Emily N. Covington-Guillory, T. Madison, Caryn Winters
{"title":"A Thematic Analysis of Enhancing Constructive Political Conflict Using Positive Imagined Interactions","authors":"Emily N. Covington-Guillory, T. Madison, Caryn Winters","doi":"10.1177/02762366231213997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02762366231213997","url":null,"abstract":"This narrative inquiry aimed to investigate whether the deliberate use of positive imagined interactions (IIs) could contribute to the enhancement of cross-cutting political conflict, and also tested the seventh theorem of II conflict linkage theory. Undergraduate student participants were assigned to one of three conditions: positive II, negative II, or control in a three-phase procedure. Participants engaged in an II and then reflected on their IIs through open-ended questions before having real cross-cutting conversations on a political topic of their choice with trained confederates. Participants then completed a questionnaire assessing the constructiveness or destructiveness of their interaction. Thematic analysis revealed that 40 out of the 45 total participants engaged in positive and constructive conflict with their conversation partners. Positive IIs facilitated perspective-taking, while negative IIs allowed individuals to mentally defend their beliefs. Although the results neither confirmed nor refuted Theorem 7 of II conflict linkage theory, they did provide support for Theorem 3, which suggests that negative intrusive IIs can manifest even when individuals attempt to have positive IIs.","PeriodicalId":89150,"journal":{"name":"Imagination, cognition and personality","volume":"8 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139259059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laura Schmidt, Sophie Schlatter, Ursula Debarnot, Bianca A. Simonsmeier, Aymeric Guillot
{"title":"Towards a More Individualised Practice of Motor Imagery: The Additional Value of the Personality Dimension Extraversion","authors":"Laura Schmidt, Sophie Schlatter, Ursula Debarnot, Bianca A. Simonsmeier, Aymeric Guillot","doi":"10.1177/02762366231205579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02762366231205579","url":null,"abstract":"Motor imagery (MI) training is used to improve motor performance in both patients and athletes. The putative link between personality and MI remains however largely underexplored. In this pilot study, 72 sports students performed MI and physical execution of a finger pointing task. MI ability was assessed through the mental chronometry paradigm that captured the temporal components of imagery, as well as self-report measures of imagery vividness and imagery ease. Personality dimensions were assessed with the five-factor model. Extraversion was found to be significantly correlated with MI ability as measured with mental chronometry ( r = .37, p = .001) but not with imagery vividness ( r = −.08, p = .481) or imagery ease ( r = −.04, p = .741). The other personality dimensions were unrelated to MI ability (all p > .05). Based on these findings, we postulate that extravert individuals may have an advantage in controlling and maintaining the temporal aspect of mental movements. This may help extraverts to better benefit from imagery training.","PeriodicalId":89150,"journal":{"name":"Imagination, cognition and personality","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135112700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
James M. Honeycutt, Keith D. Markman, Amedeo D’Angiulli
{"title":"Editor's Statement","authors":"James M. Honeycutt, Keith D. Markman, Amedeo D’Angiulli","doi":"10.1177/02762366231210500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02762366231210500","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89150,"journal":{"name":"Imagination, cognition and personality","volume":"387 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135780263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
James M. Honeycutt, Keith D. Markman, Amedeo D’Angiulli
{"title":"Editor's Statement","authors":"James M. Honeycutt, Keith D. Markman, Amedeo D’Angiulli","doi":"10.1177/02762366231196932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02762366231196932","url":null,"abstract":"Welcome to our fall issue for Volume 43, Issue 1. This issue contains five insightful studies that examine disassociation, mental boundaries and the association between self-esteem and social support, regulation of emotions in terms of detachment, behavioral inhibition, and spontaneous use of temperament as well as psychopathology and fluid intelligence in the form of openness to experience. The first study is by Craig Polizzi, Damla Ece Aksen, Fiona Sleight, and Steven Jay Lynn. They discuss how dissociation is characterized by interruptions in consciousness, behavior, body representation, emotion, identity, memory, motor control, and perception as noted by the American Psychiatric Association. They use Lynn and his associate’s model of dissociation that contains variables including sleep disturbances, emotional dysregulation, mindfulness, interoceptive awareness, and impulsivity as well as schizotypy (i.e., magical ideation) and borderline personality disorder. They sample over 350 respondents and using a series of regression analyses, report the association among dissociation dimensions (e.g., depersonalization, amnesia, absorption) and cognitive variables (i.e., fantasy proneness, cognitive failures, thought control). The correlations between dissociation and trauma-related variables (e.g., PTSD, resilience) are especially interesting. They report on indirect effects on dissociation for sleep, cognitive failures, and fantasy proneness. Findings are discussed in terms of how Lynn’s transdiagnostic model is reinforced and how multivariate studies advance understanding of dissociative disorders. The second study examines mental boundaries in association with self-esteem and social support. It is conducted by John Mathe and William Kelly. Their study is based on the work of Ernest Hartman who distinguished between thick and thin boundaries. Thick boundaries are characterized by black/white thinking and have more difficulty in seeing shades of gray. They have a solid physical boundary and a clear social connection to others in a group. Conversely, Individuals with thin boundaries are the opposite and do not have a strong sense of physical space and feel they fit in many groups and lack a clear connection to others. This study is the first to examine the association with self esteem and social support. In a sample of over 295 respondents, they use Hartmann’s Boundary Questionnaire and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale. Editorial","PeriodicalId":89150,"journal":{"name":"Imagination, cognition and personality","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135553420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Conscientiousness Predicts Performance on the Stroop Task but Not Other Attentional Control Tasks in Older and Younger Adults","authors":"Mark J. Huff, Matthew R. Gretz, Lucas A. Keefer","doi":"10.1177/02762366231191108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02762366231191108","url":null,"abstract":"The current study examined the relationships between attentional control (AC) and the Big Five personality traits. Older and younger adults ( Mage = 38.62 years; Range = 18–90) completed a battery of behavioral attention tasks consisting of Stroop color naming, antisaccade, and operation span, which were designed to assess inhibition, goal maintenance, and working memory processes as a comprehensive assessment of AC. Participants then completed a set of personality scales including the NEO-FFI short form. Regression analyses revealed that Big Five personality scores were not related to the AC composite, but individual task relationships were found. Specifically, participants reporting greater Conscientiousness showed improved Stroop performance, but a Conscientiousness benefit did not extend to the other AC measures. No relationships emerged between other Big Five traits and AC. This work suggests potential cognitive benefits for Conscientiousness in older and younger adults and highlights a fruitful integration of personality and basic cognitive processes.","PeriodicalId":89150,"journal":{"name":"Imagination, cognition and personality","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46126626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Up, Up, and Away: Individual Differences in Imaginative Involvement and Magical Beliefs Relate to Perceiving and Desiring Supernatural Powers","authors":"R. Webster, D. Saucier","doi":"10.1177/02762366231183626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02762366231183626","url":null,"abstract":"Human beings have relished the idea of possessing supernatural/superhuman powers for millennia. However, do some people desire such powers more than others based on specific individual differences and characteristics? We examined how individual differences in imaginative involvement (fantasy proneness, absorption) and magical beliefs (superstitiousness and religiousness) uniquely related to desire for 12 supernatural powers (final N = 143); participants also rated the supernaturalness of each power and how much they believed humans possess/will possess each power. These individual differences, as predicted, consistently correlated with the desire for supernatural powers and the belief that humans may possess these powers in the future. After controlling for sci-fi and fantasy narrative consumption, only absorption and superstitiousness (chance subscale) uniquely related to desire for supernatural powers; and only absorption uniquely predicted the belief that humans do/would possess these powers. Ultimately, there are important individual differences in desire and perception of supernatural powers.","PeriodicalId":89150,"journal":{"name":"Imagination, cognition and personality","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46519874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editor's Statement","authors":"J. M. Honeycutt, K. Markman, A. D’Angiulli","doi":"10.1177/02762366231169448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02762366231169448","url":null,"abstract":"Summer is always a welcome season for many people. Welcome to our summer issue for Volume 42, Issue 4. We have five innovative articles dealing with narrative identity and storytelling, daydreaming, divergent thinking, memory among friends and twins, and fantasies of revenge. The first pair of studies examines narrative identity in terms of understanding ourselves through storytelling. The first study authored by Alexander Wong and Shrija Dirghangi examines self-identity by examining self and other ratings. They discuss narrative identity in which individuals understand themselves through story telling. They discuss five studies reporting on the validity and reliability of a scale to determine how Big 5 personality traits are associated with narrative identity. They contrasted selfrating of identity with informant ratings. For example, it is interesting how cinematic self and informant reports are associated with extraversion while only cinematic self is negatively associated with neuroticism, but not for informants. The second study explores future projections across the lifespan. It is conducted by Alain Fritsch, Virginie Voltzenlogel, and Christine Cuervo-Lombard. They discuss how personal identity develops from adolescence through narratives. People often remember past events to ground themselves for self-development. People can be mental time travelers by projecting themselves into the future as well as reliving the past, which is linked to the episodic memory system. It is especially intriguing how future projections of young and middle-age adults were similar, yet quite different from older adults due to retirement. The third article is by Melina West, Eli Somer, and Inge-Marie Eigsti. They examine autism as it relates to maladaptive daydreaming and divergent thinking. Over 540 participants were surveyed among several social platforms (e.g., Redditt, Facebook, International Consortium for Maladaptive Daydreaming Research). Additionally, another sample was recruited via Simons Foundation Powering Autism Research for Knowledge (SPARK), an online research collaborative of participants with professional ASD diagnoses. Using partial correlational analyses and hierarchical multiple linear regression models, they examined the effect of ASD traits (daydreaming community sample only), ADHD symptoms (ASD sample only), diagnostic age (ASD sample only), and divergent thinking originality and fluency while controlling for demographic variables (age, gender, level of education, and psychiatric Editorial","PeriodicalId":89150,"journal":{"name":"Imagination, cognition and personality","volume":"42 1","pages":"331 - 332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42664270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Immersive and maladaptive daydreaming and divergent thinking in autism spectrum disorders.","authors":"Melina J West, Eli Somer, Inge-Marie Eigsti","doi":"10.1177/02762366221129819","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02762366221129819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Little is known about the internal mental experiences of individuals with ASD. While some research suggests a limited capacity for imagination, other studies show heightened interest in fantasy and unique forms of creative thinking in ASD. This study explored daydreaming experiences in adults with ASD, with a focus on immersive daydreaming and its relation to divergent thinking abilities. Individuals with and without a diagnosis of ASD were surveyed on their daydreaming habits and completed a divergent thinking task. Experiences of immersive daydreaming were identified in 42% of adults with ASD and were related to broad ASD traits in those without a diagnosis of ASD. However, ASD diagnosis was unrelated to originality of divergent thinking, which was negatively associated with immersive daydreaming. Moreover, daydreaming experiences in ASD were diverse. A more nuanced understanding of the mental experiences in ASD may assist in the development of interventions and support for this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":89150,"journal":{"name":"Imagination, cognition and personality","volume":"42 1","pages":"372-398"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10686311/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44881938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Openness to Experience, Fluid Intelligence and Secondary Psychopathology","authors":"Lynn Boustani, A. Furnham, Simmy Grover","doi":"10.1177/02762366231171534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02762366231171534","url":null,"abstract":"The present study tests the idea that individuals high on both trait Openness-to-Experience and fluid intelligence can suffer from an overactive mental state that depletes cognitive capability and leads to restless and impulsive behavior. In all, 118 participants (58 females, 59 males) were tested using the multidimensional assessment of fluid intelligence (GIA), an Open-to-Experience trait measure (HEXACO), and Levenson's secondary psychopathy questionnaire. Although analysis of variance (ANOVA) analyses revealed no interaction between Openness and fluid intelligence, an examination of the lower-order items of Openness and GIA revealed significant interactions in the female sample, particularly with esthetic appreciation. The results also suggest Openness as a unique predictor of secondary psychopathy, however the same does not hold true for fluid intelligence. The findings are discussed in relation to personnel selection procedures. Key considerations for attention capacity and activation theory are proposed. Sample size limitations are acknowledged.","PeriodicalId":89150,"journal":{"name":"Imagination, cognition and personality","volume":"43 1","pages":"83 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46053420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Internal Dialogue, Creative Potential, and Creative Achievement","authors":"A. de Rooij","doi":"10.1177/02762366231173608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02762366231173608","url":null,"abstract":"Internal dialogue, the verbal intrapersonal communication among our inner voices, characterizes and influences creative thinking. Open questions remain, however, about how individual differences in internal dialogical activity relate to creative thinking. A survey study ( N = 325) was therefore conducted to explore the correlations between individual differences in internal dialogical activity, creative potential, and creative achievement. The results showed that internal dialogical activity correlated positively with creative achievement, which can be explained by a disposition to dialogically engage with thoughts, opinions, and ideas. Internal dialogical activity also correlated positively with originality during divergent thinking, which can be explained by a disposition to experience many types of internal dialogues. Supportive internal dialogical activity positively correlated with the production of many diverse responses. No correlations were found with convergent thinking. Herewith, the present study contributes novel insight into the relationship between internal dialogical activity, creative potential, and achievement.","PeriodicalId":89150,"journal":{"name":"Imagination, cognition and personality","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46527981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}