Biophysical reviews and letters最新文献

{"title":"Biomotor is not a Heat Engine","authors":"Yao-Gen Shu, Z. Ou-Yang","doi":"10.1142/s1793048022310014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793048022310014","url":null,"abstract":"ATP synthase (FoF1-ATPase) is the model rotary molecular motor with three sites of ATP syntheses/hydrolyses in the “stator” of F1. The coupling between chemical progress and mechanical one is tight, and both progresses are reversible. Thus, the mechanochemical reversibility of FoF1-ATPase may resemble that of a heat engine. Single-molecule experiment has demonstrated that the efficiency of rotary motor is nearly 100%. However, it is impossible for a heat engine to achieve such high efficiency. On the other hand, kinesin is the model linear biomotor with only two sites of ATP hydrolyses located in the two heads, respectively, while its efficiency is just [Formula: see text]. Myosin V is another processive linear motor with nearly [Formula: see text] efficiency as well. However, the chemical progress of processive linear motors with two heads is irreversible. That is, if they walk backward in hand over hand along with a track by an external force, the energy molecule ATP is not synthesized, but consumed yet. This chemical irreversibility excludes the possibility that kinesin/myosin V can be treated energetically as a heat engine. The most intriguing fact is why the efficiency of a processive linear motor with two sites is just [Formula: see text] of that of a processive rotary motor with three sites.","PeriodicalId":88835,"journal":{"name":"Biophysical reviews and letters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43708836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonequilibrium Transport Induced by Biological Nanomachines","authors":"Yuto Hosaka, S. Komura","doi":"10.1142/S1793048022310026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793048022310026","url":null,"abstract":"Biological nanomachines are nanometer-size macromolecular complexes that catalyze chemical reactions in the presence of substrate molecules. The catalytic functions carried out by such nanomachines in the cytoplasm, and biological membranes are essential for cellular metabolism and homeostasis. During catalytic reactions, enzymes undergo conformational changes induced by substrate binding and product release. In recent years, these conformational dynamics have been considered to account for the nonequilibrium transport phenomena such as diffusion enhancement, chemotaxis, and substantial change in rheological properties, which are observed in biological systems. In this paper, we shall give an overview of the recent theoretical and experimental investigations that deal with nonequilibrium transport phenomena induced by biological nanomachines such as enzymes or proteins.","PeriodicalId":88835,"journal":{"name":"Biophysical reviews and letters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43911304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on Ultrasound Long Bone Fracture Imaging using the Migration Method","authors":"Ruth Kanyana, A. O. Olaniyan, Afam Uzorka","doi":"10.1142/s1793048022500023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793048022500023","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrasound imaging plays a critical role in diagnostics in biomedicine because of its safety, nature, and low cost. Conventional ultrasound systems form images using a focused beam during transmission and dynamic focusing during the reception. The area under examination can be simultaneously insonified using a plane wave, which allows for ultrafast data capture rates but lowers image quality. The resultant image can be improved by coherent plane-wave compounding, in which numerous plane waves are released at different angles to produce distinct image datasets that are then blended to improve the final composite image. This study used the Fourier-domain technique for coherent plane-wave compounding image reconstruction from the image produced by conventional ultrasound to investigate the quality of the image produced compared to the X-ray image. To establish the merits and limitations of this approach, the researchers provided quantitative comparisons with the images obtained by the X-ray machine. The evaluation results are based on the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), mean, and variance. The results obtained showed that the migration method can precisely image the cortical bone fracture and offer good contrast between the bone tissue and the subcutaneous tissues.","PeriodicalId":88835,"journal":{"name":"Biophysical reviews and letters","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41383266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamical System Analysis of a Mathematical Model of Mild Atherosclerosis","authors":"D. Mukherjee","doi":"10.1142/s1793048022500011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793048022500011","url":null,"abstract":"Atherosclerosis, a long-term inflammatory affliction, occurs due to plaque accumulation in the intima, the innermost layer of artery. It is one of the prime causes of deaths from several cardio-vascular diseases. The primary interaction between oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL) and macrophages in forming fatty steak is presented here in terms of a nonlinear reaction-diffusion system in one spatial dimension under Neumann boundary conditions. Both the spatio-temporal and the temporal models are analyzed qualitatively. Numerical simulations of both the model systems lead to three significant model parameters with respect to which bifurcations are found. Bifurcating parameters indicate possible developments of various therapeutic strategies in order to establish any preventative measures for an individual or group of patients. It has been found that ingestion rate of oxidized LDL by macrophages has a great impact on the plaque forming process.","PeriodicalId":88835,"journal":{"name":"Biophysical reviews and letters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47734120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Author Index Volume 16 (2021)","authors":"","doi":"10.1142/s1793048021990010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793048021990010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88835,"journal":{"name":"Biophysical reviews and letters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47915592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conductivity Mechanism of Ion–DNA Interaction in Dilute Solution","authors":"Lingyun Zhang","doi":"10.1142/s1793048021500077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793048021500077","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose an impurity scattering model of quasi-one-dimensional disordered system for ion–DNA interaction in dilute solution based on the density of state in non-periodic DNA. This disordered system is composed of cations and DNA, the hydrogen ions adsorbed on the surface of DNA with negative charges are considered as impurities. It is hydrogen ions in hydration layer that cause the variations of the density of state near the Fermi level. The classical theory describes the linear dependence of conductivity on concentration. By developing the Green function approach of ion–DNA interaction in the dilute solution, the quantum theory not only gives the linear part but also demonstrates the nonlinear part of the conductivity.","PeriodicalId":88835,"journal":{"name":"Biophysical reviews and letters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43904925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Figure-of-Merit for a Long-Term Survivorship of a Species Determined from the Short-Term Mortality Rate of Its Individual Organisms","authors":"E. Suhir","doi":"10.1142/s1793048021500065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793048021500065","url":null,"abstract":"The two analytical (“mathematical”) probabilistic predictive models considered in this analysis suggest that (1) the nonrandom time-derivative of the long-term mortality rate at a rather arbitrary initial moment of time for a particular type of species of interest can be viewed as a suitable physical or biological criterion, a sort of a figure of merit (FoM), of its long-term viability/survivorship and that (2) this derivative can be determined as the variance of the random mortality rate for the significantly shorter, of course, lifespan of the individual organisms that the type of species as a whole, addressed by the first model, is comprised of. This suggestion is obtained as a modification and extension of and as an “analogy” to a concept that the author developed earlier in application to microelectronics products. So, it is assumed in our approach that the long-term survivorship of a species comprised of numerous individual organisms is analogous to the long-term performance of an electronic product comprised of numerous mass-produced components. In the original research, it was shown that the time-derivative at the initial moment of time of the nonrandom infant mortality portion (IMP) of the bathtub curve (BTC) for an electronic product is, in effect, the variance of the random failure rate (RFR) of the mass-produced components that this product is comprised of, and it is assumed that such an analogy is applicable also to the long-term survivorship of a species comprised of numerous individual organisms. The larger this variance, the shorter is the expected long-term lifetime (survivorship) of the species as a whole. Future work should be focused, first of all, on the verification of the trustworthiness of our basic assumption for different species, including humans, and on the accumulation of statistical data for long-term survivorship of various species and their existing or future habitats, with consideration of the roles of gravity, temperature, level of radiation, attributes of the atmosphere, if any, etc., as well as on calculating lifespan variances for the organisms that the species of interest are comprised of.","PeriodicalId":88835,"journal":{"name":"Biophysical reviews and letters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46261136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supramolecular Chemistry of Folic Acid — Experimental and Computational Investigation","authors":"Pravalika Butreddy, Selina Laws, Premitha Pansalawatte, E. Laws, H. Rathnayake","doi":"10.1142/s1793048021500053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793048021500053","url":null,"abstract":"Supramolecular chemistry of folic acid is studied and revealed by exploring its assembly and disassembly process in a liquid–liquid interface. Experimental and computational studies are conducted to understand the interfacial interactions of folic acid in a oil-in-water interface by investigating the role of folic acid’s critical aggregation concentration (CAC), molecular arrangement, and intermolecular interactions at the molecular level. The folic acid’s CAC, determined from the concentration-dependent UV–vis absorption spectra in water/methanol solvent system, is found to be 2.72[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M. The sigmoidal behavior of folic acid’s maximum absorbances with respect to different folic acid concentrations reveals the nature of the self-assembly dynamics and aggregative assemblies’ formation by three signature phases, in which CAC lies in the second phase — the growth phase. The computational studies reveal the intermolecular interactions and molecular orientation of folic acid molecules. They interact each other via H2-bonding between carboxylic acid groups in two glutamate units and two amine groups in pteridine units and [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] interactions between pteridine units and phenyl units, orienting two units in a parallel stacked arrangement. Correlating the computed intermolecular interactions and structural orientation of folic acid with its solid-state crystal packing structure has provided strong evidence supporting its supramolecular chemistry and assembly dynamics to make nanoassemblies in a liquid–liquid interface.","PeriodicalId":88835,"journal":{"name":"Biophysical reviews and letters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44988735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Search for Brain Bifurcation Parameters: Lessons From FMRI Studies on Visual Illusions","authors":"T. Frank, P. Stowik","doi":"10.1142/s1793048021500041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793048021500041","url":null,"abstract":"Data from three functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies that involved in total about 100 participants and showed that the strength of several visual illusions such as the Ebbinghaus, Ponzo, and Muller-Lyer illusions depends on neuroanatomical subject measures such as visual cortex surface area and parahippocampal cortex gray matter volume were evaluated using a dynamical systems perspective to determine brain bifurcation parameters. Bifurcation parameters that involved power laws and captured relational dependencies were fitted separately to the three fMRI studies. The bifurcation parameter hypothesis that states that such parameters show unique quantities and are no longer correlated to structural systems properties was tested. The power law exponents and mean bifurcation parameter values were determined. For all three studies and three illusion types, the bifurcation parameter hypothesis was supported. Accordingly, the constructed parameters characterized the reactions of the participants under the Ebbinghaus, Ponzo, and Muller-Lyer illusions in terms of unique threshold values that no longer depended on neuroanatomical subject measures. Power law exponents in the range from 1 to 7 were found. The fMRI data describing gray matter volume of certain active regions in the parahippocampal cortex showed some interesting relationship between the mean bifurcation parameter values.","PeriodicalId":88835,"journal":{"name":"Biophysical reviews and letters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49180681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Possibility of Quantum Medicine in Cancer Research: A Review","authors":"M. Faramarzpour, Mohammadreza Ghaderinia, Hamed Abadijoo, H. Aghababa","doi":"10.1142/S1793048021300012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793048021300012","url":null,"abstract":"There is no doubt that quantum mechanics has become one of the building blocks of our physical world today. It is one of the most rapidly growing fields of science that can potentially change every aspect of our life. Quantum biology is one of the most essential parts of this era which can be considered as a game-changer in medicine especially in the field of cancer. Despite quantum biology having gained more attention during the last decades, there are still so many unanswered questions concerning cancer biology and so many unpaved roads in this regard. This review paper is an effort to answer the question of how biological phenomena such as cancer can be described through the quantum mechanical framework. In other words, is there a correlation between cancer biology and quantum mechanics, and how? This literature review paper reports on the recently published researches based on the principles of quantum physics with focus on cancer biology and metabolism.","PeriodicalId":88835,"journal":{"name":"Biophysical reviews and letters","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45430463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}