The open vaccine journal最新文献

LETTER TO THE EDITOR: Comment on Dr. Joel A. Harrison´s "Wrong About Vaccine Safety" 致编辑的信:对Joel A. Harrison博士的“关于疫苗安全的错误”的评论

The open vaccine journal Pub Date : 2014-03-07 DOI: 10.2174/1875035401306010026

J. A. Harrison

引用次数: 0

Wrong About Vaccine Safety: A Review of Andrew Wakefield’s “Callous Disregard” 疫苗安全的错误:安德鲁·韦克菲尔德的“无情漠视”评论

The open vaccine journal Pub Date : 2013-12-27 DOI: 10.2174/1875035420131126002

J. A. Harrison

引用次数: 2

Child Nutrition and Health Campaign in 2012 in Zambia: Coverage Rates for Measles, Oral Polio Vaccine, Vitamin A, and De-worming 赞比亚2012年儿童营养和健康运动:麻疹、口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗、维生素A和驱虫的覆盖率

The open vaccine journal Pub Date : 2013-08-07 DOI: 10.2174/1876973X20130611001

O. Babaniyi, S. Siziya, V. Mukonka, P. Kalesha, H. Mutambo, B. Matapo, Henry Musanje

{"title":"Child Nutrition and Health Campaign in 2012 in Zambia: Coverage Rates for Measles, Oral Polio Vaccine, Vitamin A, and De-worming","authors":"O. Babaniyi, S. Siziya, V. Mukonka, P. Kalesha, H. Mutambo, B. Matapo, Henry Musanje","doi":"10.2174/1876973X20130611001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876973X20130611001","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Vaccines mitigate the severity of the diseases, prevent infections, and reduce the complications associated with infections. Following the 2012 measles campaign in Zambia, a cross sectional study was conducted to es- timate coverage rates for measles, Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV), Vitamin A, and de-worming. Materials and Methods: Using a cluster sampling method, 9 children were sampled for measles vaccination, Vitamin A and de-worming from each of the 40 clusters, and sampled 9 children in each of the 22 out of 40 clusters for OPV vacci- nation where it was distributed. Estimates and their 95 % confidence intervals are reported. Results: Data were available for analysis from 359 parent/care taker children pairs to determine measles coverage, 190 for OPV supplementation coverage, 270 for Vitamin A coverage, and 336 for de-worming coverage. Most of the children were aged 1 or 2 years (57.8% in measles sample, 62.9% in OPV sample, 61.8% in Vitamin A sample, and 63.6% in de- worming sample). A total of 345 (96.1%) children were vaccinated against measles. A total of 157 (83.1%) children re- ceived OPV, 257 (95.5%) received Vitamin A, and 313 (93.4%) were de-wormed. About 6 in 10 of the respondents re- ported that the health worker was the source of information and the key messages were encouraging children to go for vaccination and advantages for vaccination. Conclusion: The 2012 measles campaign in Zambia was a great success but continued efforts are needed to adhere to the World Health Organization/United Nations Children's Fund (WHO/UNICEF) strategy to control measles.","PeriodicalId":88763,"journal":{"name":"The open vaccine journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68151518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Elastase-Dependant Live Attenuated Swine Influenza Virus Vaccine in Pigs 猪的弹性酶依赖性减毒猪流感病毒活疫苗

The open vaccine journal Pub Date : 2012-05-03 DOI: 10.2174/1875035401205010028

Aleksandar Mašić

{"title":"Elastase-Dependant Live Attenuated Swine Influenza Virus Vaccine in Pigs","authors":"Aleksandar Mašić","doi":"10.2174/1875035401205010028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1875035401205010028","url":null,"abstract":"Swine influenza (SI) is an acute, highly contagious, respiratory disease of swine caused by influenza A viruses. In addition, SI infections possess significant human public health concerns as they may serve as intermediate host for the generation of new pandemic viruses. Vaccination is still the primary method for the prevention and control of SI. Currently, commercially available vaccines against SI are a combination of inactivated swine influenza viruses (SIVs) with oil adjuvant. Their application induces mainly humoral immune response, which may not be protective against virus variation in the field. In contrast, application of live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV) mimics natural infection and induces strong, cell-mediated and humoral immunity. Furthermore, LAIV induces cross-protective immunity against different subtypes of influenza A viruses and are currently unavailable for SI. Using reverse genetics technology we generated mutant SIVs with the modified cleavage site within hemagglutinin (HA) segment. These viruses are fully dependent on the presence of human neutrophil elastase for their growth in tissue culture and are completely attenuated when administered to pigs. Furthermore, application of these live attenuated, elastase-dependent swine influenza viruses as a live vaccines resulted in the significant protective humoral (systemic and mucosal), cell-mediated and cross-reactive immunity in pigs. The purpose of this review is to provide recent advances in SIV live vaccine development by modifying the hemagglutinin cleavage site. Here, we review the design and generation of elastase- dependent mutant SIV by reverse genetics; evaluation of its genetic stability and pathogenicity in pigs; evaluation of its immunogenicity and protection efficacy after intratracheal and intranasal application to diverse SIV challenges including 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus.","PeriodicalId":88763,"journal":{"name":"The open vaccine journal","volume":"5 1","pages":"28-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68105241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding How Plasmodium falciparum Binds to the Placenta and Produces Pathology Provides a Rationale for Pregnancy-Associated Malaria Vaccine Development 了解恶性疟原虫如何与胎盘结合并产生病理，为妊娠相关疟疾疫苗的开发提供了理论依据

The open vaccine journal Pub Date : 2012-03-16 DOI: 10.2174/1875035401205010008

L. Morley

{"title":"Understanding How Plasmodium falciparum Binds to the Placenta and Produces Pathology Provides a Rationale for Pregnancy-Associated Malaria Vaccine Development","authors":"L. Morley","doi":"10.2174/1875035401205010008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1875035401205010008","url":null,"abstract":"By adulthood repeated exposure to Plasmodium falciparum, the causative agent of the most severe form of malaria in humans, can induce semi-immunity to clinical infection. During pregnancy, however, there is a striking recurrence of severe disease, a syndrome described as pregnancy-associated malaria (PAM). This is caused by P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes binding to receptors on the placental endothelium that are expressed uniquely during pregnancy. This subset of parasites binds by virtue of expressing a cell surface antigen that is the ligand for the corresponding endothelial receptor, thereby providing a selective pressure for its clonal expansion. The antigen also triggers a protective antibody-mediated immune response. With subsequent pregnancies and further exposure to these variant parasites, antibodies develop earlier and women may experience milder infections. Women with PAM exhibit more severe malaria infections than do non-gravid women, with 2,500-10,000 deaths each year due to haemolytic anaemia. PAM also has a detrimental effect on the foetus, increasing the risk of low birth weight, which causes 60,000- 200,000 infant deaths annually in sub-Saharan Africa. Current research aims to produce a vaccine to stimulate development of antibodies which would be protective against infection with wild-type parasites. This is hampered by significant diversity in variant surface antigens and available vaccine candidates may only protect women living in malaria-endemic areas. While placental-parasite interactions are not sufficiently understood, incremental progress is being made towards producing an effective vaccine. This review focuses on the molecular structures involved in binding to consider the prospects for a vaccine mimicking naturally-acquired immunity to PAM.","PeriodicalId":88763,"journal":{"name":"The open vaccine journal","volume":"5 1","pages":"8-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68105228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

COMMENTARY Child Immunization Cards: Essential Yet Underutilized in National Immunization Programmes 儿童免疫卡:国家免疫规划中必不可少但未得到充分利用

The open vaccine journal Pub Date : 2012-02-14 DOI: 10.2174/1875035401205010001

David W Brown

引用次数: 32

Is A Universal, One Dose Cholera Vaccine Possible? 一剂通用的霍乱疫苗可能吗?

The open vaccine journal Pub Date : 2011-12-01 DOI: 10.2174/1875035401104010018

W. Wade

{"title":"Is A Universal, One Dose Cholera Vaccine Possible?","authors":"W. Wade","doi":"10.2174/1875035401104010018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1875035401104010018","url":null,"abstract":"The Gram negative bacterium, Vibrio cholerae (Vc) causes cholera, an enteric disease that has killed untold numbers of humans. In the 19 th century, whole-cell (W-C) cholera vaccines were tested in humans. Field trials (1960s- 70s) of injected, killed W-C (kW-C) Vc showed cholera-specific immune responses (antibodies, Abs) could be induced with a single dose in certain cohorts, but more durable immunity was sought with oral cholera vaccines. Newer, killed (two doses) and later modified live (one dose) W-C cholera vaccines for oral delivery were developed and extensively tested. After over 200 years, no consensus exists as to what are protective Vc antigens or how to identify them. An endur- ing cholera vaccine for children <5 years of age and Vc-antigen naive individuals is still needed. The cholera outbreak in Haiti underscores some unresolved issues associated with the current cholera vaccines. Annually, is there enough cholera vaccine for those who need it? Who needs to be vaccinated and when? Given the displacement of populations during flooding like in Pakistan or in Haiti due to an earthquake, can a single dose of the kW-C cholera vaccine function to pre- vent or to contain an outbreak? What does 'working' entail: solely preventing deaths, or that plus long term immunity? Can a single formulation of Vc antigens be used for endemic or epidemic cholera which may require reactive vaccination for epidemics, but prophylactic vaccination for endemic cholera? The immunologic realities given the logistic issues for the different needs of a cholera vaccine are discussed.","PeriodicalId":88763,"journal":{"name":"The open vaccine journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"18-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68105135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

The 1916 New York City Epidemic of Poliomyelitis: Where did the Virus Come From? 1916年纽约市脊髓灰质炎流行:病毒从何而来?

The open vaccine journal Pub Date : 2011-06-24 DOI: 10.2174/1875035401104010013

H. Wyatt

引用次数: 2

Immunization in Adolescents: Past, Present and Future 青少年免疫:过去、现在和未来

The open vaccine journal Pub Date : 2011-06-20 DOI: 10.2174/1875035401104010003

C. Mameli, V. Fabiano, G. Zuccotti

引用次数: 2

COMMENTARY/LETTER The Decade of Vaccines: An Opportunity to Prioritize Data Collection, Analysis and Use within National Immunisation Programmes 疫苗十年:在国家免疫规划中优先收集、分析和使用数据的机会

The open vaccine journal Pub Date : 2011-04-13 DOI: 10.2174/1875035401104010001

David W Brown

引用次数: 2