A. Pradhan, Kathleen M. Masserang, G. Divekar, Ian J. Reagan, F. D. Thomas, R. Blomberg, A. Pollatsek, D. Fisher
{"title":"ATTENTION MAINTENANCE IN NOVICE DRIVERS: ASSESSMENT AND TRAINING.","authors":"A. Pradhan, Kathleen M. Masserang, G. Divekar, Ian J. Reagan, F. D. Thomas, R. Blomberg, A. Pollatsek, D. Fisher","doi":"10.17077/DRIVINGASSESSMENT.1342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17077/DRIVINGASSESSMENT.1342","url":null,"abstract":"All programs assessing attention maintenance inside the vehicle have required eye trackers and either a driving simulator or a specially equipped field vehicle. Ideally, one would like a way to assess attention maintenance that could be implemented on a desktop PC. Additionally, one would like to have a program that could be used to train novice drivers to maintain their attention more safely on the forward roadway. An experiment was run (a) to determine whether a program FOCAL (Focused Concentration and Attention Learning) using a desktop PC could differentiate between the attention maintenance skills of novice and experienced drivers and (b) to determine whether a program that improved the hazard anticipation skills of novice drivers might also improve their attention maintenance skills. FOCAL was able to differentiate between the attention maintenance skills of novice and experienced drivers. However, hazard anticipation training did not improve the attention maintenance skills of the novice drivers.","PeriodicalId":89225,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ... International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training, and Vehicle Design","volume":"12 1","pages":"349-355"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74356861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Dawson, M. Rizzo, S. Anderson, E. Dastrup, E. Uc
{"title":"COLLISION AVOIDANCE TRAINING USING A DRIVING SIMULATOR IN DRIVERS WITH PARKINSON'S DISEASE: A PILOT STUDY.","authors":"J. Dawson, M. Rizzo, S. Anderson, E. Dastrup, E. Uc","doi":"10.17077/DRIVINGASSESSMENT.1316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17077/DRIVINGASSESSMENT.1316","url":null,"abstract":"Parkinson's disease (PD) impairs driving performance, and simulator studies have shown increased crashes compared to controls. In this pilot study, eight drivers with PD participated in three drive sessions with multiple simulator intersections of varying visibility and traffic load, where an incurring vehicle posed a crash risk. Over the course of the three sessions (once every 1-2 weeks), we observed reduction in crashes (p=0.059) and reaction times (p=0.006) to the vehicle incursion. These findings suggest that our simulator training program is feasible and potentially useful in drivers with PD. Future research questions include transfer of training to different driving tasks, duration of benefit, and the effect on long term real life outcomes in comparison to a standard intervention (e.g., driver education class) in a randomized trial.","PeriodicalId":89225,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ... International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training, and Vehicle Design","volume":"81 1","pages":"154-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82444942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Dastrup, Monica N. Lees, J. Dawson, John D. Lee, M. Rizzo
{"title":"DIFFERENCES IN SIMULATED CAR FOLLOWING BEHAVIOR OF YOUNGER AND OLDER DRIVERS.","authors":"E. Dastrup, Monica N. Lees, J. Dawson, John D. Lee, M. Rizzo","doi":"10.17077/DRIVINGASSESSMENT.1305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17077/DRIVINGASSESSMENT.1305","url":null,"abstract":"Older drivers are at risk for vehicle crashes due to impairments of visual processing and attention, placing these drivers at greater risk in driving tasks that require continuous attention to neighboring traffic, especially lead vehicles (LVs). We investigated car following behavior in 42 younger drivers (ages 18 to 44 years) and 58 older drivers (ages 65 to 86 years) in a driving simulator. The drivers were instructed to maintain two car lengths from a virtual LV. The LV varied its velocity according to a sum of three sine waves, making the velocity changes unpredictable to the drivers. A Fourier analysis was performed using the vehicle trajectory data to derive measures of coherence, gain, and delay as indices of car following behavior. These measures as well as headway distance were compared between the two groups. Older drivers were less able to match changes in the LV velocity indicated by lower coherence (0.76 v. 0.84, p=0.019) and larger gain (2.24 v. 1.74, p=0.031). However, these drivers followed further behind the LV than younger drivers, a potential compensatory strategy that may reduce collision risk for older drivers.","PeriodicalId":89225,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ... International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training, and Vehicle Design","volume":"4 1","pages":"76-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84153479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Dawson, Elizabeth Bair, Nazan Askan, Kelly Sewell, J. Tippin, M. Rizzo
{"title":"CONTEXTUALIZING NATURALISTIC DRIVING DATA IN A RURAL STATE AMONG DRIVERS WITH AND WITHOUT OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA.","authors":"J. Dawson, Elizabeth Bair, Nazan Askan, Kelly Sewell, J. Tippin, M. Rizzo","doi":"10.17077/DRIVINGASSESSMENT.1610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17077/DRIVINGASSESSMENT.1610","url":null,"abstract":"In naturalistic studies, Global Positioning System (GPS) data and date/time stamps can link driver exposure to specific environments (e.g., road types, speed limits, night driving, etc.), providing valuable context for analyzing critical events, such as crashes, near crashes, and breaches of accelerometer limits. In previous work, we showed how to automate this contextualization, using GPS data obtained at 1 Hz and merging this with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) databases maintained by the Iowa Department of Transportation (DOT). Here we further demonstrate our methods by analyzing data from 80 drivers with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and 48 controls, and comparing the two groups with respect to several factors of interest. The majority of comparisons found no difference between groups, suggesting similar patterns of exposures to driving environments in OSA and control drivers. However, OSA drivers appeared to spend slightly more time on roads with annual traffic counts of 500-10,000 and less time driving on wider highways, during twilight, and on roads with 10,000-25,000 annual traffic counts.","PeriodicalId":89225,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ... International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training, and Vehicle Design","volume":"44 1","pages":"23-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75676658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeffrey D Dawson, Elizabeth Bair, Nazan Askan, Kelly Sewell, Jon Tippin, Matthew Rizzo
{"title":"CONTEXTUALIZING NATURALISTIC DRIVING DATA IN A RURAL STATE AMONG DRIVERS WITH AND WITHOUT OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA.","authors":"Jeffrey D Dawson, Elizabeth Bair, Nazan Askan, Kelly Sewell, Jon Tippin, Matthew Rizzo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In naturalistic studies, Global Positioning System (GPS) data and date/time stamps can link driver exposure to specific environments (e.g., road types, speed limits, night driving, etc.), providing valuable context for analyzing critical events, such as crashes, near crashes, and breaches of accelerometer limits. In previous work, we showed how to automate this contextualization, using GPS data obtained at 1 Hz and merging this with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) databases maintained by the Iowa Department of Transportation (DOT). Here we further demonstrate our methods by analyzing data from 80 drivers with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and 48 controls, and comparing the two groups with respect to several factors of interest. The majority of comparisons found no difference between groups, suggesting similar patterns of exposures to driving environments in OSA and control drivers. However, OSA drivers appeared to spend slightly more time on roads with annual traffic counts of 500-10,000 and less time driving on wider highways, during twilight, and on roads with 10,000-25,000 annual traffic counts.</p>","PeriodicalId":89225,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ... International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training, and Vehicle Design","volume":"2017 ","pages":"23-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5889141/pdf/nihms873035.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35986485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Steven W Savage, Lily Zhang, Dora Pepo, Sarah S Sheldon, Lauren P Spano, Alex R Bowers
{"title":"THE EFFECTS OF GUIDANCE METHOD ON DETECTION AND SCANNING AT INTERSECTIONS - A PILOT STUDY.","authors":"Steven W Savage, Lily Zhang, Dora Pepo, Sarah S Sheldon, Lauren P Spano, Alex R Bowers","doi":"10.17077/drivingassessment.1656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17077/drivingassessment.1656","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Older drivers are frequently involved in collisions at intersections. One reason may be inadequate head and eye scanning when approaching the intersection. Prior driving simulator research on scanning at intersections has employed two main methods to guide subjects through the simulated world: auditory instructions similar to GPS navigation and following a lead vehicle. However, these two methods may have differing effects on head and eye scanning behaviors. We therefore conducted a pilot study to assess the effects of guidance method on participants' head and eye movements as well as their detection of motorcycle hazards at intersections. Detection rates were significantly higher when following a lead vehicle than when following GPS instructions, but participants were closer to the intersection when they responded. Preliminary examination of the head and eye movement data suggests participants scanned less frequently when following the lead vehicle.</p>","PeriodicalId":89225,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ... International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training, and Vehicle Design","volume":"2017 ","pages":"340-346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.17077/drivingassessment.1656","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35792373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nazan Aksan, Robert Marini, Jon Tippin, Jeffrey Dawson, Matthew Rizzo
{"title":"DRIVING PERFORMANCE AND DRIVER STATE IN OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA: WHAT CHANGES WITH POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE?","authors":"Nazan Aksan, Robert Marini, Jon Tippin, Jeffrey Dawson, Matthew Rizzo","doi":"10.17077/drivingassessment.1608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17077/drivingassessment.1608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We evaluated naturalistic driving in 65 drivers with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) before and after positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy and in 43 comparison drivers. Driving performance metrics included speed (mean, variability), and lateral, and longitudinal acceleration (g's). Driver state measures included sleepiness and attention to the driving task based on sampled trigger and baseline video clips. OSA drivers showed less variability in speed and lateral g's compared to control drivers before and after PAP treatment when vehicle speed was <45mph. There were no driving performance differences when vehicle speed exceeded 45 mph. OSA drivers remained less alert than comparison drivers before and after PAP. Average hours of nightly PAP-use predicted improved alertness and lower levels of sleepiness among OSA drivers. The findings suggest increased crash risk among OSA drivers may result from lower levels of attention to the driving task that result in performance lapses that may lead to crashes, rather than to clear and specific patterns of performance deficits in vehicle control.</p>","PeriodicalId":89225,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ... International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training, and Vehicle Design","volume":"2017 ","pages":"9-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5791899/pdf/nihms873399.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35792372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nazan Aksan, Lauren Sager, Benjamin Lester, Sarah Hacker, Jeffrey Dawson, Steven W Anderson, Matthew Rizzo
{"title":"EFFECTIVENESS OF A HEADS-UP ADAPTIVE LANE DEVIATION WARNING SYSTEM FOR MIDDLE-AGED & OLDER ADULTS.","authors":"Nazan Aksan, Lauren Sager, Benjamin Lester, Sarah Hacker, Jeffrey Dawson, Steven W Anderson, Matthew Rizzo","doi":"10.17077/drivingassessment.1604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17077/drivingassessment.1604","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>46 participants (24 younger and 22 older) completed at least one out of four simulated drives designed to test the effectiveness of an Adaptive Lane Deviation Warning (LDW) system, and they drove through both a warnings-on and warnings-off version of each drive. Findings showed that LDW was effective in reducing reaction time for lane deviation corrections for both older (by 1.2 seconds) and younger drivers (by 1.6 seconds). The older and younger drivers did not differ in correction RTs when the warnings were turned off. But older drivers showed slower correction RTs than younger drivers in the warning-on drives. The data indicate that these benefits were specific to LDW rather than general improvement in driving performance. Cognitive processing speed emerged as a particularly robust predictor of benefits from the LDW compared to other domains of cognitive function.</p>","PeriodicalId":89225,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ... International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training, and Vehicle Design","volume":"2015 ","pages":"422-428"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5481995/pdf/nihms868005.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35118243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Benjamin D Lester, Lauren N Sager, Jeffrey Dawson, Sarah D Hacker, Nazan Aksan, Matthew Rizzo, Satoshi Kitazaki
{"title":"PILOT RESULTS ON FORWARD COLLISION WARNING SYSTEM EFFECTIVENESS IN OLDER DRIVERS.","authors":"Benjamin D Lester, Lauren N Sager, Jeffrey Dawson, Sarah D Hacker, Nazan Aksan, Matthew Rizzo, Satoshi Kitazaki","doi":"10.17077/drivingassessment.1593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17077/drivingassessment.1593","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) have largely been developed with a \"one-size-fits-all\" approach. This approach neglects the large inter-individual variability in perceptual and cognitive abilities that affect aging ADAS users. We investigated the effectiveness of a forward collision warning (FCW) with fixed response parameters in young and older drivers with differing levels of cognitive functioning. Drivers responded to a pedestrian stepping into the driver's path on a simulated urban road. Behavioral metrics included response times (RT) for pedal controls and two indices of risk penetration (e.g., maximum deceleration and minimum time-to-collision (TTC)). Older drivers showed significantly slower responses at several time points compared to younger drivers. The FCW facilitated response times (RTs) for older and younger drivers. However, older drivers still showed smaller safety gains compared to younger drivers at accelerator pedal release and initial brake application when the FCW was active. No significant differences in risk metrics were observed within the condition studied. The results demonstrate older drivers likely differ from younger drivers using a FCW with a fixed parameter set. Finally, we briefly discuss how future research should examine predictive relationships between domains of cognitive functioning and ADAS responses to develop parameter sets to fit the individual.</p>","PeriodicalId":89225,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ... International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training, and Vehicle Design","volume":"2015 ","pages":"345-351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4850497/pdf/nihms779690.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34350109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kuan-Hua Chen, Steven W Anderson, Michelle L Rusch, Nazan S Aksan, Jeffrey D Dawson, Matthew Rizzo
{"title":"\"CHOKING UNDER PRESSURE\" IN OLDER DRIVERS.","authors":"Kuan-Hua Chen, Steven W Anderson, Michelle L Rusch, Nazan S Aksan, Jeffrey D Dawson, Matthew Rizzo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aging can impair executive control and emotion regulation, affecting driver decision-making and behavior, especially under stress. We used an interactive driving simulator to investigate ability to make safe left-turns across oncoming traffic under pressure in 13 older (> 65 years old) and 16 middle-aged (35-56 years old) drivers. Drivers made left-turns at an uncontrolled intersection with moderately heavy oncoming traffic. Gaps between oncoming vehicles varied and increased gradually from 2 s to 10 s. Drivers made two left-turns with a vehicle honking aggressively behind (pressure condition), and two left-turns without the honking vehicle (control condition). Results showed that middle-aged drivers made more cautious turning decisions under pressure (by waiting for larger and safer gaps, <i>p</i> < .001), but older drivers did not. Further, older driver turning paths deviated under pressure compared to the control condition (<i>p</i> < .05), but the middle-aged group did not. Moreover, across all subjects, better executive function was significantly correlated with larger increases of accepted gap size from control to honking (<i>p</i> < .01). The findings suggest that older drivers are more sensitive to traffic challenges from environmental pressure and that neural models of older driver performance and safety must factor in age-related changes in executive control and emotion processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":89225,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ... International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training, and Vehicle Design","volume":"2013 ","pages":"432-438"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4850492/pdf/nihms779677.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34350108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}