Connections (Toronto, Ont.)最新文献

Contagion and Interpersonal Influence: Distinguishing Mechanisms of Behavior Change Using Social Network Theory. 传染与人际影响：运用社会网络理论区分行为改变的机制。

Connections (Toronto, Ont.) Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.21307/connections-2019.041

Thomas W Valente

{"title":"Contagion and Interpersonal Influence: Distinguishing Mechanisms of Behavior Change Using Social Network Theory.","authors":"Thomas W Valente","doi":"10.21307/connections-2019.041","DOIUrl":"10.21307/connections-2019.041","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper articulates the many ways social network researchers conceptualize and operationalize network influences on people's behaviors. Four categories of network influences are described: (1) personal network, (2) positional, (3) network-level, and (4) individual network-level interactions. Personal network effects are based on data from the individual's direct and indirect contacts. Positional effects are derived from the individual's position in the network such as being central or peripheral. Network-level effects are measured using network-level indicators such as centralization or clustering. Interaction effects occur when there is consideration of both the individual and network level measures such as understanding the influence of being in a central position in a centralized or decentralized network. These various network effects are contrasted with contagion, which is the most frequently used mechanism for diffusion. One conclusion drawn from this review is that when we invoke contagion explanations, we give agency to the product, whereas when we invoke interpersonal influence explanations, we give agency to people and social systems.","PeriodicalId":88856,"journal":{"name":"Connections (Toronto, Ont.)","volume":"44 ","pages":"222-235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13488863/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148802891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ethical Issues in HIV-related Social Network Research Involving Substance-Using Sexual Minorities at Risk for HIV. 与HIV相关的社会网络研究中的伦理问题，涉及使用药物的性少数群体感染HIV的风险。

Connections (Toronto, Ont.) Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.21307/connections-2019.042

Britt Skaathun, Alera Dermody, Karla D Wagner

{"title":"Ethical Issues in HIV-related Social Network Research Involving Substance-Using Sexual Minorities at Risk for HIV.","authors":"Britt Skaathun, Alera Dermody, Karla D Wagner","doi":"10.21307/connections-2019.042","DOIUrl":"10.21307/connections-2019.042","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Some social network research (SNR) relies on individuals reporting information about network members, with network members not providing consent. We assess how substance-using sexual minorities at risk for HIV perceive the benefits and risks of SNR and the preferred processes for obtaining informed consent.Methods: We conducted 20 qualitative interviews with adults who identified as people of color, were cisgender male and had sex with cisgender men, and reported using substances (<12 months) in San Diego, CA, USA. Participants were asked about perceived risks and benefits of SNR related to HIV, with differing levels of network information being collected. Participants compared the risks of SNR to risks in daily life and were asked about their preferred consent format. Interviews were recorded via zoom, transcribed, and analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis.Results: Participants were Latinx (84%), Black (10%), and 1 Filipino (5%), the median age was 31 years, and 25% of them reported previous research experience. Most viewed SNR favorably and less risky than daily life. Participants preferred study designs where network members are also recruited, as their consent was viewed as \"community consent.\" Participants also felt that community benefits of HIV-related SNR research outweigh the risks. Opinions were mixed about providing identifying information in the context of reporting substance use. A combination of a video using \"lay-language\" visuals and a written consent format was preferred.Conclusion: Perceived benefits of SNR to HIV prevention and care outweighed the risks, with concerns about providing last names. Researchers should assess whether the collection of last names is warranted.","PeriodicalId":88856,"journal":{"name":"Connections (Toronto, Ont.)","volume":"44 1","pages":"236-245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12826593/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146055425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Social networks of American Indian youth on a Northern Plains reservation. 北部平原保留地美国印第安青年的社交网络。

Connections (Toronto, Ont.) Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-21 DOI: 10.21307/connections-2019.046

Katie Schultz, Jerreed Ivanich, Nancy Whitesell, Michael Siciliano, Tracy Zacher

{"title":"Social networks of American Indian youth on a Northern Plains reservation.","authors":"Katie Schultz, Jerreed Ivanich, Nancy Whitesell, Michael Siciliano, Tracy Zacher","doi":"10.21307/connections-2019.046","DOIUrl":"10.21307/connections-2019.046","url":null,"abstract":"Social relations and multigenerational networks remain a salient fixture of American Indian (AI) culture and survivance. Network data can describe the dynamic nature of social networks and the powerful role these relationships play in the development of behaviors in adolescence. Research in other populations has demonstrated how networks impact risk and resilience, but data on these factors are lacking among AI adolescents. There are reasons to expect that network structures may differ and that prevailing social network theories may not apply among this population. This paper describes ego and grade level networks of 9th and 10th grade AI youth (N = 263) in three diverse schools on a Northern Plains reservation. Aligned with prior research, we find that gender homophily plays a role in friendship formation. Unlike in other settings, race/ethnicity was not a significant predictor of friendship ties; this finding is not surprising given that 94% of the sample identified as being from this Northern Plains tribe. The descriptive findings also suggest that AI youth have a significant portion of family ties, even among their school-based networks. This may be a distinct feature of AI networks. Variation in networks across schools suggests unique community contexts that may make a universal approach to prevention development and implementation less effective. Within this tribal community, we find significant differences in the types, sizes, and potential mechanisms of tie formation. This underscores the importance of identifying network variations to implement targeted preventive interventions for feasibility, efficacy, and sustainability.","PeriodicalId":88856,"journal":{"name":"Connections (Toronto, Ont.)","volume":"44 1","pages":"192-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12922650/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147272672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Men Think they Know More about Networks 男性认为他们更了解社交网络

Connections (Toronto, Ont.) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2478/connections-2022-0003

Z. Neal

引用次数: 0

Satisfaction with Retirement: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis with Social Network Analysis 退休满意度：与社会网络分析的定性比较分析

Connections (Toronto, Ont.) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2478/connections-2022-0002

F. Ruiz, W. Olsen

引用次数: 0

On the Effect of Reciprocal Dyadic Relations on the Share of Lexical Practices 论对等二元关系对词汇实践份额的影响

Connections (Toronto, Ont.) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2478/connections-2022-0001

Guillaume P. Fernandez

引用次数: 0

Isolation, cohesion and contingent network effects: the case of school attachment and engagement 孤立、凝聚力和偶然网络效应：以学校依恋和参与为例

Connections (Toronto, Ont.) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.2478/connections-2019.025

G. Gauthier, Jeffrey A. Smith, Sela R. Harcey, Kelly L. Markowski

{"title":"Isolation, cohesion and contingent network effects: the case of school attachment and engagement","authors":"G. Gauthier, Jeffrey A. Smith, Sela R. Harcey, Kelly L. Markowski","doi":"10.2478/connections-2019.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/connections-2019.025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Isolation and cohesion are two key network features, often used to predict outcomes like mental health and deviance. More cohesive settings tend to have better outcomes, while isolates tend to fare worse than their more integrated peers. A common assumption of past work is that the effect of cohesion is universal, so that all actors get the same benefits of being in a socially cohesive environment. Here, we suggest that the effect of cohesion is universal only for specific types of outcomes. For other outcomes, experiencing the benefits of cohesion depends on an individual’s position in the network, such as whether or not an individual has any social ties. Network processes thus operate at both the individual and contextual level, and we employ hierarchical linear models to analyze these jointly to arrive at a full picture of how networks matter. We explore these ideas using the case of adolescents in schools (using Add Health data), focusing on the effect of isolation and cohesion on two outcomes, school attachment and academic engagement. We find that cohesion has a uniform effect in the case of engagement but not attachment. Only non-isolates experience stronger feelings of attachment as cohesion increases, while all students, both isolates and non-isolates, are more strongly engaged in high cohesion settings. Overall, the results show the importance of taking a systematic, multi-level approach, with important implications for studies of health and deviance.","PeriodicalId":88856,"journal":{"name":"Connections (Toronto, Ont.)","volume":"42 1","pages":"31 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47524536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Constructing legislative networks in R using incidentally and backbone 利用偶然性和骨干性构建R立法网络

Connections (Toronto, Ont.) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.2478/connections-2019.026

Z. Neal

引用次数: 1

ScriptNet: An integrated criminological-network analysis tool ScriptNet：一个集成的犯罪学网络分析工具

Connections (Toronto, Ont.) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.2478/connections-2019.024

E. Bellotti, Nicholas Lord, C. Elizondo, Joshua R. Melville, Steve Mckellar

{"title":"ScriptNet: An integrated criminological-network analysis tool","authors":"E. Bellotti, Nicholas Lord, C. Elizondo, Joshua R. Melville, Steve Mckellar","doi":"10.2478/connections-2019.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/connections-2019.024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This brief article illustrates the features of ScriptNet, a software package that facilitates a visual analysis of the organisational aspects of criminal enterprise, together with a visual analysis of the network of people, organisations, places and resources that are in some way involved in the commissioning of these goal-oriented crimes. ScriptNet is an amalgamation of the terms ‘script’ and ‘network’ that in turn represent two analytical approaches to understanding criminal and social behaviours. Script refers to crime script analysis, an analytical technique that organises knowledge about the procedural aspects and procedural requirements of the crime commission process. Network derives from social network analysis, and specifically from the framework of multi-mode and multi-link networks, which maps individual and collective actors, together with resources they can access and places where they are located, and the various types of relationships that may link them. In this article we illustrate the functions and features of ScriptNet using data provided by the Food Safety Authority of Ireland (FSAI). We discuss the innovative aspects of ScriptNet and we identify its limits. In its current format, ScriptNet has been developed as proof of concept. The code is open source, and we welcome people to collaborate and implement new and improved functions.","PeriodicalId":88856,"journal":{"name":"Connections (Toronto, Ont.)","volume":"42 1","pages":"16 - 30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46568811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Career Education 职业生涯教育

Connections (Toronto, Ont.) Pub Date : 2021-09-03 DOI: 10.4324/9781003233800-17

B. Risby, Joan E. Franklin

引用次数: 0