Journal of the human-environment system最新文献

{"title":"Different Impacts of Normobaric/Hypobaric Hypoxia on Physiological and Subjective Responses at a Cold Environment","authors":"T. Fukazawa, Y. Tochihara, Yuki Takahara","doi":"10.1618/JHES.16.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1618/JHES.16.011","url":null,"abstract":"Impacts of normobaric/hypobaric hypoxia on physiological and subjective responses were examined in resting eight healthy young males at a low environmental temperature of 17 °C. They were exposed to the sea level maintained at 27 °C as baseline and then to the three experimental conditions which were combination of barometric (Pe) and partial oxygen (O2) pressures; normobaric hypoxia (NH, Pe= 760 mmHg and O2= 87 mmHg), hypobaric hypoxia (HH, Pe= 418 mmHg and O2= 87 mmHg), and normobaric normoxia (Control, Pe= 760 mmHg and O2= 159 mmHg). Temperatures of rectum (Tre) and 10 sites of skin surface (Tsk), oxygen consumption were measured. Finger-tapping test was performed to assess manual performance. Thermal sensation and subjective shivering activity were also evaluated. A significant difference in the Tre was not seen during exposure to the aimed test condition. On the other hand, a significant difference in the Tsk was observed, the Tsks in both the HH (28.5 ± 0.6 °C) and the NH (27.8 ± 0.5 °C) indicated higher value than that in the Control (27.2 ± 0.7 °C). Despite of larger temperature differences between the Tsk and the environment in the HH and the NH, the heat loss from the body in the HH (87 ± 23 W/m2) was significantly smaller than that in the NH (105 ± 19 W/m2). This is because the convective thermal resistance from the body increases with the decreasing atmospheric pressure so that the convective thermal resistance in the HH was larger than that in the NH. As the consequence, decline in the manual performance was suppressed in the HH and voted score of the subjective shivering was also statistically higher in the HH than in the NH, even though the O2 in air was identically kept at the low level in both the HH and the NH.","PeriodicalId":89177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the human-environment system","volume":"16 1","pages":"011-019"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1618/JHES.16.011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67430113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of monochromatic light on muscle fatigue and its recovery","authors":"Jinghua Huang, Y. Shimomura, T. Katsuura","doi":"10.1618/JHES.16.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1618/JHES.16.001","url":null,"abstract":"The present research was designed to examine whether monochromatic light exposure influences muscle strength output and muscle recovery after fatigue. Six male subjects performed a muscle fatigue task involving maximum voluntary abduction of the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle in three sessions with 40 repetitions and test contractions of the FDI muscle with 8 repetitions during 30 min to assess recovery progress. Subjects also reported their general arousal level and mood state. There were four monochromatic light conditions in the present study, and we standardized measurement units of the light power as illuminance (red, green and blue I) and irradiance (red and blue II). We found that the root mean square (RMS) of the electromyogram (EMG) of FDI was significantly decreased during the muscle fatigue task, and it then increased during recovery. However, no significant difference was found among the four light conditions. The median frequency (MDF) of the EMG signal decreased significantly under the red light condition compared to that under the blue II light condition from the 15 min after completion of the muscle fatigue task to the end of recovery. Furthermore, the alpha wave band power ratio of the electroencephalogram (EEG) was found to be significantly increased during recovery under the red light condition. These results indicate that the short wavelength light (blue) may facilitate the recovery from muscle fatigue better than does the long wavelength light (red), and the long wavelength light decreases the arousal level of the cerebral cortex after a high-intensity muscle activity. The present study proposes a novel view of the research into monochromatic light effects on muscle activities.","PeriodicalId":89177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the human-environment system","volume":"14 1","pages":"001-009"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1618/JHES.16.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67430105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Effects of Wavelength and Intensity of Monochromatic Light on Cardiovascular Responses during Task and in Recovery Periods","authors":"Yali Xia, Y. Shimomura, T. Katsuura","doi":"10.1618/JHES.14.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1618/JHES.14.41","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the human-environment system","volume":"14 1","pages":"41-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67430254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Room Temperature on Physiological and Subjective Responses to Bathing in the Elderly","authors":"Y. Tochihara, N. Hashiguchi, Ikuko Yadoguchi, Y. Kaji, S. Shoyama","doi":"10.1618/JHES.15.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1618/JHES.15.13","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of room temperature on physiological and subjective responses to bathing in the elderly and the young. Dressing room temperatures were 10, 15, 20 and 25 °C (50%RH). Eight healthy young and eight elderly males stayed in the dressing room for 5 minutes, and bathed to a water temperature of 40°C for 8 minutes. After bathing, the subjects were exposed to the dressing room for 10 minutes. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), skin temperatures and thermal sensation were measured before, during and after bathing. In the dressing room, mean skin temperatures of the elderly at 10 and 15 °C were significantly higher than the young, and the elderly did not complain of the cold in the dressing room or of the hot water as much as the young did. SBPs of the elderly at 10, 15 and 20°C showed significantly greater increase before and after bathing. On the other hand, there were small increases in SBPs for the young only at 10 and 15°C. The decreases in SBP of the elderly during bathing were significantly greater than those in the young, especially in a colder dressing room. These physiological and subjective responses during winter bathing put the elderly at high risk of serious complications which lead to drowning in bathrooms. It is recommended that minimum bathroom and dressing room temperatures be higher for the elderly than the young, and between 20 and 25°C.","PeriodicalId":89177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the human-environment system","volume":"15 1","pages":"13-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67430054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on Building Energy Consumption and Sustainability Development in China —Heating Energy Consumption and Related Policies in North China","authors":"Lei Xu, Jian Zhang","doi":"10.1618/JHES.15.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1618/JHES.15.31","url":null,"abstract":"China’s building energy consumption increased 2.5 times from 1996 to 2008, and it accounts for about 23% of the total energy consumption in the whole country. The energy consumption in the cities and towns in North China reaches nearly 4.5EJ, which is about 25% of the total energy consumption in buildings. District heating system is the most popular, with the heating floor area of about 7.5 billion m 2 . The co-generation system and the central boiler system are often used. These days the government pays much more attention to building energy saving, and the related policies and financial support for the promotion of renewable energy resources. In many cities, some small boilers have been replaced by the ground source heat pumps. In this paper the investigation of some geothermal heat pump plants in Shenyang is also introduced.","PeriodicalId":89177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the human-environment system","volume":"15 1","pages":"31-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1618/JHES.15.31","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67430071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Monochromatic Light on Different Time Perception","authors":"Jinghua Huang, Y. Shimomura, T. Katsuura","doi":"10.1618/JHES.15.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1618/JHES.15.21","url":null,"abstract":"Time is a fundamental dimension of life. Previous studies reported that time perception is affected by several physiological and psychological factors (age, gender, time of day, flickering stimulus, etc). Light exerts visual and non-visual effects with respect to biological rhythms. However, it has not been confirmed that perception of the passage of time could be affected by the light environment. In this study, we investigated the physiological and psychological responses when subjects were exposed to different monochromatic light environments (there were four conditions of light intensity that varied by illuminance and irradiance). We evaluated the time sense by time tests of 180 s and 600 s. The results showed that the time sense runs significantly faster in a red light condition than in any other monochromatic light condition (green, blue Ⅰ and blue Ⅱ which is approximate half irradiance compared with blue Ⅰ ) in a 180-s time production task. However, in the 600-s estimation time task, the time sense tended to be significantly faster in the red light condition than in the blue Ⅰ or blue Ⅱ light conditions, and in the green light condition the time sense ran significantly faster than in the blue Ⅰ light condition. There was no significant difference in color factor in P300 which is one of evoked potential components measured with electroencephalography (EEG), however, a significant trend was found in amplitudes of P300, which showed that the cognitive level tended to be high in the blue Ⅱ light condition. The EEG alpha wave amplitude significantly increased in the green light condition compared to the amplitude in the blue Ⅰ light condition. The results of SDPTG which is an index of autonomic nervous system measured with photoplethysmography (PPG), in which there was a significant trend to be faster in the blue Ⅰ light condition than in the green or blue Ⅱ light conditions, showed that blue light might have a sympathomimetic effect. There was no significant difference in color factor in the subjective assessments, except the subjects felt more eyestrain in the blue Ⅱ than in the red light condition. These results indicate that the perception of the passage of time ran faster in the red-light than in the other light conditions. We suggest that red light has an active effect in a short time interval through the visual processing pathway and decays with time. The blue light seems to have a sustained effect on the central nervous system, but people may not be responsive to a short time interval exposure to blue light.","PeriodicalId":89177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the human-environment system","volume":"15 1","pages":"21-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1618/JHES.15.21","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67430062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal Improvements of the Traditional Houses in Nepal for the Sustainable Building Design","authors":"H. Rijal","doi":"10.1618/JHES.15.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1618/JHES.15.1","url":null,"abstract":"The traditional architecture could be one of the key issues for sustainable building design for different climates and cultures. They are well matched and adapted to the climates and cultures by using local building materials and techniques. However, traditional forms of architecture are decreasing dramatically, being replaced by artificial materials, modern designs and alien technology. We need strong policies and sound research to sustain the concepts and practicalities of traditional architecture. Thus, in this study, we will discuss the thermal environment and improvements of traditional houses in Nepal by relating these to the thermal comfort, firewood consumption and indoor air quality.","PeriodicalId":89177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the human-environment system","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1618/JHES.15.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67430045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Post-hoc Analysis of the Combined Effect of Multiple Environmental Factors in Daylighting Design","authors":"M. Boubekri, Na Wang","doi":"10.1618/JHES.14.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1618/JHES.14.49","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the human-environment system","volume":"14 1","pages":"49-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67429989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Regional Heating by Heated Seat in Vehicles on Thermal Sensation at 15°C","authors":"Hajime Oi, K. Tabata, Y. Naka, Y. Tochihara","doi":"10.1618/JHES.14.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1618/JHES.14.31","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the human-environment system","volume":"14 1","pages":"31-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67430240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Children's Thermal Sensation in an Outdoor Swimming Pool during Swimming Class","authors":"Hitoshi Wakabayashi, Seiji Arai, Y. Sengoku, K. Kaneda, D. Sato, T. Nomura, Y. Tochihara","doi":"10.1618/JHES.14.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1618/JHES.14.1","url":null,"abstract":"During exercise in water children's body temperature are especially likely to be affected by a cold water environment because of their morphological characteristic. There is a lack of information about the recommended environmental condition for elementary school swimming classes based on scientific objective data. This study investigated multiple effects of the environmental condition, morphological characteristics, and swimwear condition on children's thermal sensation during an elementary school swimming class. The sixth-grade elementary school children (n=68) participated in a swimming class conducted in the outdoor pool eight times. They wore a normal swimsuit or a partial coverage wetsuit. During the swimming class, water temperature and ambient temperature were continuously measured. children's thermal sensation was asked at the poolside immediately after each swimming class. Multiple regression analysis was performed to make an estimation equation of children's thermal sensation. The equations contain three predictors of water temperature, swimwear condition, and their morphological characteristics. The result of standardized regression coefficients indicated that, water temperature was the greatest contributor to their thermal sensation, followed by the swimwear condition, and morphological characteristics. On the basis of the analysis, presumably the thermal effect of a partial coverage wetsuit was equivalent to the increase of water temperature by 2.1°C and it makes children feel warmer thermal sensation. Additionally, the thermally comfortable area was indicated as the relationship between water temperature and children's morphological characteristics for each swimwear condition.","PeriodicalId":89177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the human-environment system","volume":"14 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67429385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}