Connections (Toronto, Ont.)最新文献_第9页

How Correlated Are Network Centrality Measures? 网络中心性度量的相关性如何？

Connections (Toronto, Ont.) Pub Date : 2008-01-01

Thomas W Valente, Kathryn Coronges, Cynthia Lakon, Elizabeth Costenbader

引用次数: 0

The Effect of Personal Network Exposure on Injecting Equipment Sharing among IDUs in Budapest, Hungary. 个人网络暴露对匈牙利布达佩斯注射吸毒者共用注射器材的影响。

Connections (Toronto, Ont.) Pub Date : 2006-01-01

V Anna Gyarmathy, Alan Neaigus

{"title":"The Effect of Personal Network Exposure on Injecting Equipment Sharing among IDUs in Budapest, Hungary.","authors":"V Anna Gyarmathy, Alan Neaigus","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Until the mid-1990s, the prevalence and incidence of HIV infection was uniformly low in countries across the Central and Eastern European region. In the past decade, however, this has changed dramatically, with a rapid increase in HIV infections in the region, especially in Eastern Europe where 41% of new HIV infection cases were among injecting drug users (IDUs) and as much as 66% of IDUs are infected with HIV in certain regions. While Russia, the largest country in Eastern Europe, has the fastest growing HIV rates in the world, the situation is different in Central Europe. For example, Hungary has low levels of HIV infection - estimated less than 1% of IDUs. Understanding the role of network factors in the spread and prevention of HIV could not only enable us to keep the HIV rates low among IDUs in countries like Hungary, but also provide a means for the effective prevention of other blood-borne and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) that share similar routes of transmission as HIV. Rogers' diffusion of innovations theory may help explain why HIV rates among IDUs are low in Hungary. Valente's related exposure or contagion model postulates that the more individuals within a social network adopt an innovation or a practice, the greater the probability of an individual is to adopt this innovation or practice. Personal network exposure (PNE), measured both within egocentric and sociocentric networks quantifies the extent to which a person is exposed to risk through their social network. The aim of this analysis was to assess the association of PNE and other correlates with injecting equipment sharing among IDUs in Budapest, Hungary.","PeriodicalId":88856,"journal":{"name":"Connections (Toronto, Ont.)","volume":"27 1","pages":"25-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8496454/pdf/nihms-1605467.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39504409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

"Big Events" and Networks. “大事件”和网络。

Connections (Toronto, Ont.) Pub Date : 2006-01-01

Samuel Friedman, Diana Rossi, Peter L Flom

{"title":"\"Big Events\" and Networks.","authors":"Samuel Friedman, Diana Rossi, Peter L Flom","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Some, but not all, \"big events\" such as wars, revolutions, socioeconomic transitions, economic collapses, and ecological disasters in recent years seem to lead to large-scale HIV outbreaks (Friedman et al, in press; Hankins et al 2002). This was true of transitions in the USSR, South Africa and Indonesia, for example, but not those in the Philippines or (so far) in Argentina. It has been hypothesized that whether or not HIV outbreaks occur is shaped in part by the nature and extent of changes in the numbers of voluntary or involuntary risk-takers, which itself may be related to the growth of roles such as sex-sellers or drug sellers; the riskiness of the behaviors engaged in by risk-takers; and changes in sexual and injection networks and other \"mixing patterns\" variables. Each of these potential causal processes, in turn, is shaped by the nature of pre-existing social networks and the patterns and content of normative regulation and communication that happen within these social networks-and on how these social networks and their characteristics are changed by the \"big event\" in question. We will present ideas about what research is needed to help understand these events and to help guide both indigenous community-based efforts to prevent HIV outbreaks and also to guide those who organize external intervention efforts and aid.","PeriodicalId":88856,"journal":{"name":"Connections (Toronto, Ont.)","volume":"27 1","pages":"9-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3143004/pdf/nihms309648.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30038333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Buidling a Network Theory of Social Capital 构建社会资本的网络理论

Connections (Toronto, Ont.) Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.4337/9781789907285.00009

N. Lin

引用次数: 1854