Journal of the human-environment system最新文献

{"title":"Behavioral Responses to Daylit Space: A Pilot Study","authors":"Na Wang, M. Boubekri","doi":"10.1618/JHES.12.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1618/JHES.12.15","url":null,"abstract":"In this study we explored behavioral responses within a daylit space. The study is qualitative in nature and relies on the research techniques of visual documentation, observation, behavioral mapping, and physical measurement. A south-oriented lounge with 69 seats was observed for a total of nine hours during three sunny days. To aid in more in-depth research on the relationship between human behavior and daylighting, this pilot study was designed to determine patterns of space occupancy in relation to several daylighting scenarios and a number of seating arrangements. Key findings revealed that subjects preferred seats in sunlight when they were sitting in enclosed spaces. Away from the sunny areas, they preferred seats in relatively more open spaces. In addition, subjects favored seats that directly faced the incoming sunlight rather than seats that facing away from it.","PeriodicalId":89177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the human-environment system","volume":"12 1","pages":"15-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1618/JHES.12.15","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67429021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiologic Evidence on Environmental Factors Related to Irritative and General Symptoms in Housing in Japan","authors":"K. Azuma, I. Uchiyama, K. Ikeda, Y. Chiba, Jiro Okumura","doi":"10.1618/JHES.12.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1618/JHES.12.1","url":null,"abstract":"Living and housing conditions are one of the primary determinants of an individual's health. This article describes the epidemiologic evidences of environmental factors related to irritative and general symptoms in housing in Japan, which is referred to “sick house syndrome (SHS)”. The prevalence rate was suggested to range from 4% to 10% based on criteria identified by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, which excluded presence of medically explained illnesses such as allergic diseases or illnesses caused by microorganisms. Various chemicals present indoors were found to be significantly related to SHS symptoms. The proximity to major truck routes, industrial plants or waste disposal sites, interior materials or products brought inside, furniture, or the presence of unconfined burning kerosene heaters were significantly related to the symptoms. Dew condensation, molds, fungi, house plants, water leakage and drying laundry indoors were also significantly related to the symptoms.","PeriodicalId":89177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the human-environment system","volume":"66 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67429249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of Regional Body Surface Area Covered by Clothing","authors":"Joo-Young Lee, Jeongwha Choi","doi":"10.1618/JHES.12.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1618/JHES.12.35","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed to present body surface area covered by clothing (Acov) based on directly measured regional body surface area (RBSA). A total of 34 males and 31 females participated as subjects. Whole body surface area (BSA) for the 65 subjects was directly measured with a coating method using alginate. The whole BSA was demarcated into 142 body regions based on anthropometrical standard points and circumferences. The average values for 34 males and 31 females were presented as a representative Acov for each body region. A total of 70 and 100 garment drawings illustrating each Acov were presented for male and female, respectively. The Acov presented in this study are more valid than Acov estimated by photometric methods, because the Acov of the present study was based on the directly measured RBSA. Also, comprehensive combinations can be obtained by the sum or subtraction of the segmented Acov which are presented in this study. From a practical viewpoint it is more useful to present the segmented Acov than presenting the Acov of typical clothing ensembles, because the segmented Acov enable researchers to combine the particular type of clothing which is given to the research team. Further, we observed that the surface area of ‘a palm’ had a mean of approximately 1% of total BSA. The ‘1%-Palm Print’ can be applied for the quick and convenient estimation of RBSA in the monitoring stage of exposure assessment as a rough approximation.","PeriodicalId":89177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the human-environment system","volume":"12 1","pages":"35-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1618/JHES.12.35","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67429084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: The Development of the Ability to Perceive Melodies in a Noisy Environment [J. Human-Environ. System 11(1): 59-63 (2008)]","authors":"V. Ciocca, Patricia C. Fong","doi":"10.1618/JHES.11.130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1618/JHES.11.130","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the human-environment system","volume":"11 1","pages":"130-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67429148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Home-Human-Environment System and its Contribution to Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions Reduction","authors":"D. Moschandreas, M. Kwiecień","doi":"10.1618/JHES.11.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1618/JHES.11.103","url":null,"abstract":"Global warming by way of CO2 emissions is a complex system of societal values, technological means and environmental requirements. Conventionally, the ordinary citizen responds to global warming with the indirect method of societal response to problems by authorizing others to take care of “our” problem and supporting experts, scientists and community advocates to address it. This paper proposes to use the direct method, which focuses on individual response and endeavors to show that in certain cases action by many individuals in addition to the few experts will promote environmental solutions pro-actively and efficiently. This study provides details of the method and applies it in an effort to reverse an undeniable energy wasting feature of daily home routine: energy consumed because home occupants do not turn out lights in unoccupied rooms.A three stage study was performed. The first stage of the study used information from a preliminary survey to determine the sample size required to assess the energy wasted and CO2 emitted when occupants leave lights on in unoccupied rooms. The second stage used a guide of issues to discuss with each resident; the intend of this stage is to collect pertinent data and introduce the potential use of a motion detector in homes to reduce energy waste. During the last stage and over a twelve month period two additional contacts were made with subjects who gave the investigators their telephone number and permission to discuss their follow up action. A random sample of 100 subjects established that 64 percent of urban residents leave rooms but do not turn the lights off. This home routine wastes energy and unnecessarily increases CO2 emissions. The direct method employed brief and interactive telephone conversations with a representative of each household to convince 44 percent of the families that waste energy by not turning out lights in unoccupied rooms install one or more motion sensors that stop lighting unoccupied rooms and conserve energy. The study also estimated the energy wasted and the decarbonization levels potentially accomplished under several scenarios of implementation of the proposed device in Chicago, USA. Cognizant of uncertainty increases, this study used the Chicago database to estimate energy savings and decarbonization in Illinois and the USA.All estimates of energy savings and CO2 reduction are small but measurable and are likely to increase in the near future because population growth will continue and fossil fuel use will remain the main source of energy. Subjects of this study were cognizant of the minor impact of their effort, yet 44 percent of them implemented the recommended strategy for protecting the environment. The method motivates individuals by granting them knowledge that motivates them to act and emotional satisfaction for becoming active players in reducing unnecessary energy consumption and positively affecting global conditions.","PeriodicalId":89177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the human-environment system","volume":"171 1","pages":"103-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67429049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of New Diagnosis and Treatment Facilities for Chemical Sensitivity: Construction of Full-scale Model Room and Evaluation of Air Cleanliness","authors":"Hidetomo Mikami, S. Kanke, Huaipeng Tang, S. Yokoyama","doi":"10.1618/JHES.11.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1618/JHES.11.115","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is establishment of reducing contaminant concentrations upon the construction of new diagnosis and treatment facilities of Chemical Sensitivity. In this paper we describe the results of a full-scale model experiment, which was conducted in a model room constructed at the Shinryo Corporation Research & Development Center before the construction of diagnosis and treatment facilities.Firstly we proposed new construction materials selected and/or developed for the present facilities. Secondly we designed and proposed a new HVAC system adapted for them. These facilities are equipped with special activated carbon (SAC) filter, a special outgas-free air handling unit/blower, degreasing of metallic components, no-binder HEPA filter and inorganic joint sealant. In addition both new chemical concentration monitoring and control system were developed for the new facilities. Finally cleanliness assessment of the model room was conducted by using Non-Methane Hydro Carbons (NMHC), Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and particulate matter (PM). It was indicated that concentration levels of all three subject materials were extremely low in a model room and the present proposals were usable for the construction of new diagnosis and treatment facilities of Chemical Sensitivity.","PeriodicalId":89177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the human-environment system","volume":"11 1","pages":"115-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67429060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Water Turnover Rate between Female Soft Tennis Players and Age-matched Sedentary Individuals during Extensive Summer Training*","authors":"S. Horiuchi, M. Miyazaki, A. Tsuda, E. Watanabe, S. Igawa","doi":"10.1618/JHES.11.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1618/JHES.11.123","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to determine the water loss in soft tennis players due to prolonged training in a hot environment. Water turnover (WT) was measured from the elimination rates of deuterium oxide in 8 female collegiate soft tennis players (tennis group; TG) and 6 sedentary age-matched individuals (sedentary group; SG). The TG completed, on average, 4 h of training per day during 7 days of WT measurement. The mean ambient temperature during training averaged 31.3°C. The WT of the SG was measured during a 14-day-period when they did not exercise regularly. Mean (standard deviation) of WT in the TG was 5.1 (0.7) L per day, which was almost two times faster than that in the SG [2.5 (0.7) L/day]. Even when expressed relative to body mass or as a percentage of total body water (TBW), WT was still nearly two times faster in the TG [99.2 (15.2) mL/kg and 16.0 (2.0) %TBW] than in the SG [46.9 (14.9) mL/kg and 8.7 (3.0) %TBW]. WT values in the TG were among the highest reported ever. These results suggest that the water demand of soft tennis players during extensive summer training is tremendous, and optimal strategies to maintain hydration are required.","PeriodicalId":89177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the human-environment system","volume":"11 1","pages":"123-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67429094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Air Distribution Index as an Indicator for Energy Consumption and Performance of Ventilation Systems","authors":"T. Karimipanah, H. Awbi, B. Moshfegh","doi":"10.1618/JHES.11.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1618/JHES.11.77","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the energy consumption and the evaluation of the performance of air supply systems for a ventilated room involving high- and low-level supplies. The energy performance assessment is based on the airflow rate, which is related to the fan power consumption by achieving the same environmental quality performance for each case. Four different ventilation systems are considered: wall displacement ventilation, confluent jets ventilation, impinging jet ventilation and a high level mixing ventilation system. The ventilation performance of these systems will be examined by means of achieving the same Air Distribution Index (ADI) for different cases.The widely used high-level supplies require much more fan power than those for low-level supplies for achieving the same value of ADI. In addition, the supply velocity, hence the supply dynamic pressure, for a high-level supply is much larger than for low-level supplies. This further increases the power consumption for high-level supply systems.The paper considers these factors and attempts to provide some guidelines on the difference in the energy consumption associated with high and low level air supply systems. This will be useful information for designers and to the authors' knowledge there is a lack of information available in the literature on this area of room air distribution.The energy performance of the above-mentioned ventilation systems has been evaluated on the basis of the fan power consumed which is related to the airflow rate required to provide equivalent indoor environment. The Air Distribution Index (ADI) is used to evaluate the indoor environment produced in the room by the ventilation strategy being used. The results reveal that mixing ventilation requires the highest fan power and the confluent jets ventilation needs the lowest fan power in order to achieve nearly the same value of ADI.","PeriodicalId":89177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the human-environment system","volume":"11 1","pages":"77-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1618/JHES.11.77","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67428967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Speaking Environment on Speech Production and Perception.","authors":"Peter Howell","doi":"10.1618/jhes.11.51","DOIUrl":"10.1618/jhes.11.51","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Environments affect speaking and listening performance. This contribution reviews some of the main ways in which all sounds are affected by the environment they propagate into. These influences are used to assess how environments affect speakers and listeners. The article concludes with a brief consideration of factors that designers may wish to take into account to address the effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":89177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the human-environment system","volume":"11 1","pages":"51-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3024543/pdf/ukmss-1601.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29619538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban Surfaces and Heat Island Mitigation Potentials","authors":"H. Akbari, L. S. Rose","doi":"10.1618/JHES.11.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1618/JHES.11.85","url":null,"abstract":"Data on materials and surface types that comprise a city, i.e. urban fabric, are needed in order to estimate the effects of light-colored surfaces (roofs and pavements) and urban vegetation (trees, grass, shrubs) on the meteorology and air quality of a city. We discuss the results of a semi-automatic statistical approach used to develop data on surface-type distribution and urban-fabric makeup using aerial color orthophotography, for four metropolitan areas of Chicago, IL, Houston, TX, Sacramento, CA, and Salt Lake City, UT. The digital high resolution (0.3 to 0.5-m) aerial photographs for each of these metropolitan areas covers representative urban areas ranging from 30 km{sup 2} to 52 km{sup 2}. Major land-use types examined included: commercial, residential, industrial, educational, and transportation. On average, for the metropolitan areas studied, vegetation covers about 29-41% of the area, roofs 19-25%, and paved surfaces 29-39%. For the most part, trees shade streets, parking lots, grass, and sidewalks. At ground level, i.e., view from below the tree canopies, vegetation covers about 20-37% of the area, roofs 20-25%, and paved surfaces 29-36%.","PeriodicalId":89177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the human-environment system","volume":"11 1","pages":"85-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1618/JHES.11.85","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67429237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}