Challenge (Atlanta, Ga.)最新文献

{"title":"Letter from the Editor","authors":"J. Madrick","doi":"10.1080/05775132.2022.2123134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/05775132.2022.2123134","url":null,"abstract":"In this important piece, Income Inequality, Cause and Cure, by B.N. Kausik, the author argues that the recent growth in income inequality is driven by disparate growth in investment income rather that disparate growth in wages. Specifically, they present evidence that real wages are flat across a range of professions, doctors, software engineers, auto mechanics, and cashiers, while stock ownership favors higher education and income levels. Artificial intelligence and automation allocate an increased share of job tasks toward capital and away from labor. The rewards of automation accrue to capital and are reflected in the growth of the stock market, with several companies now valued in the trillions. The author proposes an investment payroll plan to enable all workers to participate in the rewards of automation and they analyze the performance of such a plan. In A Constitution of Many Minds (Sunstein 2009), Cass Sunstein, Harvard University scholar, argues that taxonomic references to constitutional literalism and purposive constitutionalism are unhelpful because they say much less about whether such philosophies espouse traditionalism, populism, or cosmopolitanism. In this piece, The Purpose of Constitutional Political Economy, Franklin Obeng-Odoom argue that constitutional interpretation is an art of juggling many ways of reasoning. Odoom analyzes these contentions using two recent books by Stephen Breyer and Samuel Kofi Date-Bah, two leading supreme court scholars. They demonstrate the intriguing purpose of constitutional political economy as a challenge to orthodoxy. Chile is the Global South’s “exceptional nation” in terms of wealth and historical development patterns, but most recently it has been aligning with some of the geopolitical area’s traits. In Chile’s New Start, Roland Benedikter and Miguel Zlosilio, the resounding victory of the left under the lead of Gabriel Boric Font (born 1986) in Chile’s December 2021 presidential elections has opened up a new socio-political landscape for the country. At the center of the nation’s potential restart remains once again social policy which traditionally touches upon the core of Chile’s political culture and basic understanding of the institutions. The expectations for a “progressive renewal” are hopeful yet mixed. This article analyzes Chile’s presidential election of 2021 and what the winning of the Social Convergence Party (Convergencia Social) means for the country‘s future. The reasons of the left‘s triumph, the national and the international implications of president Boric’s government, and the cultural and institutional challenges facing the new government in terms of economic reforms could become examples for other areas in the Global South—both in the positive and in the negative sense. Due to its exceptional geographic, socio-cultural and institutional situation Chile may deserve the status of one of those rare “small states” in international affairs that infuse some case study teachin","PeriodicalId":88850,"journal":{"name":"Challenge (Atlanta, Ga.)","volume":"28 1","pages":"91 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82165737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chile’s New Start","authors":"Roland Benedikter, Miguel Zlosilo","doi":"10.1080/05775132.2022.2090749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/05775132.2022.2090749","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Chile is the Global South’s “exceptional nation” in terms of wealth and historical development patterns, but most recently it has been aligning with some of the geopolitical area’s traits. Together with the constitutional reform process, the resounding victory of the left under the lead of Gabriel Boric Font (born 1986) in Chile’s December 2021 presidential elections has opened up a new socio-political landscape for the country. At the center of the nation’s potential restart remains once again social policy which traditionally touches upon the core of Chile’s political culture and basic understanding of the institutions. The expectations for a “progressive renewal” are hopeful yet mixed. This article analyzes Chile‘s presidential election of 2021 and what the winning of the Social Convergence Party (Convergencia Social) means for the country‘s future. The reasons of the left‘s triumph, the national and the international implications of president Boric‘s government, and the cultural and institutional challenges facing the new government in terms of economic reforms could become examples for other areas in the Global South—both in the positive and in the negative sense. Due to its exceptional geographic, socio-cultural and institutional situation Chile may deserve the status of one of those rare “small states” in international affairs that infuse some case study teachings to their peers and the greater global community. Although the nation is relatively unique in its geopolitical environment, its potential as a model of a more balanced future in the Global South can be bigger than its actual regional size and influence.","PeriodicalId":88850,"journal":{"name":"Challenge (Atlanta, Ga.)","volume":"5 1","pages":"113 - 124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79041559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reviewed Work: One Billion Americans: The Case for Thinking Bigger","authors":"Louis Uchitelle","doi":"10.1080/05775132.2021.1912987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/05775132.2021.1912987","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88850,"journal":{"name":"Challenge (Atlanta, Ga.)","volume":"17 1","pages":"146 - 149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87489208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modern Money Theory in the Tropics: A Reply to Agustin Mario","authors":"M. Vernengo, Esteban Pérez Caldentey","doi":"10.1080/05775132.2022.2090751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/05775132.2022.2090751","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper responds to some inaccuracies on the discussion of our views on Modern Money Theory (MMT), as discussed by Agustin Mario. We believe that while is correct in noting that autonomous spending generates taxes, and fiscal balances are a result, MMT authors overlook the difficulties in pursuing expansionary fiscal policy in the developing countries. These are constrained by the existence of an external constraint that cannot be solved with a flexible exchange rate policy regime. Foreign reserves and capital controls are needed.","PeriodicalId":88850,"journal":{"name":"Challenge (Atlanta, Ga.)","volume":"56 1","pages":"125 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90298793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Purpose of Constitutional Political Economy","authors":"F. Obeng-Odoom","doi":"10.1080/05775132.2022.2065108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/05775132.2022.2065108","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In A Constitution of Many Minds (Sunstein 2009), Cass Sunstein, Harvard University scholar, argues that taxonomic references to constitutional literalism and purposive constitutionalism are unhelpful because they say much less about whether such philosophies espouse traditionalism, populism, or cosmopolitanism. Constitutional interpretation is, therefore, an art of juggling many ways of reasoning. In this article, I analyze these contentions using two recent books by Stephen Breyer and Samuel Kofi Date-Bah, two leading supreme court justices. They demonstrate the intriguing purpose of constitutional political economy as a challenge to orthodoxy.","PeriodicalId":88850,"journal":{"name":"Challenge (Atlanta, Ga.)","volume":"43 1","pages":"106 - 112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81496579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introducing Future Studies to ECON 101 Students","authors":"Junaid B. Jahangir","doi":"10.1080/05775132.2022.2046876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/05775132.2022.2046876","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The objective in this paper is to introduce ECON 101 students, who usually learn about stylized neoclassical economics models, to the pressing issues of our times including climate change and economic inequality. In this regard a review of the book, Making Sense of the Future by interdisciplinary scholar, Rick Szostak, is undertaken and paired with ancillary material based on videos and articles. Students will learn that working for a better future does not mean a lifetime of limitless sacrifice, and that they can use their education to push for meaningful change in the world.","PeriodicalId":88850,"journal":{"name":"Challenge (Atlanta, Ga.)","volume":"50 1","pages":"59 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79313026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Awakening from the Chinese Dream","authors":"Arne Jon Isachsen, Thorvaldur Gylfason","doi":"10.1080/05775132.2022.2046881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/05775132.2022.2046881","url":null,"abstract":"While Mao saw China throw off the yoke of foreign powers, and Deng’s reforms increased economic growth, Xi finds new legitimacy in nationalism – emphasizing China’s greatness. When the People’s Republic of China turns one hundred years old in 2049, China will appear as a leading superpower in the world, if not the leading power – economically and politically as well as militarily and scientifically. Whether this Chinese Dream comes true depends not only upon China, but also on how the rest of the world responds and develops. Acknowledgment: The authors thank J on Ormur Halld orsson for his helpful comments on an earlier version of the text. The Olympic Games in Beijing in August 2008 were a glittering show. Many pollution-spewing factories in the neighborhood had been closed a few weeks before so the air was better than usual. The sun smiled. The whole world was taken aback by the impeccable arrangements. The Games were opened to the words of the Analects of Confucius: “It is a joy to have friends come from afar.” Norway’s national poet Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson had a similar saying: “You are foreign, you are welcome! “The maxim of the games, “One World, One Dream,” was expressed thus: “In the Olympian spirit we shall together build a better future for mankind.” As the new General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) four years later, Xi Jinping laid out his own “Chinese Dream,” a rejuvenation of the Middle Kingdom, thus juxtaposing Confucius and Mao. At eight o’clock on the eighth day of the eighth month of 2008 the Olympic Games were opened. With eight being the luckiest number in Chinese culture, the hospitality of the host was destined to shine, and it did. China won the most gold medals even as the United States won the most medals. Three generations of leaders seated at the tribune of honor had three glorious weeks to look forward to. Then top leader, Hu Jintao – President of China from 2003 to 2013 – was there, as well as Jiang Zemin, President 1993–2003. And so was Xi Jinping, recently appointed Vice President. Ready to take over from Hu Jintao as the country’s","PeriodicalId":88850,"journal":{"name":"Challenge (Atlanta, Ga.)","volume":"3 1","pages":"76 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81756669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International Liberalization: Its Implications for Countries’ Social Wellbeing","authors":"Joaquim Vergés-Jaime","doi":"10.1080/05775132.2022.2038885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/05775132.2022.2038885","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The traditional economic theory of international trade has, from its inception, played a crucial role in sustaining the doctrine of economic policy that promotes free foreign trade overall as something beneficial for all parties involved. The paper specifically stresses the need, when assessing the consequences of free international trade (i.e., free imports) on social-economic well-being, to perform analyses that distinguish between social-sectors (within this or that country), as opposed to the usual practice of doing so at the whole country level. It is also discussed here the standard (implicit) assumption that there are sufficient possibilities regarding comparative advantages for every country in the world to exploit one to develop its exports to the point of countervailing the value of its imports under a no-tariffs rule.","PeriodicalId":88850,"journal":{"name":"Challenge (Atlanta, Ga.)","volume":"38 1","pages":"12 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87735768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using ESOPs to Democratize Labor-Based Platforms","authors":"T. Gonza, D. Ellerman","doi":"10.1080/05775132.2022.2038887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/05775132.2022.2038887","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper explores a new strategy to address the problem of “gig-workers” in labor-based platform companies. The two current strategies are (1) regulations (e.g., requiring platforms to recognized workers as employees) or (2) creating new platform cooperatives to compete with the established platforms. The authors propose a third complementary approach, which is democratizing and adapting the Employee Stock Ownership Plan to gain co-ownership in the local subsidiaries of the labor-based platforms (LBP). This option puts a new tool in the hands of the municipal and national regulatory authorities.","PeriodicalId":88850,"journal":{"name":"Challenge (Atlanta, Ga.)","volume":"19 1","pages":"34 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88112734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflections on the Volcker Rule: Innovations in the Financial Services Industry and Fixing Too Big to Succeed","authors":"Koushik Ghosh, Yurim Lee","doi":"10.1080/05775132.2022.2038888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/05775132.2022.2038888","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ever since the financial crisis of 2007–2008, the policy community has woken up to the pressing need for reform of the banking and financial sector. An important goal is to institute structural changes that would maintain robust financial markets and the use of innovative financial products, while preventing the corrosive social and political crises that have bedeviled the world since 2007–2008. The authors analyze and critique how recent rule changes in proprietary trading (Volcker Rule), emergent knowledge about banking structure and the scope of activities of banks, may be employed to reduce systemic risk in the future, and thus avoid costly financial collapses, and damaging political-economic fallout.","PeriodicalId":88850,"journal":{"name":"Challenge (Atlanta, Ga.)","volume":"50 1","pages":"49 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90326170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}