Pathology and laboratory medicine international最新文献

{"title":"The Relationship Between eNOS Gene Expression and Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Depression","authors":"Mahsa Khosrogardi, M. Amoli","doi":"10.11648/J.PLM.20210502.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PLM.20210502.15","url":null,"abstract":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder caused by hyperglycemia which is the most common form of diabetes and causes impairment in insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Increased inflammatory elements such as eNOS can be associated with type 2 diabetes and depression. Therefore, the above study investigated the effect of eNOS gene expression on diabetes-related depression in patients with types 2 diabetes. This study is of case-control type. The participants of this study are those who referred to the diabetes outpatient clinic of Shariati Hospital. The present study was performed on 50 male and female patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and depression, and 50 type 2 diabetic patients without depression as a control group. RNA extraction from blood was performed by a unique test kit and finally, gene expression was measured using quantitative Real-Time-PCR and NanoDrop spectophotometers. The expression of nitric oxide synthase gene in patients with type 2 diabetes and depression increased compared to people with type 2 diabetes without depression, which was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Regarding the increase of this enzyme in the case group, it can be said that the concentration of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species such as Superoxide (O2-), Nitric oxide (NO) and Peroxynitric acid (HNO4) can increase in conditions such as inflammation that inhibit the body’s natural defense and antioxidant activities. The present study showed that increased eNOS expression level is associated with post-diabetes depression. Therefore, it can be a good treatment goal for type 2 diabetic patients with depression.","PeriodicalId":88950,"journal":{"name":"Pathology and laboratory medicine international","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74706836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Normobaric Hyperoxia Preconditioning on VEGF and Endostatin Levels in the Rat Stroke Model","authors":"Meisam Shah Hoseini, Pegah Sedghi Pilehroud, Mohammad Reza Bigdeli","doi":"10.11648/j.plm.20210502.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plm.20210502.13","url":null,"abstract":"Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide. It is also the second rationale of disability, after Dementia. Interestingly, pre-conditioning can have a beneficial effect on stroke that increases ischemic tolerance in tissues. In this paper, we have shown that normobaric hyperoxia (HO) protects the rat brain from ischemia injury by changing in VEGF and endostatin levels. Animals were divided into three groups: the first group was exposed to 95% oxygen for 4 hours for 6 days, the second group was in room air, and the third group was sham. MCAO-operated were subjected to 60 minutes of MCAO. After 2 days from pre-treatment and 24 hours reperfusions, neurologic deficit score (NDS) and infarct volume (IV) were evaluated. We have measured VEGF and Endostatin levels of core, penumbra and sub-cortex regions. Pre-conditioning with HO decreased NDS (p<0.002) and IV (p<0.019). Our data indicated that VEGF levels were increased in core and penumbra areas (p<0.000, 0.015, respectively) and Endostatin levels were reduced in penumbra, sub cortex and core of HO subgroups (p<0.004, 0.007, 0.000, respectively). Although further studies are needed to clarify ischemic tolerance induced by HO, alterations of VEGF and Endostatin levels may have a role in neuroprotective effects.","PeriodicalId":88950,"journal":{"name":"Pathology and laboratory medicine international","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85930881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability of Transthoracic Echocardiography to Guide Transcatheter Closure of Atrial Septal Defects","authors":"S. Al-Hamash, Khalid Ahmed Khalid, Omar Zidane Khalaf","doi":"10.11648/J.PLM.20210502.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PLM.20210502.14","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is used for the pre-interventional assessment of atrial septal defects (ASDs). However, the efficacy of TTE for guiding transcatheter closure of ASD still has not been widely assessed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, and reliability of TTE in pre selecting ASDs for transcatheter closure using the Occlutech Figulla ASD occluder. Patients & methods: This was a prospective study carried out between April 1, 2019 and February 1, 2020. Forty-nine patients were referred for transcatheter closure of their ASDs at mean age of 22±18 years and mean weight of 36±17 kg. TTE was used to measure the largest ASD diameter in different views. The device diameter used for closure was chosen based on the largest diameter obtained by TTE plus 3-5 mm if ASD 20 mm. Results: The patients divided into two groups according to the size of ASD, group A when the size of the defect was 20 mm. The average size of the defects for group A 16±4 mm, and 28±6mm for group B. the average size of the devices used was 19±5mm, and 33±7 mm for group A and B respectively. Transcatheter closure of ASD was successful in 41 patients (83.6%), and failed in 8 patients (16.4%). In 7 out of the 8 failed cases, the closure was achieved successfully using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) guidance and one patient, was referred for surgical closure due to an acute complication due to large pericardial effusion and tamponade that resulted from injury to the left atrial appendage. The successful rate for selection of the appropriate ASD device was 83.6%. Conclusion: this study demonstrated that TTE is satisfactory & reliable in selecting the appropriate ASD device size & in guiding transcatheter closure of ASD.","PeriodicalId":88950,"journal":{"name":"Pathology and laboratory medicine international","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76685056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Obesity on Soluble Vascular Cell–Adhesion Molecules, Fibrinogen, and von Willebrand Factor Antigen among Obese People in Sapele, Southern Nigeria","authors":"K. Amaihunwa, E. Etim, E. Osime, Z. Jeremiah","doi":"10.2147/plmi.s328891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/plmi.s328891","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Objective: In obese people, adipose tissue accumulates to the extent of having an adverse effect on certain procoagulant factors, such as: soluble vascular cell– adhesion molecules (sVCAMs), fibrinogen (Fg), and von Willebrand factor antigen (vWFAg). This study thus aimed to evaluate the impacts of obesity on sVCAMs, Fg, and vWFAg in obese adults in Sapele, southern Nigeria. Methods: A total of 312 obese adults and 103 controls aged 18–65 years were enrolled for this study. Venous blood (4.5 mL) was collected into EDTA containers for measurement of Fg, vWFAg, and sVCAMs using ELISA method. Data were analyzed using Student’s t -test, correlations, and one-way ANOVA followed by least significant difference post hoc tests on Microsoft Excel 2010 and SPSS 21.0, and results were expressed as means ± SD. Results: Mean body-mass index of obese and control (non-obese) subjects was 36.82±0.55 kg/m 2 and 20.43±0.29 kg/m, 2 respectively ( P <0.001). Mean Fg in obese subjects was 78.45 ±13.79 ng/ml and in the control group 40.00±2.55 ng/ml. Mean vWFAg in obese subjects was 85.63±7.00u/l and in control subjects 59.02±2.48u/l . Mean sVCAM counts in obese and control subjects were 7.53±0.96Iu/l and 4.16±0.19u/l, respectively ( P <0.01). Conclusion: Fg, vWFAg, and sVCAM levels were higher in obese people than the non-obese.","PeriodicalId":88950,"journal":{"name":"Pathology and laboratory medicine international","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44465779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adult Tetrology of Fallot: A Doppler Echocardiographic Finding","authors":"Debajani Deka","doi":"10.11648/J.PLM.20210502.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PLM.20210502.12","url":null,"abstract":"In TOF the morphological abnormalities are – overriding of aorta, pulmonary obstruction, right ventricular hypertrophy and ventricular septal defect. Normally it is nonrestrictive means free communications between the ventricles but sometimes very rarely it can become restrictive when the tricuspid valve restrict the flow across the ventricular septal defect. Among children with CHD 10% of them report TOF. Chest radiographs usually show a normal-size heart silhouette, with an upturned apex and a concave main pulmonary artery segment, commonly known as “boot-shaped” heart. On the electrocardiogram, it is common to see signs of right atrial enlargement and right ventricular hypertrophy showing right axis deviation, prominent R waves anteriorly and S waves posteriorly, upright T wave in V1 (abnormal after 7 days of life up to 10 years of age) and a qR pattern in the right precordial leads. If the ration between pulmonary artery orifice diameter to aortic orifice diameter is <.3 primary repair is unsuccessful and in that case we must go for shunt surgeries which are palliative procedures till permanent repair can be done. This should add proper assessment of coronary artery origin. This is a case of adult tetralogy of fallot (TOF) coming to outpatient department of cardiology with complaints of chest discomfort and sometimes cyanotic spells. Age of the patient is 42 years male. Doppler Echocardiography was done. In the image overriding of aorta was found around 20% over interventricular septum. Left sided aortic arch was detected along with ventricular septal defect (VSD) with size 14 mm. Size of pulmonary orifice 10 mm and that of aortic orifice was 22 mm. Hence pulmonary artery orifice was found to get stenosed.","PeriodicalId":88950,"journal":{"name":"Pathology and laboratory medicine international","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87164508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Correlation Between <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> SeroPositive Patients and Throat Infection","authors":"Hiba Orsud, A. Mergani, S. Elsanousi","doi":"10.11648/J.PLM.20210502.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PLM.20210502.11","url":null,"abstract":"Heliocobacter pylori besides being the cause of chronic gastritis it was shown be implicated in various extra gastric manifestation. Gastric juice infected with H. pylori might have important role in upper respiratory tract. However it has not been elucidated. Therefore this study aim to clarify whether H. pylori play a role in the etiology and pathogenesis of throat infection. 307 volunteers were participated in this study. Throat swabs from tonsils and oropharynx were collected, conventional bacteriological methods were applied for identification of pathogenic bacteria, followed by PCR confirmation. Along with, serum sample were collected for determination of anti-H. pylori IgG titer by quantitative ELISA method. Prior ICT antibody-based screening test were performed. Simultaneously questionnaire data form from our participants were collected for statistical analysis. This study was designed as case control study. From throat swabs Streptococcus pyogenes was the most common in our isolates. The mean of IgG antibody titer was 95.21 RU/ml, the positive samples for IgG was quite 88.2%. Clinical respiratory symptoms were observed only in 9.7% of participants in this study 89% of them confirmed with H. pylori. Statistical data showed very high significant correlation between pathogenic bacteria S. pyogenes and H. pylori infection.","PeriodicalId":88950,"journal":{"name":"Pathology and laboratory medicine international","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87675292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Laboratory Quality Management System Implementation on Quality Laboratory Service Delivery in Health Center Laboratories of Oromia Region, Ethiopia","authors":"Daba Mulleta, Fraol Jaleta, Haile Banti, Bayissa Bekele, Wake Abebe, H. Tadesse, Legesse Eshetu, Adinew Zewdu, A. Botore, Lamessa Tadesse, Tessema Debela","doi":"10.2147/PLMI.S314656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/PLMI.S314656","url":null,"abstract":": Continual improvement of laboratory quality service is vital to ensure accuracy, reliability, and timeliness of laboratory results. Implementation of the quality management system is an effective way of monitoring and assuring laboratory quality service. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of laboratory quality management system implementation on improving quality laboratory service in the health centers of Oromia region. Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 89 health centers from March 27, 2019 to June 30, 2019 in Oromia. Data were collected using a nationally established laboratory quality management system implementation assessment checklist for health center laboratories. It was analyzed by SPSS version 20 and significantly associated variables with improved laboratory quality services were identified. The status of laboratory quality management system implementation in each laboratory was determined by achievement of star levels. Results: Seventy-one (79.8%) of the total health center laboratories achieved star zero, 6 (6.7%) star one and 9 (10.1%) star two. Only 3 (3.4%) of the total participated laboratories achieved star three. Availability of SSOPs (AOR[95% CI]=7.5 ([1.10–51.54])), preventive maintenance (AOR [95% CI]=9.34 ([1.15–80.95])), review of customer satisfaction (AOR[95% CI]= 15 ([2.87– 80.82])), verification of results (AOR[95% CI]= 4.07 ([1.16–14.36])), availability of specimen guideline (AOR[95% CI]= 5.91 ([1.48–23.60])), availability of established quality indicators (AOR[95% CI]=5.51 ([1.15–26.43])) and quality plan (AOR[95% CI]=4.69 ([1.37–16.07])) were significantly associated with improved quality of laboratory service. Conclusion and Recommendation: About 20.2% of the health center laboratories provide improved laboratory service and achieved greater than star zero. Availability of SSOP, proper handling of documents, preventive maintenance, staff regular meetings, review of customer satisfaction, quality plan, verification of results, availability of specimen guideline, and availability of established quality indicators were the predictors of quality of laboratory service. Technical and managerial support by regional laboratories, facility management, and regional health bureau is vital for implementation of LQMS to improve laboratory quality services.","PeriodicalId":88950,"journal":{"name":"Pathology and laboratory medicine international","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42500792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Undernutrition and Associated Factors Among Seropositive Adults in ART Clinic Treatment Centre, Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia","authors":"Aboma Motuma, Tilahun Abdeta","doi":"10.11648/j.plm.20210501.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plm.20210501.13","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ethiopia is found with a high HIV epidemic. HIV/AIDS and malnourishment worsen one another from different perspectives. In Sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia despite remarkable efforts to reduce the problems, HIV/AIDS and malnutrition has remained the main challenges of health systems. Objective: To assess malnutrition and identify factors associated with undernutrition among adult patients attending HIV follow-up service at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital (HFSUH), Harar town, Eastern Ethiopia. Method: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from November 1 to December 30, 2016, among five hundred two respondents. The sample was selected by a simple random sampling method from the pre-ART and ART sample frame. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire through face to face interviews. We used descriptive statistics to describe the prevalence of malnutrition and mean, frequencies, and proportion of the variables. Factors associated with undernutrition were assessed by a logistic regression model using STATA 14. Result: The prevalence of undernutrition was 26.5% (95%CI: 24.5, 28.5) among HIV/AIDS patients. Being male (AOR 2.11, 95%CI: 1.34, 3.12), age group of 18-29 years (AOR 2.85, 95%CI: 1.48, 5.62), having an unemployed partner (AOR 2.31, 95%CI: 1.36, 3.75), opportunistic infection (AOR 2.94, 95%CI: 1.44, 6.03), and not attending HIV related dietary counseling session (AOR 3.22, 95%CI: 1.64, 6.31) were significantly associated with undernutrition. Conclusion: One-fourth of HIV/AIDS patients had undernutrition. Being male, younger age groups, having an unemployed partner, having opportunistic infection, and no dietary counseling were positively associated with undernutrition. All concerned bodies should have to give attention to these identified factors.","PeriodicalId":88950,"journal":{"name":"Pathology and laboratory medicine international","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79341010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bodyflow as a Rehabilitation Strategy in the Treatment of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome","authors":"Tahuser Martínez Lara, Neysa Margarita Pérez Rodríguez, Pavel Yosvany Suárez Guevara","doi":"10.11648/J.PLM.20210501.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PLM.20210501.12","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Complex regional pain syndrome is a progressive painful chronic neuropathy with autonomic nervous system dysfunction, bone demineralization, and muscle weakness; whose appearance is associated with a traumatic event such as fracture, surgery or cardiovascular event, among others, which usually affects one or more extremities. Its treatment constitutes a great challenge for science, currently settling in physiotherapy the greatest expectations for the future for rehabilitation. Bodyflow is a low frequency electro stimulator that can be applied to reduce edema, stimulate circulation and lymphatic drainage. The method seeks to contract the tunica media of the arteries and veins, as a facilitating means for the transport of lymph and blood. Stimulation is applied to the muscle, using suction cups and electrodes located in different body segments. Objective: To present a review on Bodyflow as an effective rehabilitation strategy in the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome. Methods: To achieve this purpose, electronic and library searches of national and foreign medical journals indexed in Scielo, Imbiomed and Pubmed were carried out over a 10-year horizon. Conclusions: There are few studies that suggest the use of bodyflow therapy as an alternative for the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome and this article suggests its use due to its analgesic and motor effects.","PeriodicalId":88950,"journal":{"name":"Pathology and laboratory medicine international","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78365199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coexistence of Solitary Fibrous Tumor in the Small Bowel Wall with Mesentery Neuroendocrine Tumor: A First Case Report","authors":"C. Salazar, Virian D. Serei, M. Grandhi, Zhongren Zhou","doi":"10.2147/PLMI.S268868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/PLMI.S268868","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) of the small bowel wall is a rare occurrence with only one case reported to date. SFT in the small bowel wall adjacent to mesenteric neuroendocrine tumor has not been reported, to the best of our knowledge, in the English literature. Case Presentation: The patient is an 82-year old male with a right perinephric mass incidentally diagnosed during a bladder ultrasound for working-up of chronic urinary tract infections. A follow-up CT of the abdomen and pelvis demonstrated a mass located to the right of the pancreatic head and anterior to the duodenum. A subsequent endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) with fine needle biopsy of the mass diagnosed a low-grade neuroendocrine tumor, which was supported by positivity for CD56, synaptophysin, and chromogranin. An exploratory laparotomy was performed, and the mesenteric mass was identified near the root of the middle colic vessels and laying on top of the duodenum and pancreatic head. A right hemicolectomy with terminal ileum resection was performed en bloc with resection of the mesenteric mass, presumed to be a large lymph node metastasis. A small white-tan, firm nodule was located within the small bowel submucosa and identified, measuring 0.6 x 0.4 x 0.3 cm. The mesenteric mass measured 5.5 x 3.5 x 3.3 cm and was in the mesenteric drainage distribution of the small bowel. The mesentery tumor cells were positive for synaptophysin and chromogranin, which supported the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumor. The small submucosal nodule cells were positive for STAT6, CD34 and CD99, and focally positive for BCL-2, which confirmed the diagnosis of SFT of the small bowel. Conclusion: We report the first case of SFT within the small bowel submucosa coexisting with a large neuroendocrine tumor within the mesentery.","PeriodicalId":88950,"journal":{"name":"Pathology and laboratory medicine international","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49115429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}