Dong wu xue yan jiu = Zoological research最新文献

{"title":"Advances in herpetological research emanating from China.","authors":"R. Murphy","doi":"10.13918/j.issn.2095-8137.2016.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13918/j.issn.2095-8137.2016.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"The warming of Earth owing to human activities is resulting in an episode of mass extinction. If global warming is not abated quickly, up to one-fourth of the species on our planet will face extinction in only 35 years. The loss of biodiversity is more than just many species disappearing. It could signal the beginning of the collapse of our ecosystems because the loss of one species can trigger a domino effect. Among vertebrates, the so-called cold bloodied species—fishes, amphibians and reptiles—are the most threatened groups. According to International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), as of 2009, 30% of amphibians are threatened with extinction and another 6% are considered to be Near Threatened. Regarding the world’s reptiles, Simon Stuart, Chair of the IUCN’s Species Survival Commission, believes their situation “may be much worse than it currently looks”. Some 10% of Chinese and South East Asian species of snakes are Threatened with extinction and a whopping 43% are listed in the Endangered and Vulnerable categories. Turtles and tortoises are not doing any better. The percentages of Threatened species are moving targets because of the discovery of many new cryptic species. Typically, new species await assessments of their status. The number of new species of amphibians and reptiles described each year continues to increase and , unlike for mammals and birds, no end is in sight. Take for example China. Zhao & Adler(1993) summarized China’s diversity of amphibians and reptiles. They listed 274 species of amphibians among which 175 species were endemic(occurring only in China). More diverse, the reptiles accounted for 387 species, yet fewer, only 133, were endemic. A quick assessment of the past 22 years indicates we have a long road ahead before documenting the actual number of species, assuming we can reach the end of the road before the species become extinct. According to AmphibiaWeb(2015), today China has 406 species of amphibians, yet AmphibiaChina(2015) lists 429 species. The latter assessment amounts to an increase of almost 57% since 1993. The vast majority of the increase in amphibian diversity owes to the discovery and description of new species. Based on data from AmphibiaWeb(2015) and Frost(2015), this involves 150 species descriptions and nine new records or resurrections of old species names. Figure 1 shows the number of new species of Chinese amphibians described since 1994; the number of newly described species tends to increase annually. Every year has witnessed the description of at least one new species. A plot of the total number of amphibian species in China(not shown)shows no asymptote; no data indicate just how many species of amphibians occur in China. Figure 1 Histogram showing the number of newly described species of amphibians per year occurring in China (data from AmphibiaWeb(2015) and Frost(2015)) The reptiles show a similar trend to amphibians of increasing diversity, b","PeriodicalId":88862,"journal":{"name":"Dong wu xue yan jiu = Zoological research","volume":"2 1","pages":"4-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81637321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two new species of Japalura (Squamata: Agamidae) from the Hengduan Mountain Range, China.","authors":"Kai Wang, K. Jiang, Dahu Zou, F. Yan, Cameron D. Siler, J. Che","doi":"10.13918/j.issn.2095-8137.2016.1.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13918/j.issn.2095-8137.2016.1.41","url":null,"abstract":"Until recently, the agamid species, Japalura flaviceps, was recognized to have the widest geographic distribution among members of the genus occurring in China, from eastern Tibet to Shaanxi Province. However, recent studies restricted the distribution of J. flaviceps to the Dadu River valley only in northwestern Sichuan Province, suggesting that records of J. flaviceps outside the Dadu River valley likely represent undescribed diversity. During two herpetofaunal surveys in 2013 and 2015, eight and 12 specimens of lizards of the genus Japalura were collected from the upper Nujiang (=Salween) Valley in eastern Tibet, China, and upper Lancang (=Mekong) Valley in northwestern Yunnan, China, respectively. These specimens display a unique suite of diagnostic morphological characters. Our robust comparisons of phenotype reveal that these populations can be distinguished readily from J. flaviceps and all other recognized congeners. Herein, we describe the two Japalura lineages as new species, Japalura laeviventris sp. nov. and Japalura iadina sp. nov.. In addition, we provide updated conservation assessments for the new species as well as imperiled congeners according to the IUCN criteria for classification, discuss the importance of color patterns in the diagnosis and description of species in the genus Japalura, and discuss directions for future taxonomic studies of the group.","PeriodicalId":88862,"journal":{"name":"Dong wu xue yan jiu = Zoological research","volume":"29 1","pages":"41-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84277413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Journal Correction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1200/jco.2010.32.4202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2010.32.4202","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88862,"journal":{"name":"Dong wu xue yan jiu = Zoological research","volume":"156 1","pages":"116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77624502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovery of the Fuyan teeth: challenging or complementing the out-of-Africa scenario?","authors":"Yu-chun Li, Jiao-Yang Tian, Q. Kong","doi":"10.13918/J.ISSN.2095-8137.2015.6.311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13918/J.ISSN.2095-8137.2015.6.311","url":null,"abstract":"Although it is widely accepted that modern humans (Homo sapiens sapiens) can trace their African origins to 150-200 kilo years ago (kya) (recent African origin model; Henn et al, 2012; Ingman et al, 2000; Poznik et al, 2013; Weaver, 2012), an alternative model suggests that the diverse populations of our species evolved separately on different continents from archaic human forms (multiregional origin model; Wolpoff et al, 2000; Wu, 2006). The recent discovery of 47 teeth from a Fuyan cave in southern China (Liu et al, 2015) indicated the presence of H. s. sapiens in eastern Eurasia during the early Late Pleistocene. Since the age of the Fuyan teeth (80-120 kya) predates the previously assumed out-of-Africa exodus (60 kya) by at least 20 kya, this inconsistency provides some support for the multiregional origin model, and thus may challenge the recent African origin hypothesis. \u0000 \u0000If the Fuyan cave individuals were derived from archaic humans in eastern Eurasia and evolved into the contemporary modern populations that resided in the region, as suggested by the multiregional origin model, a closer morphological relationship or even successive morphological characteristics between the Fuyan teeth and Homo erectus from eastern Eurasia should be observed. Unfortunately, metric assessment of the teeth samples shows that Fuyan individuals differ morphologically from the Asian H. erectus (Liu et a, 2015), and therefore it is unlikely that they evolved from the local H. erectus populations (Dennell, 2015). Instead, the close affinity between Fuyan teeth and European Late Pleistocene samples and contemporary humans indicates that Fuyan man derived from common ancestors of modern humans, thus lending further support to the recent African origin model. \u0000 \u0000Nevertheless, the early Late Pleistocene occupation of Fuyan man in eastern Eurasia raises another question on how early our ancestors dispersed from Africa and successfully colonized eastern Eurasia. Based on the ages of modern human fossils in the Middle East (Skhul and Qafzeh in Israel, about 100 kya; McDermott et al, 1993; Millard, 2008; Smith et al, 2010), it is believed that the exodus from Africa started about 100 kya and reached eastern Eurasia about 74 kya before the eruption of the Toba volcano (Petraglia et al, 2007). However, genetic evidence (mainly from mitochondrial genomes) suggests that the initial settlers left Africa approximately 60 kya and then rapidly dispersed into eastern Eurasia via a southern coastal route about 40-60 kya (Macaulay et al, 2005; Sun et al, 2006). The lack of human fossils dating earlier than 70 kya in eastern Eurasia implies that the out-of-Africa immigrants around 100 kya likely failed to expand further east (Shea, 2008). Consistent with this notion, the Late Pleistocene hominid records previously found in eastern Eurasia have been dated to only 40-70 kya, including the Liujiang man (67 kya; Shen et al, 2002) and Tianyuan man (40 kya; Fu et al, 2013b; Shang et al, ","PeriodicalId":88862,"journal":{"name":"Dong wu xue yan jiu = Zoological research","volume":"30 1","pages":"311-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77962782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerated evolution of constraint elements for hematophagic adaptation in mosquitoes.","authors":"Ming-Shan Wang, A. Adeola, Yan Li, Ya-ping Zhang, Dong-Dong Wu","doi":"10.13918/J.ISSN.2095-8137.2015.6.320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13918/J.ISSN.2095-8137.2015.6.320","url":null,"abstract":"Comparative genomics is a powerful approach that comprehensively interprets the genome. Herein, we performed whole genome comparative analysis of 16 Diptera genomes, including four mosquitoes and 12 Drosophilae. We found more than 540 000 constraint elements (CEs) in the Diptera genome, with the majority found in the intergenic, coding and intronic regions. Accelerated elements (AEs) identified in mosquitoes were mostly in the protein-coding regions (>93%), which differs from vertebrates in genomic distribution. Some genes functionally enriched in blood digestion, body temperature regulation and insecticide resistance showed rapid evolution not only in the lineage of the recent common ancestor of mosquitoes (RCAM), but also in some mosquito lineages. This may be associated with lineage-specific traits and/or adaptations in comparison with other insects. Our findings revealed that although universally fast evolution acted on biological systems in RCAM, such as hematophagy, same adaptations also appear to have occurred through distinct degrees of evolution in different mosquito species, enabling them to be successful blood feeders in different environments.","PeriodicalId":88862,"journal":{"name":"Dong wu xue yan jiu = Zoological research","volume":"58 1","pages":"320-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86876878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphometric variability of Arctodiaptomus salinus (Copepoda) in the Mediterranean-Black Sea region.","authors":"E. Anufriieva, N. Shadrin","doi":"10.13918/J.ISSN.2095-8137.2015.5.328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13918/J.ISSN.2095-8137.2015.5.328","url":null,"abstract":"Inter-species variability in morphological traits creates a need to know the range of variability of characteristics in the species for taxonomic and ecological tasks. Copepoda Arctodiaptomus salinus, which inhabits water bodies across Eurasia and North Africa, plays a dominant role in plankton of different water bodies-from fresh to hypersaline. This work assesses the intra- and inter-population morphometric variability of A. salinus in the Mediterranean-Black Sea region and discusses some observed regularities. The variability of linear body parameters and proportions was studied. The impacts of salinity, temperature, and population density on morphological characteristics and their variability can manifest themselves in different ways at the intra- and inter-population levels. A significant effect of salinity, pH and temperature on the body proportions was not found. Their intra-population variability is dependent on temperature and salinity. Sexual dimorphism of A. salinus manifests in different linear parameters, proportions, and their variability. There were no effects of temperature, pH and salinity on the female/male parameter ratio. There were significant differences in the body proportions of males and females in different populations. The influence of temperature, salinity, and population density can be attributed to 80%-90% of intra-population variability of A. salinus. However, these factors can explain less than 40% of inter-population differences. Significant differences in the body proportions of males and females from different populations may suggest that some local populations of A. salinus in the Mediterranean-Black Sea region are in the initial stages of differentiation.","PeriodicalId":88862,"journal":{"name":"Dong wu xue yan jiu = Zoological research","volume":"109 1","pages":"328-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80668032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of reptile and amphibian species richness along elevational gradients in Mt. Kenya.","authors":"P. Malonza","doi":"10.13918/J.ISSN.2095-8137.2015.6.342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13918/J.ISSN.2095-8137.2015.6.342","url":null,"abstract":"Faunal species richness is traditionally assumed to decrease with increasing elevation and decreasing primary productivity. Species richness is reported to peak at mid-elevation. This survey examines the herpetofaunal diversity and distribution in Mt. Kenya (central Kenya) by testing the hypothesis that changes in species richness with elevation relate to elevation-dependent changes in climate. Sampling along transects from an elevation of approximately 1 700 m in Chogoria forest block (wind-ward side) and approximately 2 600 m in Sirimon block (rain shadow zone) upwards in March 2009. This starts from the forest to montane alpine zones. Sampling of reptiles and amphibians uses pitfall traps associated with drift fences, time-limited searches and visual encounter surveys. The results show that herpetofaunal richness differs among three vegetation zones along the elevation gradient. Chogoria has higher biodiversity than Sirimon. More species occur at low and middle elevations and few exist at high elevations. The trends are consistent with expected optimum water and energy variables. The lower alpine montane zone has high species richness but low diversity due to dominance of some high elevations species. Unambiguous data do not support a mid-domain effect (mid-elevation peak) because the observed trend better fits a model in which climatic variables (rainfall and temperature) control species richness, which indirectly measures productivity. It is important to continue protection of all indigenous forests, especially at low to mid elevations. These areas are vulnerable to human destruction yet are home to some endemic species. Firebreaks can limit the spread of the perennial wildfires, especially on the moorlands.","PeriodicalId":88862,"journal":{"name":"Dong wu xue yan jiu = Zoological research","volume":"266 1","pages":"342-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75002174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological approaches to understanding molecular actions on dorsolateral prefrontal cortical neurons underlying higher cognitive processing.","authors":"Min Wang, A. Arnsten","doi":"10.13918/J.ISSN.2095-8137.2015.6.314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13918/J.ISSN.2095-8137.2015.6.314","url":null,"abstract":"Revealing how molecular mechanisms influence higher brain circuits in primates will be essential for understanding how genetic insults lead to increased risk of cognitive disorders. Traditionally, modulatory influences on higher cortical circuits have been examined using lesion techniques, where a brain region is depleted of a particular transmitter to determine how its loss impacts cognitive function. For example, depletion of catecholamines or acetylcholine from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex produces striking deficits in working memory abilities. More directed techniques have utilized direct infusions of drug into a specific cortical site to try to circumvent compensatory changes that are common following transmitter depletion. The effects of drug on neuronal firing patterns are often studied using iontophoresis, where a minute amount of drug is moved into the brain using a tiny electrical current, thus minimizing the fluid flow that generally disrupts neuronal recordings. All of these approaches can be compared to systemic drug administration, which remains a key arena for the development of effective therapeutics for human cognitive disorders. Most recently, viral techniques are being developed to be able to manipulate proteins for which there is no developed pharmacology, and to allow optogenetic manipulations in primate cortex. As the association cortices greatly expand in brain evolution, research in nonhuman primates is particularly important for understanding the modulatory regulation of our highest order cognitive operations.","PeriodicalId":88862,"journal":{"name":"Dong wu xue yan jiu = Zoological research","volume":"231 1","pages":"314-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77303453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphometric studies of genus Placocheilus (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) from Red River, China.","authors":"W. Zhou, Min-hui Li, Chun-ping Wang, M. Qi","doi":"10.13918/J.ISSN.2095-8137.2015.6.348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13918/J.ISSN.2095-8137.2015.6.348","url":null,"abstract":"It is practically difficult to differentiate Placocheilus robustus and Placocheilus caudofasciatus from Red River drainage of China. Without stated reasons, P. robustus has been assumed as the synonyms of P. caudofasciatus. The present study aims to decipher the morphological differences between two species so as to provide reliable clues for their classification by multivariate morphometry. A total of 72 specimens of two species in genus Placocheilus were examined. Besides morphological character comparisons, 10 anatomic landmarks were utilized and 23 frame structures and 15 general characters measured. The scatter plot results of principal component analysis showed that all specimens were clustered together and could not be defined as two distinct species. No significant morphological differences existed in four diagnostic characters between P. robustus and P. caudofasciatus. Thus the results of the present study fail to support P. robustus as a valid and independent species.","PeriodicalId":88862,"journal":{"name":"Dong wu xue yan jiu = Zoological research","volume":"27 1","pages":"348-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84477649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment and characterization of an astroglial cell line derived from the brain of half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis).","authors":"Tian-Zi Wang,&nbsp;Ai Sun,&nbsp;Na Wang,&nbsp;Zhong-Kai Cui,&nbsp;Song-Lin Chen,&nbsp;Zhen-Xia Sha","doi":"10.13918/j.issn.2095-8137.2015.5.305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13918/j.issn.2095-8137.2015.5.305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An astroglial cell line was established from the brain of half smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) and was designated as CSAC. CSAC shows the morphological homogeneity of epithelial cells. The cell identity was tested by the presence of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), which was revealed by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence. The cell line was optimally maintained at 24 °C in minimum essential medium supplemented with HEPES, antibiotics, 20% fetal bovine serum, 2-Mercaptoethanol (2-Me) and basic fibroblast growth factor. Chromosome analysis revealed that the CSAC cells maintained a normal diploid chromosome number (2n=42). The fluorescent signals were observed in CSAC after the cells were transfected with green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter plasmids. The CSAC cell line may serve as a valuable tool for studies on the potential functions of fish astroglial cells. </p>","PeriodicalId":88862,"journal":{"name":"Dong wu xue yan jiu = Zoological research","volume":"36 5","pages":"305-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4771961/pdf/ZoolRes-36-5-305.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34075296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}