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A dynamic stopping rule for phase I clinical trials I期临床试验的动态停止规则
Biometrical Letters Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/bile-2018-0002
M. Alam, Mohaimen Mansur
{"title":"A dynamic stopping rule for phase I clinical trials","authors":"M. Alam, Mohaimen Mansur","doi":"10.2478/bile-2018-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bile-2018-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Summary This paper investigates a stopping rule to be utilised in phase I clinical trials. The motivation is to develop a dynamic rule so that a trial stops early if the maximum tolerated dose lies towards the beginning of a dose region. Also, it will employ many patients if the maximum tolerated dose lies towards the end of a dose region. A two-parameter logistic model is assumed for the dose-response data. A trial is stopped early before reaching the maximum number of patients when the width of the Bayesian posterior probability interval of the slope parameter meets a desired value. Instead of setting a pre-specified width to stop at, we determine it based on the parameter estimate obtained after a reasonable number of steps in a trial. Simulation studies of six plausible dose-response scenarios show that the proposed stopping rule is capable of limiting the number of patients to be recruited depending on the underlying scenario. Although the rule is applied to a D-optimum design here, it will be equally applicable to other model-based designs.","PeriodicalId":8933,"journal":{"name":"Biometrical Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83214607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
An Algorithm to Define the Optimum Biological Dose of Metronomic Chemotherapy 一种确定节拍化疗最佳生物剂量的算法
Biometrical Letters Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/bile-2018-0001
A. Bhattacharjee, V. Patil, V. Noronha, A. Joshi, K. Prabhash
{"title":"An Algorithm to Define the Optimum Biological Dose of Metronomic Chemotherapy","authors":"A. Bhattacharjee, V. Patil, V. Noronha, A. Joshi, K. Prabhash","doi":"10.2478/bile-2018-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bile-2018-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The best effective dose of a chemotherapy is defined using the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of toxicity. It is possible that the toxicity of a dose may increase when the dose-response curve is not monotonic. In the case of metronomic chemotherapy (MC) a 1/10th level of MC dose is considered as a targeted dose of therapy and is safer in terms of toxicity levels. The objective of this study is to develop an algorithm based on the dose response model of MC to evaluate the best effective dose based on the molecular target agent. The molecular target agent is defined as the optimal biological dose achieved by the best effective dose, as the lowest dose with the highest rate of safety and efficacy. The first proposed design is parametric and assumes a logistic dose-efficacy curve for dose determination, and the second design uses quadratic regression to identify the optimal biological dose. We conducted extensive simulation studies to investigate the operating characteristics of the proposed designs. Simulation studies provide a possible way to decide on the best effective dose of MC to be considered in further phases through the finding of the optimal biological dose. The proposed design is assumed, with the threshold value of optimum biological dose (OBD), to detect the best dose of MC. This consistent design with specific dose response models can be recommended for practice.","PeriodicalId":8933,"journal":{"name":"Biometrical Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79974998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Genotype-by-environment interaction for seed glucosinolate content in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) using an additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model 基于加性主效应和乘法互作模型的基因型-环境互作对冬季油菜硫代葡萄糖苷含量的影响
Biometrical Letters Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/bile-2018-0007
J. Bocianowski, K. Nowosad, A. Liersch, W. Popławska, A. Łacka
{"title":"Genotype-by-environment interaction for seed glucosinolate content in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) using an additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model","authors":"J. Bocianowski, K. Nowosad, A. Liersch, W. Popławska, A. Łacka","doi":"10.2478/bile-2018-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bile-2018-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The objective of this study was to assess genotype-by-environment interaction for seed glucosinolate content in winter rapeseed cultivars grown in western Poland using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model. The study concerned 25 winter rapeseed genotypes (15 F1 CMS ogura hybrids, parental lines and two European cultivars: open pollinated Californium and F1 hybrid Hercules), evaluated at five locations in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The seed glucosinolate content of the tested genotypes ranged from 5.53 to 16.80 μmol∙g-1 of seeds, with an average of 10.26 μmol∙g-1. In the AMMI analyses, 48.67% of the seed glucosinolate content variation was explained by environment, 13.07% by differences between genotypes, and 17.56% by genotype-by-environment interaction. The hybrid PN66×PN07 is recommended for further inclusion in the breeding program due to its low average seed glucosinolate content; the restorer line PN18, CMS ogura line PN66 and hybrids PN66×PN18 and PN66×PN21 are recommended because of their stability and low seed glucosinolate content.","PeriodicalId":8933,"journal":{"name":"Biometrical Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87282861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
The perfect regression and causality test: A solution to regression problems 完美回归与因果检验:回归问题的解决方案
Biometrical Letters Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/bile-2018-0004
Moawia Alghalith
{"title":"The perfect regression and causality test: A solution to regression problems","authors":"Moawia Alghalith","doi":"10.2478/bile-2018-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bile-2018-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Summary We introduce a method that eliminates the specification error and spurious relationships in regression. In addition, we introduce a test of strong causality. Furthermore, hypothesis testing (inference) becomes almost unneeded. Moreover, this method virtually resolves error problems such as heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation, non-stationarity and endogeneity.","PeriodicalId":8933,"journal":{"name":"Biometrical Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90957465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Effect of number of parents on some important biometric genetic parameters in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) 亲本数量对甘蓝型油菜一些重要生物特征遗传参数的影响
Biometrical Letters Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/bile-2018-0005
V. Rameeh
{"title":"Effect of number of parents on some important biometric genetic parameters in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)","authors":"V. Rameeh","doi":"10.2478/bile-2018-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bile-2018-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Half F2 diallel crosses of eight spring cultivars of rapeseed were used in partial circulant diallel analyses to estimate biometric genetic parameters for phenological traits, yield components and seed yield. The greatest variation in the GCA-to-SCA mean square ratio was related to days to flowering, and its lowest variation to days to maturity. A high coefficient of variation of the narrow-sense heritability estimate was obtained for days to maturity, followed by plant height and seed yield. For diallel analysis with a low number of parents, the differences of the heritability estimates of the traits were small; therefore, for precise estimation of heritability, a high number of diallel crosses will be preferred.","PeriodicalId":8933,"journal":{"name":"Biometrical Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82039785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The analysis of usefulness of locations on the basis of spring barley trials 基于春大麦试验的定位有效性分析
Biometrical Letters Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/bile-2018-0006
B. Zawieja, A. Bichoński, J. Grala-Michalak
{"title":"The analysis of usefulness of locations on the basis of spring barley trials","authors":"B. Zawieja, A. Bichoński, J. Grala-Michalak","doi":"10.2478/bile-2018-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bile-2018-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The purpose of breeding experiments is to predict the best yielding lines to be registered. Unfortunately, the results obtained in different locations and years are often different. The main objective of this study was the evaluation and choice of experimental locations. The methods used included ANOVA, Andrews’ curves, PCA, cluster analysis, coefficients of usefulness and heritability coefficients. The experimental data are derived from prepreliminary and preliminary breeding experiments with spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), malting and fodder, conducted in the period from 2008 to 2013 at six experimental stations in Poland. The results showed that some of the locations were similar in respect of the analyzed coefficients, while some locations were unique. The most valuable locations were indicated as those which have the greatest contribution to the interaction and the greatest usefulness (the lowest joint usefulness coefficient). This is because, at the last stage of new variety cultivation, when new varieties are to be registered, they are evaluated in more variable experimental environments.","PeriodicalId":8933,"journal":{"name":"Biometrical Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84833847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Computing Bayes factors to measure evidence from experiments: An extension of the BIC approximation 计算贝叶斯因子来测量实验证据:BIC近似的扩展
Biometrical Letters Pub Date : 2018-03-01 DOI: 10.2478/bile-2018-0003
Thomas J. Faulkenberry
{"title":"Computing Bayes factors to measure evidence from experiments: An extension of the BIC approximation","authors":"Thomas J. Faulkenberry","doi":"10.2478/bile-2018-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bile-2018-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Bayesian inference affords scientists powerful tools for testing hypotheses. One of these tools is the Bayes factor, which indexes the extent to which support for one hypothesis over another is updated after seeing the data. Part of the hesitance to adopt this approach may stem from an unfamiliarity with the computational tools necessary for computing Bayes factors. Previous work has shown that closed-form approximations of Bayes factors are relatively easy to obtain for between-groups methods, such as an analysis of variance or t-test. In this paper, I extend this approximation to develop a formula for the Bayes factor that directly uses information that is typically reported for ANOVAs (e.g., the F ratio and degrees of freedom). After giving two examples of its use, I report the results of simulations which show that even with minimal input, this approximate Bayes factor produces similar results to existing software solutions.","PeriodicalId":8933,"journal":{"name":"Biometrical Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83225897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 30
Comparison of Sojourn Time Distributions in Modeling HIV/AIDS Disease Progression 逗留时间分布在模拟HIV/AIDS疾病进展中的比较
Biometrical Letters Pub Date : 2017-12-20 DOI: 10.1515/bile-2017-0009
Tilahun Ferede Asena, A. Goshu
{"title":"Comparison of Sojourn Time Distributions in Modeling HIV/AIDS Disease Progression","authors":"Tilahun Ferede Asena, A. Goshu","doi":"10.1515/bile-2017-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bile-2017-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Summary An application of semi-Markov models to AIDS disease progression was utilized to find best sojourn time distributions. We obtained data on 370 HIV/AIDS patients who were under follow-up from September 2008 to August 2015, from Yirgalim General Hospital, Ethiopia. The study reveals that within the “good” states, the transition probability of moving from a given state to the next worst state has a parabolic pattern that increases with time until it reaches a maximum and then declines over time. Compared with the case of exponential distribution, the conditional probability of remaining in a good state before moving to the next good state grows faster at the beginning, peaks, and then declines faster for a long period. The probability of remaining in the same good disease state declines over time, though maintaining higher values for healthier states. Moreover, the Weibull distribution under the semi-Markov model leads to dynamic probabilities with a higher rate of decline and smaller deviations. In this study, we found that the Weibull distribution is flexible in modeling and preferable for use as a waiting time distribution for monitoring HIV/AIDS disease progression.","PeriodicalId":8933,"journal":{"name":"Biometrical Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87506807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Some D-optimal chemical balance weighing designs: theory and examples 一些d -最优化学平衡称重设计:理论与实例
Biometrical Letters Pub Date : 2017-12-20 DOI: 10.1515/bile-2017-0008
B. Ceranka, M. Graczyk
{"title":"Some D-optimal chemical balance weighing designs: theory and examples","authors":"B. Ceranka, M. Graczyk","doi":"10.1515/bile-2017-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bile-2017-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Summary In this paper we study a certain kind of experimental designs called chemical balance weighing designs. We consider issues with regard to determining optimality conditions. We give new classes of designs in which we are able to determine an optimal design. Moreover, examples are given for the presented cases.","PeriodicalId":8933,"journal":{"name":"Biometrical Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77774227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Incomplete split-block designs constructed by affine α-resolvable designs 由仿射α-可分辨设计构建的不完全劈块设计
Biometrical Letters Pub Date : 2017-12-20 DOI: 10.1515/bile-2017-0007
K. Ozawa, Shinji Kuriki, S. Mejza
{"title":"Incomplete split-block designs constructed by affine α-resolvable designs","authors":"K. Ozawa, Shinji Kuriki, S. Mejza","doi":"10.1515/bile-2017-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bile-2017-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Summary We construct an incomplete split-block design (ISBD) by the semi- Kronecker product of two affine α-resolvable designs for row and column treatments. We characterize such ISBDs with respect to the general balance property and we give the stratum efficiency factors for the ISBDs.","PeriodicalId":8933,"journal":{"name":"Biometrical Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83383757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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