Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention最新文献

{"title":"The role of symbolic politics in exceptional crime policy debate: a study of the 2014 Swedish general election","authors":"Klara Hermansson","doi":"10.1080/14043858.2018.1452874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2018.1452874","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Symbolic politics are often considered to be closely linked to an alarmist rhetoric, as well as to punitive crime policy initiatives. This article explores the symbolic dimension of the Swedish crime policy debate. Since Sweden is frequently depicted as an antithesis to punitive Anglophone societies, exploring symbolic politics in this setting might expand our understanding of what symbolic statements may consist of. The article analyses the electoral campaign preceding the Swedish general election of 2014, with the aim of identifying which symbolic statements occupy a central position in the debate through the use of a qualitative content analysis. This analysis reveals an ambiguous political rhetoric, comprising morally and emotionally charged condemnatory statements about getting tough on crime, as well as reformist and restrained references to expert knowledge and long-term solutions. On the one hand, these reformist statements strengthen the image of Swedish crime policy as being based on ideals such as rationality and humanity. On the other, they also serve to legitimize and obscure penal expansion.","PeriodicalId":88919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention","volume":"19 1","pages":"22 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14043858.2018.1452874","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42527073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and skills needed for successful management of crime prevention strategies","authors":"T. Silva","doi":"10.1080/14043858.2018.1450011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2018.1450011","url":null,"abstract":"The necessity for effective crime prevention measures to reduce criminal activity and increase public safety is being recognized as a priority in many countries. Intervention at a population-level through community-based prevention methods (Homel, Freiberg, & Branch, 2015) has come into the spotlight as regards academics and policy-makers with an imperative need to reinvent policing strategies (Lum & Hagin, 2017). In the frame of this international context, a new national crime prevention programme has been implemented in Sweden in 2017.1 Based closely on the cooperation between public and private sectors, it also pursues the participation of the community, with a commitment to ‘combating crime together’. The importance of prevention science is well perceived in many areas such as medicine or risk management. When comes to crime, however, policy-makers and the public in general tend to point out law enforcement as being solely responsible for reducing crime rates in a reactive rather than preventive approach. The new national programme hopes to turn this view around. Its ultimate goal is to find better cost-effective and evidence-based solutions and to reinforce the feeling of safety among the population beyond exclusively policies of law and order. It aims at applying a new strategy to an old problem, namely that all the effort and financial resources spent on law enforcement agencies and justice systems fail to take perpetrators off the streets and deter crime (see Durose, Cooper, & Snyder, 2014; Gabor, 2016; Holmgren, Holmgren, Kugelberg, Jones, & Ahlner, 2008). Although the Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention is the main organization responsible for coordinating the programme at a national level, the county administrative boards are the agencies who have the responsibility for putting crime prevention procedures into practice at a local level. The underlying plan of action is to decentralize the preventive interventions, since the local needs for such interventions may differ from one region to another. The programme was designed by experts and is rational and wise. However, one concern arises when it comes to its application, namely the lack of professionals at a local level with competencies and skills required to address crime prevention measures in a proper way. It is foreseeable that the national programme will fail in its essential goals if the human resources who coordinate its enforcement and take responsibility for putting into practice-specific crime prevention plans are not educated in many areas of criminology through the higher education system. It is not enough to promote the development of specific skills among local practitioners through short-time limited training activities such as the national programme contemplates. Knowledge of the theory of criminology and research methods is required. Individuals who plan crime prevention initiatives must be competent to answer essential questions such as What are the underlyi","PeriodicalId":88919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention","volume":"19 1","pages":"113 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14043858.2018.1450011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42795862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The hunt for an elusive crime – an analysis of Swedish measures to combat sex trafficking","authors":"A. Heber","doi":"10.1080/14043858.2018.1459359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2018.1459359","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Sex trafficking has been described as an enormous, serious and growing problem that must be combatted, but also as a moral panic based on a very small number of cases. This article explores the measures that have been proposed to combat sex trafficking by politicians, the national police and the National Council for Crime Prevention in Sweden between 2007 and 2017. The analysis shows that sex trafficking is partly used by the actors to justify their own work. The measures that all three actors describe as central are crime victim support, co-operation, information, education and expanded legislation. The underlying problems associated with sex trafficking, according to the three actors, appear to be prostitution, drug use and foreign women crossing Swedish borders. Much of the responsibility for the provision of information and education is delegated from government agencies to a wide range of actors. This desire for comprehensive societal engagement stands in stark contrast to the small number of sex trafficking cases in Sweden. The measures to combat sex trafficking are thus largely characterized by the hunt for an elusive crime.","PeriodicalId":88919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention","volume":"19 1","pages":"21 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14043858.2018.1459359","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48022110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A good reviewer is the editor’s best friend","authors":"H. Elonheimo","doi":"10.1080/14043858.2018.1459158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2018.1459158","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention","volume":"19 1","pages":"1 - 2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14043858.2018.1459158","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43054584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intervening in domestic violence as a police task: legal reform and policing versus citizens’ perspective","authors":"Monica Fagerlund, J. Kääriäinen","doi":"10.1080/14043858.2018.1451019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2018.1451019","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Violence in Western societies has received increased public and legal attention during the past few decades, while simultaneously, evidence of decreased violent behaviour has been identified. A specific type of violence that has undergone changes in visibility and increased legal intervention is domestic violence (DV). Have people become more sensitive to all kinds of violence? In this case, DV would not stand out as a crime demanding increasing police intervention. In this article, the public’s perceptions of the importance of intervening in DV as a police task are analysed. Comparisons with the assessed importance of other types of police tasks are made to evaluate the changes in a broader attitudinal context, and official police statistics are reflected against the trends identified from the survey data. In the results, DV stands out in the comparison of change in the importance of police tasks. The hypothesis of increased cultural sensitivity is not confirmed concerning all types of crimes – or even violent crimes. The results can be understood to support the theory about increased cultural sensitivity concerning an issue previously seen as a private matter rather than a criminal act and police matter – DV.","PeriodicalId":88919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention","volume":"19 1","pages":"78 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14043858.2018.1451019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48420387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Open drug scenes and police strategies in Oslo, Norway","authors":"Hilgunn Olsen","doi":"10.1080/14043858.2017.1388028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2017.1388028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Harm reduction has since the late 80s gradually been part of Norwegian drug policy, challenging original working strategies for police in open drug scenes; places with extensive public trade and use of illegal drugs. This study addresses the research questions: What characterizes police work in open drug scenes in Oslo? How do the police solve the practical challenges of working within a ‘dual-track policy’ combining harm-reducing and punitive approaches? This historical analysis of police approaches to open drug scenes concerns the years 1993–2015. The open drug scene has moved continuously within a limited area around the Central train Station. The study uses data from newspaper articles, semi-structured interviews of responsible police in the area and public action plans by the Municipality of Oslo. Police strategies in Oslo’s drug scenes have changed from strictly punitive to a mixture of harm-reducing and punitive efforts. The police change back and forth between these strategies, and within the same time period they sometimes engage in both. Within the current drug policy, the dilemmas of practical police work persist, as inhabitants of the drug scene perform numerous criminal acts and simultaneously are in need of care.","PeriodicalId":88919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention","volume":"18 1","pages":"141 - 156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14043858.2017.1388028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45437674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Punishment justifications in rape cases: a community study","authors":"Henriette Bergstrøm, Pål Evjetun, Mons Bendixen","doi":"10.1080/14043858.2017.1387451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2017.1387451","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Norway is one of the countries with the most progressive criminal justice systems in the Western world. Traditionally, the Norwegian criminal justice system has been mainly based on treatment and deterrence perspectives. While it is believed that criminal justice practices should be in accordance with public attitudes, few studies in Scandinavia have investigated public attitudes towards criminal justice sanctions in a methodologically sound manner. The current study is the first to investigate the attitudes of the Norwegian public towards punishment of rapists. In a Norwegian community sample (N = 475) from 2005, participants found the typical sentencing severity of a convicted rapist too lenient. The participants did report that as a global sentencing orientation, they preferred incapacitation. When presented with a specific rape case, their sentencing judgements were oriented towards both incapacitation and retribution, but their global orientation were not related to their specific judgements. Aggravating circumstances (e.g. violence was used) were found to influence the participants’ judgements more than when no aggravating circumstances were present (e.g. no violence was used). Few gender or educational differences were found, which indicates that these attitudes towards punishment of rapists are quite consistent across demographical groups.","PeriodicalId":88919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention","volume":"18 1","pages":"123 - 140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14043858.2017.1387451","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42213184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intimate partner homicide, immigration and citizenship: evidence from Norway 1990–2012","authors":"S. K. Vatnar, C. Friestad, S. Bjørkly","doi":"10.1080/14043858.2017.1394629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2017.1394629","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Intimate partner homicides (IPH) are fatal violent attacks perpetrated by intimate partners. Immigrants are overrepresented in the IPH statistics as both perpetrators and victims. If explanatory factors for this are not studied, immigrants may be stigmatized. The present study investigates whether IPHs committed by immigrant perpetrators have characteristics that differentiate them from IPHs committed by the native majority of IPH perpetrators. All IPHs in Norway from 1990 to 2012 (N = 177) were included. Quantitative data were extracted through structured investigation of court documents. Information concerning risk factors (previous intimate partner violence and sociodemographic, contextual and clinical factors) was drawn from three validated risk assessment instruments. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. When adjusted for other group differences, very few differences remained in the multivariate models. IPHs perpetrated by immigrants differed from cases with native perpetrators on modus operandi and ascribed motives and resulted in longer sentences than IPHs with native perpetrators. This study indicates considerable similarities in IPHs perpetrated by immigrants and natives. Findings indicating that IPHs by immigrants were perceived differently in the justice system need further investigation.","PeriodicalId":88919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention","volume":"18 1","pages":"103 - 122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14043858.2017.1394629","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46667220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Youth crime victimization and religion: observations from Finland and Switzerland","authors":"Silvia Staubli, Janne Kivivuori","doi":"10.1080/14043858.2017.1385137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2017.1385137","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract European nations are undergoing increasing cultural and religious pluralization. Yet, we know little about how crime victimization relates to religion. Different theories suggest that religion might protect from or, on the contrary, be a risk factor for victimization. Drawing on a youth survey (ISRD–3), we examine Finland and Switzerland, two nations with different histories with respect to religious pluralism. We did not observe associations suggesting that membership in minority religions would protect from victimization. The risk of hate crime victimization was elevated among Finnish Muslim youths, while in Switzerland, there appears to be a more general association between ‘other’ religious identification and victimization risk. We conclude by discussing avenues for future research.","PeriodicalId":88919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention","volume":"18 1","pages":"200 - 209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14043858.2017.1385137","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49433372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using self-report inventories to assess recidivism risk among prisoners about to be released on parole supervision in Sweden","authors":"Z. Vasiljević, A. Öjehagen, Claes Andersson","doi":"10.1080/14043858.2017.1386441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2017.1386441","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Prison release planning is rarely based on adequate assessment using evidence-based instruments. This study uses well-established self-reports for screening of problem severity and for predicting recidivism, measured as reconvictions during one-year following release, in prisoners about to be conditionally released on probation in Sweden between 2009 and 2010. One Hundred and six prisoners completed the following measures: Karolinska Scales of Personality, Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Drug Use Disorders Identification Test. Results show frequent mental health and substance use problems and high scores on the KSP psychopathy factor. Anxiety and problematic drug use were the two most important factors associated with one-year recidivism. Prior to release, self-reports could be useful for screening of problem severity, and for predicting recidivism.","PeriodicalId":88919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention","volume":"18 1","pages":"191 - 199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14043858.2017.1386441","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45008130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}