{"title":"Without Faith, Tsar, and Fatherland","authors":"V. A. Zhuravlev","doi":"10.1080/10611983.2018.1577099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611983.2018.1577099","url":null,"abstract":"This book excerpt explores the impact of the February revolution on periodical publishing in wartime Russia. It briefly considers the publishing activities of various political parties, but the main focus is publications by and for the active-duty army. The new freedom of the press allowed for dozens of new publications produced by soldiers themselves. Numerous other entities, including the civil authorities and public and private organizations, also published papers intended for the army, often with a pro-war message. But worsening problems with transport and supplies made it difficult to satisfy soldiers’ deep desire for news.","PeriodicalId":89267,"journal":{"name":"Russian studies in history","volume":"57 1","pages":"85 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10611983.2018.1577099","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46948696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Violation of the Laws and Customs of War on the Russian Front in the First World War","authors":"A. Astashov","doi":"10.1080/10611983.2018.1577095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611983.2018.1577095","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines wartime efforts by the Russian civil and military authorities to shape public opinion, both at home and abroad, through investigating and publicizing enemy atrocities committed against Russians. An extraordinary investigative commission established in 1915, along the lines of Britain’s Bryce Commission, looked into alleged atrocities against soldiers and civilians as well as crimes against property; chronicled its findings; and publicized them on a wide scale. The ample funding and breadth of this undertaking challenges perceptions of the Tsarist authorities as unable to appreciate the importance of public opinion, even if the results were not always as intended.","PeriodicalId":89267,"journal":{"name":"Russian studies in history","volume":"57 1","pages":"10 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10611983.2018.1577095","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42989587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Russian War Propaganda in the United States during the First World War","authors":"I. V. Ob”edkov","doi":"10.1080/10611983.2018.1577097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611983.2018.1577097","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines Russian governmental efforts to positively shape public opinion in the United States towards the Russian war effort. In late 1916, a small information service, the Nord-Ziud Agency, was established in New York with the task of influencing press coverage by supplying American publications with interesting and favorable information about Russia and its army. However, meager financial support, the unwillingness of the military authorities to frankly share information, and their failure to understand what would interest American readers all undercut this novel propaganda effort.","PeriodicalId":89267,"journal":{"name":"Russian studies in history","volume":"57 1","pages":"30 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10611983.2018.1577097","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47983721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Indigenization before Indigenization","authors":"Serhiy Hirik","doi":"10.1080/10611983.2017.1396821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611983.2017.1396821","url":null,"abstract":"The Author traces how the former members of local Ukrainian, Belorussian, and Jewish national-communist groups were absorbed by the ruling Bolshevik party as well as the state apparat of Soviet Ukraine and Belarus. He analyzes in what areas of cultural and economic policy this process was more active. The role of former national-communist activists in the changes of the ruling party's policy is also examined.","PeriodicalId":89267,"journal":{"name":"Russian studies in history","volume":"56 1","pages":"294 - 304"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10611983.2017.1396821","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42737224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Clergy versus the Church in 1917–1918","authors":"P. Rogoznyi","doi":"10.1080/10611983.2017.1396819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611983.2017.1396819","url":null,"abstract":"P.G. Rogoznyi examines the mass character of insubordination to ecclesiastical authorities in monasteries, participation in the revolution of clergymen and the minor orders, and the relationship of religion to revolutionary monarchism and the newly labeled in April 1917 “ecclesiastical Bolshevism.” This phenomenon labeled as Bolsheviks or Leninists all those lower orders and clergy opposed to the church hierarchy. Biographical material on the colorful career of Mikhail Galkin illustrates the shifting labels and allegiances within the Church during the Revolution. These topics are taken beyond October into the first months of the Soviet era. We learn that state vs. clergy or Church is a far too simplistic paradigm during the revolutionary years.","PeriodicalId":89267,"journal":{"name":"Russian studies in history","volume":"56 1","pages":"250 - 272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10611983.2017.1396819","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45435368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rumors and Mythologems of the Russian Revolution","authors":"V. Aksenov","doi":"10.1080/10611983.2017.1396818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611983.2017.1396818","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines rumors on the eve of and during the revolutions of 1917 that expressed the mood of various categories of the population and which, under conditions of an information crisis, often became a stimulus to action. Special attention is paid to the intertextual nature of rumors, which attached to themselves political, religious-eschatological, and folkloric subjects. With the aim of reconstructing social consciousness, the author examines the psychological condition of society and visual satire as expressions of the emotional atmosphere of the Revolutionary era. The author concludes that the epoch of troubles was furthered by the spread of mass phobias that coalesced into collective psychoses as stimuli to collective protest and other forms of sometimes violent action including pogroms and collective justice.","PeriodicalId":89267,"journal":{"name":"Russian studies in history","volume":"56 1","pages":"225 - 249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10611983.2017.1396818","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46999461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Russian Revolution Centennial: Research of a New Generation","authors":"D. Orlovsky, B. Kolonitskii","doi":"10.1080/10611983.2017.1430429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611983.2017.1430429","url":null,"abstract":"The Russian Revolution Centennial has been celebrated around the world with programs, conferences, and publications. New perspectives have been brought to bear on long standing and new problems relating to 1917 and the broader antecedents and outcomes of the upheavals of that year. Among these are the question of power, center vs. periphery, the nationalities and identity, gender, violence, emotions, symbols and language, conspiracies, rumor, social history, and the like. Many of these themes were taken up in June 2016 in St. Petersburg at the Colloquium organized every three years by the Institute of Russian History St. Petersburg, Russian Academy of Sciences, the European University of St. Petersburg, and a leading group of Western scholars. The theme was “The Epoch of Russia’s Revolution, 1914–1922” and over forty scholars participated from Russia, Ukraine, the Baltic nations and others from around the globe. The conference volume was published as Epokha voin i revoliutsii: 19141922, edited by B.I. Kolonitskii and D.T. Orlovskii (St. Petersburg, NestorIstoriia, 2017), and it included all the papers plus the commentaries and a transcript of the discussions surrounding the papers and the concluding session that attempted to draw conclusions from the three-day event. One of the Colloquium’s ongoing traditions, in addition to the collaboration and dialog of Russian, East European, Eurasian, and Western scholars (the Colloquiumbegan in the late Soviet period of the 1980s and has run continuously","PeriodicalId":89267,"journal":{"name":"Russian studies in history","volume":"56 1","pages":"223 - 224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10611983.2017.1430429","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43854065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Elected Power in the Petrograd Garrison in 1917–1918","authors":"K. Tarasov","doi":"10.1080/10611983.2017.1396820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611983.2017.1396820","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the question of power in the Petrograd garrison throughout the Russian revolution 1917. The strict military hierarchy, discipline, and complete submission of the rank-and-file to the officer was destroyed after the February insurrection. To smooth out the contradictions within the military units, elective self-government bodies—regimental committees—were created. In all military units of Petrograd, those officers who were cruelly brutalized by soldiers were replaced by more loyal ones. The new authorities, however, very quickly ceased to meet the interests of the soldiers. Lower ranks tried to achieve direct democracy and so held all-regiment meetings, on which important issues were solved together. In a number of cases it was the all-regiment meetings that enjoyed the greater confidence of the soldiers than the ones from the more educated regimental committees. In fact, the committees began to depend on the opinion of the meetings. An attempt to regain control over the Petrograd garrison resulted in the introduction of the Institution of the Commissar of the Military Revolutionary Committee. The Commissars were initially appointed by the Soviet and were to carry out its policies. However, very soon they also became dependent on the opinions of the soldiers. The Commissar position became elected. The article concludes that any attempts to control direct democracy ended without success until the army was demobilized.","PeriodicalId":89267,"journal":{"name":"Russian studies in history","volume":"56 1","pages":"273 - 293"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10611983.2017.1396820","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49496194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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