Journal of the human-environment system最新文献

{"title":"Influence of temperature and humidity of ambient air on sensation of dryness during respiration","authors":"S. Takada","doi":"10.1618/jhes.23.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1618/jhes.23.31","url":null,"abstract":"To create an optimal indoor thermal environment, it is necessary to identify the environmental conditions that cause a sensation of dryness. Dryness is experienced in various parts of the human body such as the nose, mouth, throat, eyes, and skin: this study focuses on dryness in the airway. The relationship between the sensation of dryness and environmental factors such as the ambient air temperature and humidity (vapor pressure) was analyzed based on experiments performed on four subjects. This study analyzed the sensation of dryness experienced in six parts along the respiratory tract and the temperature of air inhaled/ exhaled at the airway aperture of each of the four subjects under different conditions of humidity and temperature maintained in an artificial climate chamber. The route of respiration was restricted to the nose or the mouth by blocking the other aperture. The experimental results revealed that the temperature of exhaled air was lower and the sensations of dryness in the nose, mouth, and throat were more intense in the case of low humidity under a constant temperature. These results suggest that an increase in the evaporation rate in the airway may cause a sensation of dryness. Further, the experimental results revealed that in the case of high temperature and constant vapor pressure, the sensation of dryness tended to be more intense. This suggests that higher ambient temperature increases the evaporation rate in the airway owing to the increase in the saturated vapor pressure in the inner surface of the airway.","PeriodicalId":89177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the human-environment system","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67430446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Summer clothing characteristics and indoor-outdoor thermal comfort of Japanese youth","authors":"Shaoying Hu, T. Maeda","doi":"10.1618/jhes.22.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1618/jhes.22.17","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate clothing characteristics and indoor-outdoor thermal comfort of Japanese youth for an air-conditioned room in summer. A field investigation was conducted on the clothing and thermal comfort of 90 participants in Fukuoka, Japan. The main results concerning clothing were that six and five summer clothing types constituted typical summer ensembles for males and females, respectively; there was some stability in clothing characteristics over time. Concerning thermal feelings, females felt cooler or colder and felt more airflow in the room compared with males. Females also felt that conditions were significantly more comfortable and tolerable, and with less airflow, outside and were more sensitive to perceived the local differences. Males tended to adapt to the indoor environment more easily, but had difficulty in perceiving local differences in thermal feelings. Concerning the relationships between clothing and thermal feelings, the local thermal sensation was affected by the clothing conditions of different body parts and the humidity feeling was affected by clothing insulation, especially for males. Accordingly, stability, relationships, gender and local differences should be taken into account in the design solutions for summer clothing and living environments.","PeriodicalId":89177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the human-environment system","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44822246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Air Temperature Step Changes on Thermal Perception and Perceived Arousal in an Actual Environment under Hot-Humid Climate Conditions","authors":"Etika Vidyarini, T. Maeda","doi":"10.1618/jhes.22.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1618/jhes.22.7","url":null,"abstract":"The use of air-conditioning in offices located in hot-humid regions creates differences between indoor and outdoor air temperatures. Previous studies, which focused on artificial environments, found that air temperature step changes affect human thermal sensations and comfort. However, their effect on workers’ perceived arousal has been rarely discussed. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effects of air temperature step changes (both up-step and down-step) on thermal perception and perceived arousal. Thirty-seven workers from two offices in Jakarta responded to a rating scale questionnaire about thermal perception that covered the following sub-topics: overall and local thermal sensations, thermal comfort, satisfaction, adjustment, and perceived arousal (i.e., alertness, freshness, and concentration) during working time. Air temperature and relative humidity around the subjects were recorded every 5 minutes by a data logger, from 10:00 to 17:00. During lunch time, the subjects walked to a nearby restaurant, exposing themselves to non-shaded outdoor temperature before returning to the office. Office A workers experienced larger temperature changes than Office B workers. Indoor and outdoor temperatures of Office A were 22.9 °C and 32.1 °C, respectively, whereas, for Office B they were 24.2 °C and 29.5 °C, respectively. Perceived arousal decreased significantly in Office A after the workers experienced the change in air temperature. However, no significant difference in perceived arousal was registered in Office B, likely due to a larger gap between indoor and outdoor air temperatures in the case of Office A. The data of just before and after the temperature step changes were analyzed: no negative correlations were found between changes in the overall thermal sensation and alertness ( p < 0.05), freshness ( p < 0.05), or concentration ( p < 0.01). Therefore, warm sensations after the air temperature changes, associated with a hysteresis effect, should have lowered the perceived arousal. Our findings suggest that thermal perception and perceived arousal are altered by relatively large changes in air temperature. These changes are determined not only by the range of air temperature steps, but also by the air temperature experienced previously. In addition, mild air temperature changes in the actual environment, combined with exercise, food intake, and direct radiation exposure, induced warmer thermal sensations than those simulated through laboratory experiments.","PeriodicalId":89177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the human-environment system","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48306704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Over views of the researches on indoor environmental comforts effected by IAQ","authors":"Koichi Ikeda","doi":"10.1618/jhes.22.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1618/jhes.22.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the human-environment system","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67430844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring Odor Threshold Using a Simplified Olfactory Measurement Method","authors":"Sayuri Daikoku, M. Mitsuda, Toshimi Tanamura, Kazuhisa Uchiyama","doi":"10.1618/JHES.21.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1618/JHES.21.1","url":null,"abstract":"This study used the Simplified Olfactory Measurement Method to clarify the fundamental characteristics of substances with offensive odors present in human living environments and to measure the odor detection threshold of these substances, which have relatively high boiling points and high molecular weights. Results showed that propanoic acid was the highest in those substances, with an odor threshold of 49 ppb, and phenylacetic acid was the lowest in those substances, with an odor threshold of 2.4×10 -6 ppb. Although there was a gap between the Simplified Olfactory Measurement Method and the Triangle Odor Bag Method, the former still fell in the range of thresholds that can occur between panels. Furthermore, the threshold for the relationship between thresholds of straight-chain fatty acids and molecular carbon numbers gradually decreased for carbon numbers from three to five and increased again in six. That trend resembles the result of the Triangle Odor Bag Method.","PeriodicalId":89177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the human-environment system","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1618/JHES.21.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67430808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the quantitative evaluation method of SVOC in a vehicle cabin using the passive method","authors":"Tatsu Kouichi, Toshiyuki Naito, M. Tokumura, K. Hoshino, Takahiro Iwasaki, H. Jinno, S. Usui, Akihiro Nagao","doi":"10.1618/JHES.20.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1618/JHES.20.11","url":null,"abstract":"In order to lower vehicle interior VOC concentration, Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association (JAMA) is announced self-imposed control of vehicle interior VOC concentration. Although high boiling point substances, such as phthalate ester, are contained in the substances for self-imposed control, these quantity boiling point substances are difficult to measure with sufficient accuracy in the collection by the conventional tube (Tenax-TA). In this research, we studied the plate material suitable for adsorbing SVOC. Solvent extraction method was found to be suitable for desorption method of SVOC adsorbed on plate. Quartz plate was the best for SVOC adsorption performance on plate and desorption performance of SVOC adsorbed on plate. In the actual vehicle measurement, DOA and DEHP were able to detect more efficiently than conventional active sampling.","PeriodicalId":89177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the human-environment system","volume":"42 1","pages":"11-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1618/JHES.20.11","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67430803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current knowledge on the effects of humidity on physiological and psychological responses","authors":"N. Kakitsuba","doi":"10.1618/JHES.20.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1618/JHES.20.1","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces current knowledge on the effects of humidity on physiological and psychological responses. Reviewing this topic is quite challenging, for two reasons. The first is the fact that humidity is not an independent variable, but a dependent one. Since humidity is strongly associated with temperature, the effect of humidity per se may not be clearly defined. The second reason is that the physiological and psychological impacts of humidity have brought attention to various research fields related to human comfort and health, and knowledge has thus been accumulated from various disciplines. To arrange vast amounts of information, therefore, limitations on the scope are required before introduction. This paper investigated four different research fields: thermal physiology; exercise physiology; hygiene; and dermatology. Selected papers were then introduced chronologically to confirm current knowledge in each research field. From the perspective of exercise physiology, the magnitude of heat stress during exercise in hot and humid environments appears to be clearly estimable from the current knowledge. From the perspective of hygiene, inspired gas conditioned to core temperature and fully saturated with water would provide the optimal condition for mucosal health and function. In terms of dermatology, properties of the stratum corneum appear to have been fully clarified, and water diffusion through the skin can be properly estimated from current knowledge. With thermal physiology and engineering related to indoor environments, current knowledge may be sufficient to provide optimal thermal environments in consideration of effect of humidity. However, discrepancies between physiological and psychological responses and large individual differences in psychological responses to variations in relative humidity have not yet been resolved, due probably to unknown mechanisms in the perception of humidity without specific receptors within the skin. Such issues may require further studies in all research fields related to human comfort and health.","PeriodicalId":89177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the human-environment system","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1618/JHES.20.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67430735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement Method for the Solar Absorptance of a Standing Clothed Human Body","authors":"Shinichi Watanabe, Jin Ishii","doi":"10.1618/JHES.19.049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1618/JHES.19.049","url":null,"abstract":"Solar radiation is one of the most important components of the human–energy balance outdoors. To assess outdoor thermal comfort accurately, quantification of the solar absorptance of a clothed human body is needed. A measurement method using subjects lying on a horizontal roof surface was proposed in a previous study. However, this method only provided solar absorptance for the front side of the human body. Therefore, this study aims to establish a method of measurement of the solar absorptance of a standing clothed subject to determine the solar absorptance in any direction. Measurements were performed in September 2012 at Daido University in Nagoya, Japan. Four male and four female Japanese college-aged subjects participated in the experiments. Four clothing ensembles of a black shirt and black trousers (B-B), a black shirt and white trousers (B-W), a white shirt and black trousers (W-B), and a white shirt and white trousers (W-W) were tested for male subjects. Two clothing conditions of a black one-piece dress (Black) and a white one (White) were tested for female subjects. All subjects participated in an additional condition with their casual clothing ensembles. The following findings were obtained through the measurements. For the male subjects, the solar absorptance of the black shirt and black trousers ensemble (B-B) had the maximum value of 0.77. Meanwhile, the white shirt and white trousers ensemble (W-W) provided the minimum solar absorptance of 0.48. For the female subjects, the solar absorptances of the black and white one-piece dresses were 0.74 and 0.44, respectively. The solar absorptances of casual clothing were 0.61 and 0.59 for male and female subjects, respectively. The measurement method using the standing subject used in this study was appropriate for determining the solar absorptances of the clothed human body. Furthermore, this method was able to quantify the solar absorptance in several directions as well as for the front side of the subject.","PeriodicalId":89177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the human-environment system","volume":"19 1","pages":"049-055"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67430699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moisture Research in the Field of Architecture, Japan","authors":"S. Hokoi","doi":"10.1618/JHES.19.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1618/JHES.19.035","url":null,"abstract":"There are many moisture-related problems and topics in the field of buildings. In this review, the past research trend in the field of moisture in Japan is first overviewed by examining the activities reported in the AIJ symposium on thermal environment. The theme of the symposium held every 10 years indicates the research trend, i.e., the research until the year 1990 established the theoretical basis of heat and moisture transfer; then, until the year 2000, the established theory was developed to be applied in practice, and until the year 2010 the results obtained so far were presented to a wide range of occupants and end users. The indoor humidity and the accompanying problems are closely related to the fact that most of the materials constituting the building are porous, and thus absorb water vapor. Therefore, the important topics of moisture research emphasizing the heat and moisture transfer in porous building materials are described, i.e., heat and moisture transfer in porous material and method of analysis, condensation and mitigation of humidity change, freezing-thawing, mold and wood-rotting fungi, health and comfort, conservation of cultural properties, etc. Finally, the challenges and prospects are presented.","PeriodicalId":89177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the human-environment system","volume":"19 1","pages":"035-047"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67430692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate and Clothing","authors":"T. Tamura","doi":"10.1618/JHES.19.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1618/JHES.19.001","url":null,"abstract":"Clothing is a portable micro-environment of the human body. This paper confirms how effective clothing is a tool for the human body to adapt to various climates on the earth from cold to hot. First of all, from a spatial stand point, the relationship between climate and the characteristics of folk costumes throughout the world, and from a perspective of time, the seasonal changes in Japanese clothing culture (koromogae) were briefly summarized. Then, the methods and the results through four different approaches which have conducted in our laboratory in order to develop the functional, climate adaptable and comfortable clothing were introduced. In the behavioral approach on climatic adaptability based on clothing, the dressing behavior of urban residents was examined with a fixed-point observation method using photography in order to survey the connection between clothing and climate in modern society. In the physical approach, the development of thermal/sweating thermal manikins in our laboratory and the evaluation of Cool-Biz products developed by fiber/apparel companies using a sweating thermal manikin “JUN” were introduced. In the physiological approach to develop climate adaptable clothing, physiological basic data on the human body in different climates, especially a distribution of skin temperature and sweating rate over the skin surface were described. In the psychological approach, local thermal sensation and humid sensation over the skin surface were examined and the research methods and the results obtained were briefly introduced.","PeriodicalId":89177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the human-environment system","volume":"19 1","pages":"001-011"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1618/JHES.19.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67430394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}