Smart structures and materials. Nondestructive evaluation for health monitoring and diagnostics最新文献_第5页

Modeling of the actuation performance of dielectric elastomer unimorph bending actuators consisting of different materials 不同材料介质弹性体单晶弯曲致动器的致动性能建模

Smart structures and materials. Nondestructive evaluation for health monitoring and diagnostics Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.1117/12.2658490

H. Böse, J. Ehrlich, Peter Löschke, T. Gerlach

{"title":"Modeling of the actuation performance of dielectric elastomer unimorph bending actuators consisting of different materials","authors":"H. Böse, J. Ehrlich, Peter Löschke, T. Gerlach","doi":"10.1117/12.2658490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2658490","url":null,"abstract":"Unimorph bending actuators based on dielectric elastomers (DE) are promising components for soft robotic grippers in analogy to the capabilities of the human hand. In a simple manufacturing process of the unimorph actuator, a bendable, but not stretchable passive carrier film is laminated with an active DE film, which expands in the electric field and generates a large bending deformation of the laminated composite film along its length dimension. The actuation performance in terms of the bending angle, actuator tip displacement and blocking force depends not only on the geometrical design of the unimorph actuator, but also on the properties of the used materials such as the Young’s moduli of the passive film and the elastomer film as well as the elastomer’s permittivity. To evaluate the influence of all relevant geometrical and material parameters on the actuation performance, a simple mathematical model was developed. Additionally, DE unimorph actuators were manufactured with silicone elastomer and their performance was experimentally investigated. The results of calculations are compared with those of the corresponding measurements and exhibit a high degree of quantitative agreement. Furthermore, the dependence of the actuator performance on various geometrical and material parameters (thickness of the dielectric and of the carrier film, permittivity and Young’s modulus of the dielectric) is predicted with the mathematical model. These calculations pave the way to a unimorph actuator with strongly improved performance. The key for this high performance is the simultaneous enhancement of the permittivity and the Young’s modulus of the dielectric. Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) fulfills these requirements and unimorph actuators based on TPU actually confirm the predicted high performance experimentally. By this way, the simple mathematical model offers a powerful and efficient tool for the optimization of unimorph actuators.","PeriodicalId":89272,"journal":{"name":"Smart structures and materials. Nondestructive evaluation for health monitoring and diagnostics","volume":"22 1","pages":"124820L - 124820L-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82631188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Digitally programmable nonlinear energy sink via essentially nonlinear synthetic impedance circuit 数字可编程非线性能量接收器通过本质上非线性合成阻抗电路

Smart structures and materials. Nondestructive evaluation for health monitoring and diagnostics Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.1117/12.2661414

O. Alfahmi, A. Erturk

{"title":"Digitally programmable nonlinear energy sink via essentially nonlinear synthetic impedance circuit","authors":"O. Alfahmi, A. Erturk","doi":"10.1117/12.2661414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2661414","url":null,"abstract":"An essentially nonlinear digitally programmable shunt circuit is explored in this work for the practical realization of nonlinear energy sink (NES) behavior in piezoelectric structures. The NES allows for energy transfer from the host structure to the nonlinear attachment in an irreversible fashion as well established. The main advantage of a NES is its ability to absorb vibrations over a broad frequency bandwidth since it has no preferential resonance, i.e., it is not tuned to any specific linear resonance frequency. In this work, a synthetic impedance circuit is employed for the emulation of a nonlinear inductor connected in parallel to a resistor, providing digital analogous of essential stiffness nonlinearity and damping, respectively, while piezoelectric capacitance acts as the mass analogue. Model simulations are conducted first to identify the suitable parameters of the synthetic impedance circuit in order to guide the experiments. The performance of the piezoelectric NES is then validated experimentally for a geometrically linear piezoelectric cantilever shunted to a programmable essentially nonlinear inductance circuit. Unlike the analog circuit explored in the literature using nonlinear capacitance (hence requiring negative capacitance in the circuit to make it essentially nonlinear), this work is inductive type (does not require negative capacitance) and is entirely programmable with digital control.","PeriodicalId":89272,"journal":{"name":"Smart structures and materials. Nondestructive evaluation for health monitoring and diagnostics","volume":"30 1","pages":"1248315 - 1248315-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89904029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A method of testing pear fruit firmness with dielectric elastomer actuator excitation 用介电弹性体作动器激励测试梨果实硬度的方法

Smart structures and materials. Nondestructive evaluation for health monitoring and diagnostics Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.1117/12.2657681

T. Hiruta, Kaishi Sasaki, N. Hosoya, S. Maeda, K. Takagi, I. Kajiwara

{"title":"A method of testing pear fruit firmness with dielectric elastomer actuator excitation","authors":"T. Hiruta, Kaishi Sasaki, N. Hosoya, S. Maeda, K. Takagi, I. Kajiwara","doi":"10.1117/12.2657681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2657681","url":null,"abstract":"The quality of pear fruits is correlated with their firmness, which is assessed by a firmness index derived from the resonance frequency and mass. Postharvest pear fruits ripen during storage, which affects the firmness. A nondestructive measurement technique is necessary to predict fruit firmness without causing any damage. Thus, this study proposes a vibration experiment technique based on dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) excitation to determine the resonance frequency of pear fruits without any damage. Therefore, DEAs can be attached directly on fruits with curved surfaces because of their stretchability, light weight, and responsiveness and can be used to transfer the excitation force effectively. For our experiments, thin laminated DEAs were fabricated to obtain sufficient vibration excitation force, and resonance frequencies of the pear fruits were confirmed. Subsequently, the firmness indices of each target fruit were calculated and assessed. Finally, the variations in firmness indices of pear fruits during storage were confirmed, and the effectiveness of the proposed technique was validated.","PeriodicalId":89272,"journal":{"name":"Smart structures and materials. Nondestructive evaluation for health monitoring and diagnostics","volume":"46 1","pages":"1248206 - 1248206-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75609628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Acoustic energy transfer using piezoelectric transducers 利用压电换能器进行声能传递

Smart structures and materials. Nondestructive evaluation for health monitoring and diagnostics Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.1117/12.2659097

Lining Zhang, Guobiao Hu, Lihua Tang, A. Hu, K. Aw

{"title":"Acoustic energy transfer using piezoelectric transducers","authors":"Lining Zhang, Guobiao Hu, Lihua Tang, A. Hu, K. Aw","doi":"10.1117/12.2659097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2659097","url":null,"abstract":"Acoustic energy transfer (AET) is considered to be a promising technology without electromagnetic interference and safety issue compared to other wireless power transfer methods, especially for biomedical applications. In this paper, an AET system using piezoelectric transducers is modelled by equivalent circuit representation and finite element method, which in general give consistent results. A parametric study is then conducted to understand the influence of the sizes of barrier and piezoelectric transducers as well as the load resistance on the performance of the AET system. It is found that the area of the barrier has negligible impact on the performance, but the thickness of the barrier does, and the thinner barrier is favorable. In addition, it is found that a transfer efficiency of over 90% can be achieved if the transducers are optimized with thickness of 1.8-2.0 mm and the diameter of 24 to 26 mm. As the load resistance increases from 5 Ω to 400 Ω, the maximum efficiency of about 90% is achieved with a medium load resistance. These findings provide useful guidelines for AET system design.","PeriodicalId":89272,"journal":{"name":"Smart structures and materials. Nondestructive evaluation for health monitoring and diagnostics","volume":"94 1","pages":"124831G - 124831G-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80251701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of manufacturing parameters on the quality of electrodes of a multi-layer capacitive strain sensor based on dielectric elastomers 制造参数对介电弹性体多层电容式应变传感器电极质量的影响

Smart structures and materials. Nondestructive evaluation for health monitoring and diagnostics Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.1117/12.2656481

A. Prokopchuk, Arthur Ewert, J. Menning, B. Schlecht, T. Wallmersperger, Andreas Richter, M. Henke

{"title":"Influence of manufacturing parameters on the quality of electrodes of a multi-layer capacitive strain sensor based on dielectric elastomers","authors":"A. Prokopchuk, Arthur Ewert, J. Menning, B. Schlecht, T. Wallmersperger, Andreas Richter, M. Henke","doi":"10.1117/12.2656481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2656481","url":null,"abstract":"Since the significant growth of interest in soft robotics, artificial muscles and biomimetics, soft, capacitive dielectric elastomer sensors (DES) have been in the focus of development. However, when including a sensor into any device, tool or, for example, a machine element, there are several factors which have to be considered, e.g., the ease of embedding the sensor, the maintenance of the functionality of the machine element, as well as the quality of the embedded sensors and their reproducibility. In this work, we will focus on the quality of the sensor and present a procedure for manufacturing multi-layer capacitive strain sensors. In order to assess the influence of different manufacturing processes on the quality of capacitive DES, a variety of thin multi-layer sensors were fabricated. Furthermore, using an LCR meter, the equivalent electrical capacitances (C) at the two sensor contacts were measured. It is shown that C varies depending on the quality of the electrodes. By testing multi-layer DES (ML-DES) with an electrode diameter of delectrode = 3 mm, with three and four electrode layers, a maximum capacitance of C0 = 6.7 pF and C0 = 10.5 pF was achieved for the undeformed sensor, respectively. The obtained capacitance values show that following the presented recommendations for creation the electrodes enables to improve the reproducibility and quality of the manufactured ML-DES. The fabricated sensor is soft and deformable due to the compliance of the elastomeric film used. Such a capacitive ML-DES can be used, for example, as a soft strain sensor implemented into the elastic element of a jaw coupling.","PeriodicalId":89272,"journal":{"name":"Smart structures and materials. Nondestructive evaluation for health monitoring and diagnostics","volume":"56 1","pages":"124831Q - 124831Q-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88513350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transparent PDMS fiber actuator with ionic liquid-based electrodes 透明PDMS光纤驱动器与离子液体为基础的电极

Smart structures and materials. Nondestructive evaluation for health monitoring and diagnostics Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.1117/12.2655769

Zhaoqing Kang, Liyun Yu, A. Skov

{"title":"Transparent PDMS fiber actuator with ionic liquid-based electrodes","authors":"Zhaoqing Kang, Liyun Yu, A. Skov","doi":"10.1117/12.2655769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2655769","url":null,"abstract":"Fiber dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) are potential candidates for the realization of artificial muscles owing to, amongst others, their linear actuation principle. In this work, a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) hollow fiber is prepared through a spinning method using the photocurable thiol-ene reaction between a thiol (R-SH) group and a double bond (C=C). The developed PDMS hollow fiber has an external diameter of 463 μm and uniform wall thickness of 78 μm, and presents tensile properties of ~600 % strain at break and 0.22 MPa strength, compared to these of the planar film of 86 % strain at break and 0.14 MPa tensile strength. Fiber DEAs are prepared by using ionic liquid as an inner electrode and ionogel as an electrical outer sheath. Due to the highly transparent PDMS elastomer layer and ionic liquid-based electrodes, the fiber DEA presents a transparency of ~91 % in a visible light spectrum. The fiber DEA exhibits a large linear strain of 9 % at 50 V/μm. Furthermore, the fiber DEA can be assembled into bundles for increased forces. The work presented herein provides a pathway for creating active soft matter with complex architectures to enable fast programmable actuation for multiple applications including invisible robots.","PeriodicalId":89272,"journal":{"name":"Smart structures and materials. Nondestructive evaluation for health monitoring and diagnostics","volume":"41 1","pages":"1248205 - 1248205-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79972024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What are steric effects? A purely continuum model 什么是空间效应?纯连续统模型

Smart structures and materials. Nondestructive evaluation for health monitoring and diagnostics Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.1117/12.2658452

A. Boldini, M. Porfiri

{"title":"What are steric effects? A purely continuum model","authors":"A. Boldini, M. Porfiri","doi":"10.1117/12.2658452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2658452","url":null,"abstract":"In electrolyte solutions, the application of an external voltage elicits a series of complex microscopic phenomena. When there is no charge transfer between solution and electrodes (non-Faradaic processes), an extremely thin electric double layer is formed on each of the electrodes, screening the bulk of the solution from the external electric field. In the simplest double layer models, the volume of ions in the solution is neglected. For relatively small voltage values, one can easily reach values of concentrations in the double layers over the physical packing limit. To address this issue, steric effects associated with the finite volume of ions are introduced, toward limiting the maximum concentration in the double layers. These effects are often introduced at a microscopic scale, through modifications of the entropy of mixing. However, the macroscopic interpretation of these models remains elusive. Here, we propose a purely continuum model of steric effects in electrolyte solutions. We show that including steric effects at a microscopic scale is equivalent to requiring that each constituent of the solution is incompressible at a macroscopic level. Incidentally, the macroscopic model easily extends steric effects to multiple ions of different sizes, a challenging task for microscopic models. We highlight the consequences of our model on electrolyte solutions and ionic membranes. In particular, we show how our model constitutes a simple mathematical formulation for actuators with ionic liquid solvents. Our effort supports the creation of physics-based models of ionic actuators, facilitating their mathematical description.","PeriodicalId":89272,"journal":{"name":"Smart structures and materials. Nondestructive evaluation for health monitoring and diagnostics","volume":"1 1","pages":"124820V - 124820V-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79874090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analytical and experimental investigation of vibration for reducing cleaning time of water filtration membranes 振动缩短水过滤膜清洗时间的分析与实验研究

Smart structures and materials. Nondestructive evaluation for health monitoring and diagnostics Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.1117/12.2657763

Ryan Tracy, J. Pala, Milad Rabbani Esfahani, S. Mahmoodi

{"title":"Analytical and experimental investigation of vibration for reducing cleaning time of water filtration membranes","authors":"Ryan Tracy, J. Pala, Milad Rabbani Esfahani, S. Mahmoodi","doi":"10.1117/12.2657763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2657763","url":null,"abstract":"Membrane technology is one of the most reliable and efficient separation processes for water treatment. However, one of the main limiting factors in the membrane filtration process is fouling, which is the deposition or adsorption of contaminants on the membrane surface or inside the membrane pores. In this paper, induced-vibrations is proposed as a cleaning-aid by preventing and reducing membrane fouling. The response of the membrane to periodic displacement at its boundaries is found mathematically and experiments are performed using a tabletop shaker to verify the model. Humic Acid (HA), a common water foulant in filtration systems, are distributed on the surface and their motion is observed at various forcing frequencies. Here we aim to utilize induced vibrations to excite the membrane’s resonances and take advantage of the spatial non-uniformity of the resulting mode shapes. In these modes, there will be regions of the membrane which vibrate out-of-phase with one another, potentially reducing the deposition of particles on the membrane surface (fouling) further by creating instability in the fluid near the membrane surface. Because the amplitude of vibration varies across the membrane surface, the deposition of foulants will also occur unevenly. These uneven patterns of fouling may be able to be removed from the membrane more easily during subsequent cleaning.","PeriodicalId":89272,"journal":{"name":"Smart structures and materials. Nondestructive evaluation for health monitoring and diagnostics","volume":"33 1","pages":"1248317 - 1248317-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90694117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Elastic wave manipulation implemented using a locally resonant metasurface with digitally tunable piezoelectric shunts 弹性波操纵实现使用局部谐振超表面与数字可调压电分流

Smart structures and materials. Nondestructive evaluation for health monitoring and diagnostics Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.1117/12.2658604

J. Dupont, T. Wang, R. Christenson, J. Tang

引用次数: 0

A nonlinear piezoelectric energy harvester with multiple auxetic unit cells 一种非线性压电能量采集器

Smart structures and materials. Nondestructive evaluation for health monitoring and diagnostics Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.1117/12.2658624

Keyu Chen, W. Liao

{"title":"A nonlinear piezoelectric energy harvester with multiple auxetic unit cells","authors":"Keyu Chen, W. Liao","doi":"10.1117/12.2658624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2658624","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we design and experimentally validate a new auxetic nonlinear piezoelectric energy harvester for broad working bandwidth and high power output, which combines a clamped-clamped beam with multiple rotating square unit cells. On one hand, the key structural parameter of the square rotating unit cell is adjusted to obtain desired broad working bandwidth. On the other hand, the number of the unit cells is increased to improve the power output of the energy harvester with minor influence on the working bandwidth. Therefore, based on the parameter adjustment and unit cell number increment, the proposed energy harvester can obtain both broad working bandwidth and high power output, which can solve the trade-off between these two aspects in previous auxetic nonlinear energy harvesters. Finite element analysis is performed to analyse the characteristics of the energy harvester. The lumped parameter model is utilized to predict the performance of the energy harvester, which matches well with the experimental results. In the experimental validation, under 0.3g base acceleration, the working bandwidth and power output of the auxetic nonlinear energy harvester are increased by 14% and 268%, respectively, compared with the conventional nonlinear energy harvester.","PeriodicalId":89272,"journal":{"name":"Smart structures and materials. Nondestructive evaluation for health monitoring and diagnostics","volume":"117 1","pages":"124830Z - 124830Z-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76115983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1