{"title":"Comparison of some correlation measures for continuous and categorical data","authors":"E. Skotarczak, A. Dobek, K. Moliński","doi":"10.2478/bile-2019-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bile-2019-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Summary In the literature there can be found a wide collection of correlation and association coefficients used for different structures of data. Generally, some of the correlation coefficients are conventionally used for continuous data and others for categorical or ordinal observations. The aim of this paper is to verify the performance of various approaches to correlation coefficient estimation for several types of observations. Both simulated and real data were analysed. For continuous variables, Pearson’s r2 and MIC were determined, whereas for categorized data three approaches were compared: Cramér’s V, Joe’s estimator, and the regression-based estimator. Two method of discretization for continuous data were used. The following conclusions were drawn: the regression-based approach yielded the best results for data with the highest assumed r2 coefficient, whereas Joe’s estimator was the better approximation of true correlation when the assumed r2 was small; and the MIC estimator detected the maximal level of dependency for data having a quadratic relation. Moreover, the discretization method applied to data with a non-linear dependency can cause loss of dependency information. The calculations were supported by the R packages arules and minerva.","PeriodicalId":8933,"journal":{"name":"Biometrical Letters","volume":"1 1","pages":"253 - 261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73343226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mathematical Modeling of the Coinfection Dynamics of Malaria-Toxoplasmosis in the Tropics","authors":"O. Ogunmiloro","doi":"10.2478/bile-2019-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bile-2019-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Coinfection by Plasmodium species and Toxoplasma gondii in humans is widespread, with its endemic impact mostly felt in the tropics. A mathematical model is formulated as a first-order nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations to describe the coinfection dynamics of malaria-toxoplasmosis in the mainly human and feline susceptible host population in tropical regions. Comprehensive mathematical techniques are applied to show that the model system is bounded, positive and realistic in an epidemiological sense. Also, the basic reproduction number (Romt) of the coinfection model is obtained. It is shown that if Romt < 1, the model system at its malaria-toxoplasmosis absent equilibrium is both locally and globally asymptotically stable. The impact of toxoplasmosis and its treatment on malaria, and vice versa, is studied and analyzed. Sensitivity analysis was performed to investigate the impact of the model system parameters on the reproduction number of the transmission of malaria-toxoplasmosis coinfection. Simulations and graphical illustrations were made to validate the results obtained from the theoretical model.","PeriodicalId":8933,"journal":{"name":"Biometrical Letters","volume":"6 1","pages":"139 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83053772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The effect of soil and weather conditions on yields of winter wheat in multi-environmental trials","authors":"M. Iwańska, M. Stępień","doi":"10.2478/bile-2019-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bile-2019-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Drought reduces crop yields not only in areas of arid climate. The impact of droughts depends on the crop growth stage and soil properties. The frequency of droughts will increase due to climate change. It is important to determine the environmental variables that have the strongest effect on wheat yields in dry years. The effect of soil and weather on wheat yield was evaluated in 2018, which was considered a very dry year in Europe. The winter wheat yield data from 19 trial locations of the Research Center of Cultivar Testing (COBORU), Poland, were used. Soil data from the trial locations, mean air temperature (T) and precipitation (P) were considered as environmental factors, as well as the climatic water balance (CWB). The hydrothermal coefficient (HTC), which is based on P and T, was also used. The effect of these factors on winter wheat yield was related to the weather conditions at particular growth stages. The soil had a greater effect than the weather conditions. CWB, P, T and HTC showed a clear relationship with winter wheat yield. Soil data and HTC are the factors most recommended for models predicting crop yields. In the selection of drought-tolerant genotypes, the plants should be subjected to stress especially during the heading and grain filling growth stages.","PeriodicalId":8933,"journal":{"name":"Biometrical Letters","volume":"1 1","pages":"263 - 279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87795314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Mejza, K. Ambroży-Deręgowska, J. Bocianowski, J. Błażewicz, M. Liszewski, K. Nowosad, D. Zalewski
{"title":"On modeling and analyzing barley malt data in different years","authors":"I. Mejza, K. Ambroży-Deręgowska, J. Bocianowski, J. Błażewicz, M. Liszewski, K. Nowosad, D. Zalewski","doi":"10.2478/bile-2019-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bile-2019-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The main purpose of this study was the model fitting of data deriving from a three-year experiment with barley malt. Two linear models were considered: a fixed linear model with fixed effects of years and other factors, and a mixed linear model with random effects of years and fixed effects of other factors. Two cultivars of brewing barley, Sebastian and Mauritia, six methods of nitrogen fertilization and four germination times were analyzed. Three quantitative traits were observed: practical extractivity of the malt, malting productivity, and a quality coefficient Q. The starting point for the statistical analyses was the available experimental material, which consisted of barley grain samples destined for malting. The analyses were performed over a series of years with respect to fixed or random effects of years. Due to the strong differentiation of the years of the study and some significant interactions of factors with years, annual analyses were also carried out.","PeriodicalId":8933,"journal":{"name":"Biometrical Letters","volume":"27 1","pages":"45 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80943194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effective dose of ionic liquids with glyphosate","authors":"Katarzyna Marcinkowska, A. Łacka","doi":"10.2478/bile-2019-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bile-2019-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The effective dose of six herbicidal ionic liquids containing glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] was investigated. Varied biological activity of the tested compounds was observed depending on the type of cation and targeted plant species. In the case of common lambsquarters, the lowest effective dose was obtained for compounds containing didecyldimethylammonium and di(hydrogenated tallow)dimethylammonium cations. In the case of white mustard, the lowest ED50 and ED90 values were obtained for the reference compound, which contained glyphosate isopropylamine salt. These parameters were determined using dose efficiency curves based on log-logistic models with three or four parameters. The study indicates that ionic liquids with glyphosate may be used as a new form of this herbicide in the future.","PeriodicalId":8933,"journal":{"name":"Biometrical Letters","volume":"98 1","pages":"105 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80848325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A simple solution to the specification error","authors":"Moawia Alghalith","doi":"10.2478/bile-2019-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bile-2019-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Summary We develop a simple method that completely eliminates the specification error and spurious relationships in regression. Furthermore, we introduce a stronger test of causality. We apply our method to oil prices.","PeriodicalId":8933,"journal":{"name":"Biometrical Letters","volume":"2013 1","pages":"13 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86369621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A note on testing hypotheses concerning interaction with special reference to a graphical presentation in the space of canonical variates","authors":"D. Kayzer","doi":"10.2478/bile-2019-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bile-2019-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Results of ecological studies that involve the use of multivariate analysis of variance techniques for testing various hypotheses, interesting from the point of view of comparing the linear functions of parameters, were considered. For testing the most interesting hypotheses on a variety of interaction effects and on contrasts of class means, the application of a multivariate test statistic is recommended. Canonical variate analysis is used for graphical presentation of the results of multidimensional experiments. In this paper it is shown how a generalized form of canonical variate analysis can be useful to reveal which parametric functions of a multivariate analysis of variance model are responsible for rejecting the linear hypothesis. As an example, an analysis was made of an ecological study of trace element accumulation in plants of Italian ryegrass as a method of biomonitoring of air pollution.","PeriodicalId":8933,"journal":{"name":"Biometrical Letters","volume":"111 1","pages":"104 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82734411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The LMS for testing independence in two-way contingency tables","authors":"P. Sulewski","doi":"10.2478/bile-2019-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bile-2019-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Summary In the statistical literature there are proposed many test measures to determine the independence of two qualitative variables in contingency tables, in particular in two-way contingency tables larger than 2×2. For statistical analysis, three of the so-called “chi-squared tests”—the T3 test, BP test and |χ| test—were selected. These tests were compared with a logarithmic minimum test, which is the author’s proposal. Critical values for the tests were determined with the Monte Carlo method. To compare the tests, an appropriate measure of untruthfulness of H0 was used and the power of the tests was calculated.","PeriodicalId":8933,"journal":{"name":"Biometrical Letters","volume":"6 1","pages":"17 - 43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80466966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the distribution of urine output in normally cycling women","authors":"D. Cooke, L. Blackwell, Simon Brown","doi":"10.2478/bile-2019-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bile-2019-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Summary It has been suggested that it is possible to monitor the menstrual cycle by measuring the concentration of urinary reproductive steroids. This neglects the variation in void volume and in urine production rate. In neither case has any systematic analysis been reported previously. Overnight urine samples were collected each day for one complete cycle by 24 women and the void volumes and intervoid times were recorded. The void volume and urine production rate were approximately lognormally distributed and the intervoid time was approximately normally distributed. Using these distributions we consider the implications of the variation in void volume and urine production rate for the comparison of the concentrations of a urinary analyte in two samples.","PeriodicalId":8933,"journal":{"name":"Biometrical Letters","volume":"47 1","pages":"71 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76777808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Zawieja, S. Lewandowska, T. Mikulski, W. Pilarczyk
{"title":"Stability evaluation of oilseed rape hybrids in unreplicated trials carried out in different locations","authors":"B. Zawieja, S. Lewandowska, T. Mikulski, W. Pilarczyk","doi":"10.2478/bile-2019-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bile-2019-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Summary An analysis is made of results from early stages of testing of promising hybrids. The data consist of single-replicate trials performed by Norddeutsche Pflanzenzucht in 6 locations (5 in Poland and one in Germany). In total 165 hybrids were tested with 3 standard varieties. The subject of the analysis was the seed yield. Three measures of stability were used. The yield of tested hybrids is expressed as percentage of that of standard varieties. Wricke’s ecovalence expressed as a contribution to G x E interaction was used as a measure of stability. Additional characterization of the tested hybrids was performed by regressing hybrid yield on the mean yields of the experiment, as described by Finlay and Wilkinson and by Eberhart and Russel. The methods applied enabled selection of the most promising hybrids for further yield testing.","PeriodicalId":8933,"journal":{"name":"Biometrical Letters","volume":"5 1","pages":"59 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83103626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}