The open tropical medicine journal最新文献

Analysis of Seroconversion Rate and Factors Associated with Toxoplasmosis in a Rural Area of an Extra-Amazonian Region in Brazil: A Cohort Study 巴西亚马逊流域外农村地区弓形虫病血清转换率及相关因素分析:一项队列研究

The open tropical medicine journal Pub Date : 2014-04-18 DOI: 10.2174/1874315301407010001

J. C. Buery, B. Fux, R. Vitor, F. Sartori, Crispim Cerutti Junior

{"title":"Analysis of Seroconversion Rate and Factors Associated with Toxoplasmosis in a Rural Area of an Extra-Amazonian Region in Brazil: A Cohort Study","authors":"J. C. Buery, B. Fux, R. Vitor, F. Sartori, Crispim Cerutti Junior","doi":"10.2174/1874315301407010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874315301407010001","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Toxoplasmosis is caused by the intracellular protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, which has a worldwide distribution. Here, in the first study of asymptomatic infection by this protozoan in the state of Espirito Santo, Brazil, we present an analysis of the prevalence and annual incidence of asymptomatic cases of toxoplasmosis in a rural area of this state. Methods: Plasma samples from 79 individuals who had responded to questionnaires were analyzed by IgG ELISA, and positive cases were subjected to an IgG avidity test. Follow-up lasted one year and consisted of quarterly visits. Results: Of the 79 individuals assessed, 67.1% were positive for IgG anti-Toxoplasma gondii, and the incidence was 6.2 per 100 person-years of observation. No statistically significant association was found between toxoplasmosis and contact with cats or between toxoplasmosis and consumption of pork, mutton or lamb, even if these were undercooked or raw. According to the multivariate analysis, the only risk factor related to infection appears to be increasing age (OR = 1.086). Confirming the data in the literature, the statistical analysis showed that with every additional year of age the risk of contracting toxoplasmosis increase by 8.6%. Conclusion: The inhabitants of rural communities in the mountainous region of Espirito Santo are very exposed to Toxoplasma gondii and know very little about the disease, making them vulnerable to exposure.","PeriodicalId":88762,"journal":{"name":"The open tropical medicine journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68069632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Genetic Variability and Evidence of Two Distinct Lineages of Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicidae) on São Luís Island in Maranhão, Brazil 巴西maranh<e:1> s<s:1> o Luís岛埃及伊蚊(双翅目，库蚊科)两个不同谱系的遗传变异及证据

The open tropical medicine journal Pub Date : 2013-12-30 DOI: 10.2174/1874315301306010011

E. Fraga, D. R. Oliveira, D. G. Aragão, H. Schneider, I. Sampaio, M. C. Barros

{"title":"Genetic Variability and Evidence of Two Distinct Lineages of Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicidae) on São Luís Island in Maranhão, Brazil","authors":"E. Fraga, D. R. Oliveira, D. G. Aragão, H. Schneider, I. Sampaio, M. C. Barros","doi":"10.2174/1874315301306010011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874315301306010011","url":null,"abstract":"Aedes aegypti is the principal vector of the yellow fever virus and the four dengue serotypes and its hemorrhag- ic fever viruses. The genetic variability and differentiation of four Aedes aegypti populations from Sao Luis Island in the Brazilian state of Maranhao was analyzed based on the sequences of a fragment of the mitochondrial ND4 gene. A total of 58 sequences of 337 bps were analyzed, revealing the existence of 10 haplotypes, of which five were considered to be unique. Haplotype diversity for the total population was 0.6273 and nucleotide diversity 0.00748. The haplotype tree pro- duced from the data indicated the presence of two mitochondrial lineages of the dengue vector, one of which was charac- terized by the H6 haplotype, found only in the population from one site (Raposa), and may represent the recent introduc- tion of this lineage to the island. The results of the AMOVA indicated that the majority of the genetic variation (74.38%) was found within populations. However, the significant Fst value of 0.2572 indicates a certain inter-population differen- tiation which may result in differences in the vectorial capacity of the insect, its susceptibility to the virus or even re- sistance to insecticides or other ecological adaptations, all of which may limit the effectiveness of programs for the control of Ae. aegypti.","PeriodicalId":88762,"journal":{"name":"The open tropical medicine journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"11-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68069565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Occurrence of Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicidae) in a Dengue Transmission Area at Coastal Maranhão State, Brazil 巴西maranh<e:1>州沿海登革热传播区埃及伊蚊(双翅目，库蚊科)的发生情况

The open tropical medicine journal Pub Date : 2013-12-27 DOI: 10.2174/1874315301306010005

J. M. Bezerra, J. P. Miranda, J. P. N. Neto, A. C. Cruz, W. Tadei, V. C. Pinheiro

{"title":"Occurrence of Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicidae) in a Dengue Transmission Area at Coastal Maranhão State, Brazil","authors":"J. M. Bezerra, J. P. Miranda, J. P. N. Neto, A. C. Cruz, W. Tadei, V. C. Pinheiro","doi":"10.2174/1874315301306010005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874315301306010005","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to estimate the occurrence of Aedes aegypti adults at distinct climatic seasons at neighbor- hoods from the municipality of Sao Luis, Maranhao State, Brazil, as well as to verify the presence of Dengue virus (DENV) in the specimens collected. A total of 320 properties were visited in eight neighborhoods that were previously randomly chosen. Samplings were made at three periods: dry season/2008, rainy season/2009 and dry season/2009. A to- tal of 563 Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were collected, with 141 of them collected during dry season/2008, 272 during rainy season/2009 and the remnant, during dry season/2009. Specimen were divided into lots and subjected to RT-semi-nested- PCR analysis and virus isolation was carried out using cell culture (C6/36 clone) of Ae. albopictus. The number of adults significantly varied at the neighborhoods of Coreia de Baixo, Lira, Joao Paulo, and Conjunto Cohatrac I. Molecular anal- yses of specimens showed no positivity for DENV. At the municipality of Sao Luis, seasonal climate variation might in- fluence the density of Ae. aegypti adults, however, other factors such as population density, sanitation conditions, and the presence of mosquito breeding sites ought to be assessed as important parameters influencing vector dispersion.","PeriodicalId":88762,"journal":{"name":"The open tropical medicine journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"5-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68069553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Raised Gastric Hydrochloric Acid Levels in Gnetum Africana Consump- tion but Low Levels in Talinum Trangulare Admixture 食用非洲草可提高胃盐酸水平，而食用三角talium合剂可降低胃盐酸水平

The open tropical medicine journal Pub Date : 2013-03-08 DOI: 10.2174/1874315301306010001

E. O. Jimmy, U. German

引用次数: 2

LETTER TO THE EDITOR Glossina Spp: An Auxiliary/Accidental Vector for Mansonella perstans in Eastern Province of Zambia? 给编辑的信:Glossina Spp:赞比亚东部省持久曼索菌的辅助/偶然载体?

The open tropical medicine journal Pub Date : 2012-09-07 DOI: 10.2174/1874315301205010012

Mwanakasale Victor, Songolo Peter, Ziba Musa, A. Ernest, F. Kolala

引用次数: 0

Genetic Differentiation in Species of Anopheles from the Subgenera Nyssorhynchus Based on Mitochondrial DNA 基于线粒体DNA的新吻按蚊亚属物种遗传分化研究

The open tropical medicine journal Pub Date : 2012-03-22 DOI: 10.2174/1874315301205010006

R. Borges-Moroni, E. Fraga, J. D. F. Maia, W. Tadei, J. M. Santos

{"title":"Genetic Differentiation in Species of Anopheles from the Subgenera Nyssorhynchus Based on Mitochondrial DNA","authors":"R. Borges-Moroni, E. Fraga, J. D. F. Maia, W. Tadei, J. M. Santos","doi":"10.2174/1874315301205010006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874315301205010006","url":null,"abstract":"Our group analyzed species of Anopheles of the subgenus Nyssorhynchus (An. darlingi, An. marajoara, An. oswaldoi, An. benarrochi, An. triannulatus and An. rangeli) and a single species of the subgenus Anopheles (An. mattogrossensis), originating in the Amazon, based on the mitochondrial DNA control region. The fragment had 381 pb and the nucleotide composition in A+T ranged from 85.8 to 89.5%. DNA polymorphism analysis of the species detected 15 haplotypes, with the presence of 81 polymorphic loci, 95 mutations, haplotypic divergence of 0.879, nucleotide diversity of 0.06507, nucleotide differences pair the pair mean of 23.1749, and the observed and expected variances of 113.840 and 8.33, respectively. The genetic distance among the Anopheles species varied from 0.06 to 1.37%. An. oswaldoi and An. rangeli were the most similar, with nucleotide divergence of 0.17%. The An. benarrochi populations of Ji-Parana and Bolivia showed nucleotide divergence of 0.06%. An. darlingi, An. marajoara and An. triannulatus presented nucleotide divergences of 0.35% between An. triannulatus and An. darlingiand of 0.47% between An. darlingi and An. marajoara. This data showed ample interspecific nucleotide variation, though with low nucleotide divergence. The cladogram separated the species of the subgenus Nyssorhynchus and those of the subgenera Cellia and Anopheles, with 98% bootstrap. The region control data did not show strong phylogenetic support, as indicated by the transition/transversion mean rate (0.4643), which is necessary for increasing fragment size and using other more conservative genes for greater inference concerning the phylogeny of the Anopheles species of the subgenus Nyssorhynchus.","PeriodicalId":88762,"journal":{"name":"The open tropical medicine journal","volume":"5 1","pages":"6-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68068463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Solid state fermentation: An effective method for lovastatin production by fungi-a mini review 固态发酵:真菌生产洛伐他汀的有效方法综述

The open tropical medicine journal Pub Date : 2012-03-09 DOI: 10.2174/1874315301205010001

V. Praveen, J. Savitha

引用次数: 11

Are Guidelines for Field Treatment of Leprosy Reactions Evidence-Based? A Comprehensive Literature Review 麻风病反应现场治疗指南有证据吗?综合文献综述

The open tropical medicine journal Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1874315301003010018

P. D. Koning, J. Ende

引用次数: 0

Brain Damages by Tripanossoma cruzi Increased Blood Brain Barrier Permeability in Holtzman Rats: Blood Brain Barrier Permeability in Chagas' Disease 克氏锥虫引起的脑损伤增加了Holtzman大鼠血脑屏障通透性:恰加斯病的血脑屏障通透性

The open tropical medicine journal Pub Date : 2011-12-16 DOI: 10.2174/1874315301104010039

J. Mata, F. R. Mata, H. Nishijo, T. Aversi-Ferreira

{"title":"Brain Damages by Tripanossoma cruzi Increased Blood Brain Barrier Permeability in Holtzman Rats: Blood Brain Barrier Permeability in Chagas' Disease","authors":"J. Mata, F. R. Mata, H. Nishijo, T. Aversi-Ferreira","doi":"10.2174/1874315301104010039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874315301104010039","url":null,"abstract":"The T. cruzi strains are a complex of multi-clonal populations that affects the brain with more severity in children or young animals, suggesting that functional immaturity of the blood brain barrier (BBB) might be involved in T. cruzi infection in the brain. This study investigated relationships between BBB permeability and T. cruzi infection in the rat brain. The animals were inoculated with one of 3 strains of T. cruzi at 30 days of age, and BBB permeability was increased by subcutaneous kainic acid injection in half of the infected animals. The animals were sacrificed at 13 days of infection. The brain sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The all brains of the infected animals with and without kainic acid showed both glial nodules and perivascular infiltrates due to T. cruzi infection. Number of these glial nodules was counted in each rat, and statistical comparison indicated that kainic acid-treatment significantly increased mean numbers of glial nodules in all of the rats infected with the 3 strains. The results indicated that the increased BBB permeability was one of the factors for facilitation of the entry of T. cruzi into the brain.","PeriodicalId":88762,"journal":{"name":"The open tropical medicine journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"39-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68068414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Kinetics of Plasmodium falciparum Gametocyte Sex Ratios: Application to the Evaluation of the Potential of Antimalarial Drugs to Influence Malaria Transmission 恶性疟原虫配子体性别比例动力学:应用于抗疟药物影响疟疾传播潜力的评估

The open tropical medicine journal Pub Date : 2011-10-05 DOI: 10.2174/1874315301104010033

G. Gbotosho, A. Sowunmi, C. Happi

{"title":"Kinetics of Plasmodium falciparum Gametocyte Sex Ratios: Application to the Evaluation of the Potential of Antimalarial Drugs to Influence Malaria Transmission","authors":"G. Gbotosho, A. Sowunmi, C. Happi","doi":"10.2174/1874315301104010033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874315301104010033","url":null,"abstract":"A non-compartment pharmacokinetic model was used to evaluate the potential of antimalarial drugs to influence malaria transmission using the ratio of sex specific gametocyte half-lives male:female- the gametocyte maleness index (GMI), and the ratio of the sex specific area inscribed by the plot of gametocyte sex density versus time curves AUCmg:AUCfg- the gametocyte maleness load index (GMLI). Data on gametocyte sexes collected in children with symptomatic Plasmodium falciparum malaria who were treated with various antimalarial drugs in an endemic area were examined using the two indices. Both GMI and GMLI were positively correlated (r = 0.71, P 1 for 4- aminoquinolines and antifolates suggesting potential for increasing the chance of mosquito infectivity. By contrast, artesunate and artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs), artemether-lumefantrine, and artesunate-amodiaquine, and a non-ACT, amodiaquine plus sulfalene-pyrimethamine, had ratios < 1 suggesting potential for reducing the chance of mosquito infectivity. The advantages and drawbacks of using these indices as tools in assessing the influence of antimalarials on transmission potentials in endemic areas of malaria are discussed.","PeriodicalId":88762,"journal":{"name":"The open tropical medicine journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"33-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68068404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2