The open psychiatry journal最新文献

{"title":"Structural and Functional Neuroimaging Findings in Delusional Disorder: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications","authors":"A. González-Rodríguez, O. Molina-Andreu, Rafael Penadé, R. Catalán, M. Bernardo","doi":"10.2174/1874354401509010017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874354401509010017","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although structural and functional abnormalities have been found in patients with schizophrenia, very few studies have investigated neuroimaging features in delusional disorder patients. We conducted a review of the literature to assess the evidence for specific neuroimaging changes in delusional disorder on brain structures and functions. Method: We reviewed the literature on structural and functional neuroimaging studies of delusional disorder between 1980 and April 2014. The search was conducted through MEDLINE, Pubmed and Web of Knowledge, using the following key words: delusional disorder, neuroimaging, brain imaging, magnetic resonance, MRI, computerized tomography, TC, single photon emission tomography, SPECT, functional magnetic resonance, fMRI, positron emission tomography, PET and spectroscopy. Results: According to our inclusion criteria, 15 studies were included in the review. 14 studies reported structural brain data, and 10 studies reported functional findings. Due to the heterogeneity of the neuroimaging techniques, a meta- analysis could not be conducted. The vast majority of structural neuroimaging studies found brain atrophy and white matter lesions in DD patients, particularly in the temporoparietal or frontal lobes. Functional neuroimaging studies pointed to the temporal and parietal lobes, as well as the basal ganglia, as potential brain areas implicated in the clinical manifestation of DD, particularly in those patients affected with the somatic type, and as potential neuroimaging markers of clinical response in these populations. Conclusion: Temporo-parietal, prefrontal, and basal ganglia dysfunction, as well as dysfunctions in other specific brain regions, may be implicated in the core symptoms of delusional patients. More complex functional brain network analyses and multivariate statistics would provide higher evidence in future research.","PeriodicalId":88755,"journal":{"name":"The open psychiatry journal","volume":"523 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77870957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Anxiety Level of Child with Parental and PatientFactors During Preoperative Anesthesia Visit","authors":"R. Babazade, B. Dogangun, Pervin Sutas-Bozkurt, G. Güngör, L. Kayaalp","doi":"10.2174/1874354401509010011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874354401509010011","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Preoperative anxiety in children is an important concern for the anesthesiologist. In our study, we aimed to determine the association between parental and patient factors with patients' anxiety during the preoperative anesthesia visit and additionally, aimed to inform clinicians about the parents' concerns and effects of culture. Methods: Following the faculty ethical committee's approval, written consent was obtained from the parents of eligible children undergoing various surgical and radiological procedures under general anesthesia. The parents were given a socio-demographic questionnaire and both the child and the parents completed the Spielberger State -Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Results: A total of 117 children were enrolled. The majority of children were boys (67%) and the mean age was 10.2 (years). Children had mean state anxiety scores of 47.8 ± 7.4 and mean trait anxiety scores of 33.8 ± 7. There was a significant negative correlation between child state and child trait anxiety (r=-.39, moderate strength, p<0.001). Parent's state and trait anxiety scores had significant correlation. Poorly educated parents had significantly higher state anxiety scores (p<0.001). We did not find any statistically significant relationship between other factors and state anxiety scores of either the children or the parents. Eleven of the parents who had replied to the open ended question (n=55) asked for further information about the surgery and anesthesia to reduce anxiety level; others mainly stated that they were confident that the physicians will do their best to take care of their children.","PeriodicalId":88755,"journal":{"name":"The open psychiatry journal","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90063739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of Psychiatric Morbidity Before and After a War in Lebanon at Twelve Months Following Cessation of Hostilities","authors":"L. Farhood","doi":"10.2174/1874354401408010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874354401408010001","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study is a reassessment of the prevalence and predictors of psychiatric disorders in a general population from South Lebanon conducted one year after the July war in 2007, and was thereafter compared to an assessment conducted one year pre-war in 2005 on the same population. This study aims to (1) assess for PTSD, depression and general health in South Lebanon 1 year after the month-long July war, and (2) to report on the results and compare them to pre-war findings in the same population. Method: This study assessed PTSD, depression, and general health (GHQ) using the Beck Depression Inventory, Harvard Trauma Questionnaire and General Health Questionnaire. The sample consisted of 681 citizens from six villages in South Lebanon using a cross sectional design through random sampling. This sample was compared to another sample of 632 Lebanese citizens interviewed in 2005 before the outbreak of the July war. Results: Findings revealed a drop in PTSD symptoms in the 2007 sample at a rate of 17.9% from 24.1% in 2005. There was no significant change in depression except in the 60 and above age group. A drop in GHQ-28 scores in 2007 was also observed (4.2 in 2007 from 6.7 in 2005, p value = <0.001). Conclusion: This reassessment is further evidence that prevalence of mental disorders is difficult to capture in war-torn areas. Social contexts may play a more important role in mental health outcomes of trauma events experienced in developing countries whose civilians suffer continuous armed conflict.","PeriodicalId":88755,"journal":{"name":"The open psychiatry journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78741594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical Professionalism in the U.S.: Under Vigorous Challenge by International medical graduate committee of gap","authors":"M. Kramer, M. Dewan, Antony Fernandez, R. Gogineni, Jeff Goldberg, H. Hamoda, Ramotse Saunders, A. Sciolla, Jacob Sperber, N. Rao","doi":"10.2174/1874354401307010009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874354401307010009","url":null,"abstract":"The values of American culture have changed and this has led since 1970 to a competition with traditional medical values. The social forces that have stirred a reconsideration of core medical values come from 1. economic, 2. institutional and 3. life style sources and is related to efforts by non-service providers to gain profits from medical services and the attempts by both governmental and non-governmental sources to control the cost of medical care. The actions of physicians will be assessed based on how well their behavior conforms to the ethical precepts of the profession. Being instructed in what the ethical precepts are and in how they were derived should contribute to establishing the expectations for what is expected of the physician. In order to delineate medical professionalism for the practitioner and the student we will explore: 1) the sources from which medical professionalism were derived, 2) the attempts to define medical professionalism, 3) conceptual approaches to medical professionalism, 4) the process of change in the scope of medical professionalism in the 20 th century, and 5) attempts to teach medical professionalism.","PeriodicalId":88755,"journal":{"name":"The open psychiatry journal","volume":"5 1","pages":"9-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85135713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mind-Body Parallelism Revisited","authors":"L. Greenman","doi":"10.2174/1874354401206010013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874354401206010013","url":null,"abstract":"This article addresses the links and interactions between the neuroscience parallel line of theories and the paral- lel line of mental activity and thinking. An argument is made that the most fundamental biological entity, the human ge- nome, provides a pathway of mind-body functional coordination via a double helix metaphor. Brief selections of neuro- science and psychological theories associated with the characteristics of higher thinking are presented. Advantages of trac- ing the double-helix/genome pathway to mind -body issues are discussed. A modification is proposed to reflect the unique development of speech and language in human beings. Their effects on thinking and communication warrant a unique avenue of investigation.","PeriodicalId":88755,"journal":{"name":"The open psychiatry journal","volume":"19 1","pages":"13-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78828340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Patient- and Parent-Rated Emotional Expression Using theExpression and Emotion Scale for Children (EESC) in an ObservationalStudy of ADHD in Children and Adolescents","authors":"A. Schacht, A. Bürger, P. Wehmeier, M. Huss","doi":"10.2174/1874354401206010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874354401206010001","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The assessment of emotional expression in patients with ADHD can differ between parent/caregiver and child. Therefore, a new patient-rated version of the Expression and Emotion Scale for Children (EESC) was created and psychometrically analysed. Methods: This is a 6-month follow-up data analysis of a multicenter, prospective, 12-month observational study in children and adolescents with ADHD. Agreement between the two EESC versions (patient- and parent-rated), internal consistency, sensitivity for changes, floor and ceiling effects as well as test-retest variability were evaluated. The relationship between both EESC scores and the physician-rated ADHD-rating scale (ADHD-RS), Clinical Global Impression of Severity (CGI-S), and General Impression of Percieved Difficulties (GIPD) were also calculated. Results: 504 patients (mean age 9.6 years) were included and treated with non-stimulant medication (n=252) or stimulant medication (n=247); 5 patients received both medications. The EESC scores decreased similarly for patients and parents and in parallel over time by about 15 points, with the patient EESC scores being always about 3-4 points less than the parent-rated score. Both satisfaction scores increased in parallel by 2-3 points. The agreement and the correlation between the two EESC versions were in a modest range of approximately 0.5 to 0.6 and stable over time. The item-total correlations and analysis of Cronbach's Alpha showed mostly good support of the different items for the total scores, except items 19 and 24 (r 0.48). Correlations between the EESC score and other ADHD scales (ADHD-RS, CGI-S) were small to moderate for both ratings. The correlation between the GIPD and the EESC within raters was constant over time (r� 0.5). Conclusion: This analysis showed that both EESC versions have sound psychometrical properties and can be used in routine settings.","PeriodicalId":88755,"journal":{"name":"The open psychiatry journal","volume":"28 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80428211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Symptoms Among Diabetes Mellitus Patients","authors":"A. Bener, A. Al-Hamaq, Elnour E. Dafeeah","doi":"10.2174/1874354401105010005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874354401105010005","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Few studies have documented the rates of psychiatric symptoms in patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients and compared them with healthy controls. Aim: To determine whether there is a relationship between high depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients in comparison to a group of controls. Design: This was a matched case-control study. Setting: Primary Health Care (PHC) Centres of the Supreme Council of Health, State of Qatar. Subjects: 889 DM patients and 889 healthy subjects matched for age, gender and ethnicity, from September 2009 to August 2010 were included in this study. Methods: Face to face interviews were conducted with DM patients and controls using a questionnaire which captured the socio-demographic characteristics of subjects and the short version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS)-21 questionnaire. Furthermore, we used the questionnaire based on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to assess the validity of DASS-21. Results: The study findings revealed that most of the studied diabetic cases (33.6%) and healthy controls (30.9%) were in the 40-49 years age group. Significantly larger proportion of DM subjects had severe depression scores (13.6% vs 5.9%; p<0.001); severe anxiety scores (35.3% vs 16.3%; p<0.001); and severe stress scores (23.4% vs 10%; p<0.001) compared to healthy controls. The major predictors for high depression scores among diabetic cases were systolic blood pressure (OR 3.91; p=0.001), duration of diabetes (OR 2.68; p=0.011) and obesity (OR 2.50; p=0.001). The major predictors for high anxiety scores among diabetic cases were systolic blood pressure (OR 2.8; p=0.001), obesity (OR 2.27; p=0.001), and smoking (OR 1.78; p=0.04). The leading predictors for high stress scores were systolic blood pressure (OR 3.57; P=0.001), diastolic blood pressure (OR 2.80; P=0.001) and physical activity (OR 2.11, P=0.025). Diabetic women had higher depression (63.3% vs 50.4%), anxiety (70.1% vs 61.6%) and stress (73.3% vs 61.4%) scores than men. No significant association was observed between the diabetic complications and depression, anxiety or stress scores. Conclusion: The present findings revealed that diabetic cases had significantly higher depression, anxiety and stress scores compared to healthy controls. In particular anxiety scores were higher more frequently among diabetic patients in comparison to depression and stress scores.","PeriodicalId":88755,"journal":{"name":"The open psychiatry journal","volume":"34 1","pages":"5-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75208809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Trait Anxiety and Social Desirability with White Blood Cell Counts","authors":"Riichiro Ishida, M. Okada","doi":"10.2174/1874354401105010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874354401105010001","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to examine the association of trait anxiety and social desirability (SOD) with granulocyte (GRA) and lymphocyte (LYM) counts in healthy adults. Subjects were 23 (9 males and 14 females) eligible adults. Trait anxiety and SOD were assessed using the Anxiety and Lie Scores of the Manifest Anxiety Scale (MAS), respectively. White blood cells were counted by flow cytometry. Data were analyzed by logistic regression analyses. The results showed that the odds ratio (OR) of MAS score was significant for prediction of GRA count (OR: 1.399, p=0.032) and also for neutrophil (NEU) count (OR: 1.381, p=0.040). The OR of Lie Scale scores was significant for LYM count (OR: 0.165, p=0.036) and also for GRA count (OR: 1.879, p=0.048). The present study suggests that healthy subjects with higher trait anxiety have a higher GRA count.","PeriodicalId":88755,"journal":{"name":"The open psychiatry journal","volume":"65 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72647925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Blonanserin on Delirium in a Patient with Alzheimer Disease","authors":"G. Okugawa","doi":"10.2174/1874300501004010025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874300501004010025","url":null,"abstract":"A 67-year-old woman with Alzheimer's disease was administered 5 mg/day donepezil for approximately three years. The patient exhibited acute confusion, global impairment of cognition with disorientation, sleep disturbance, psychomotor agitation, hallucinations and delusions due to delirium at night. She was then administered 8 mg/day blonanserin for approximately one month in addition to donepezil. Blonanserin is an atypical antipsychotic that blocks the serotonin 5HT2A and dopamine D2 receptors. The delirium improved gradually with treatment, so the blonanserin dose was tapered to 4 mg/day over approximately two weeks. The delirium continued to improve without adverse events. The patient continues to receive 5 mg/day donepezil, and is able to live alone. The delirium she experienced may have been related to disturbances in neurotransmitter systems involving acetylcholine, serotonin, dopamine and gamma- aminobutyric acid. Blonanserin may improve the functioning of the serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter systems, providing effective treatment for delirium in patients with Alzheimer's disease.","PeriodicalId":88755,"journal":{"name":"The open psychiatry journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"25-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88897089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnic Differences in Satisfaction with Mental Health Services Among Psychiatry Patients","authors":"S. Ghuloum, A. Bener, F. Burgut","doi":"10.2174/1874300501004010019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874300501004010019","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The main aim of the study was to examine the impact of patients' ethnic diversity on the patient satisfaction level to psychiatry care and explores the satisfaction domains with mental health care. Design: This is a prospective cross sectional study. Setting: Psychiatry department of the Hamad Medical Corporation. Subjects: The study sample was Qatari and other Arab nationals aged 18 to 65 years who visited the psychiatry department during the study period; April 2009 to August 2009. A total of 1300 adult patients were approached and 1054 (81.1%) expressed their consent to participate in this study. Method: A standard forward-backward procedure was applied to translate the English version of the PDRQ to Arabic. PDRQ was administered by pre-trained nurses among the psychiatry patients. The main outcome measures of the study were 13-item patient doctor relationship questionnaire (PDRQ) score and other 11 items assessing what patients need from psychiatrists. Also, Socio-demographic data of the patients was collected. Results: Of the studied patients, there were 479 Qataris (45.4%) and 575 other Arabs (54.6%). There was a significant differences found between Qatari and Arab expatriate patients in marital status (p=0.036), level of education (p<0.001), occupation (p<0.001), household income (p<0.001), number of rooms in the house (p<0.001) and people living in the house (p<0.001). Arab expatriate patients (480;55.9%) were more satisfied with psychiatry care than Qatari patients (378;44.1%) especially in the age group (18-34) years of both the ethnic groups (164;43.4% vs 214;44.6%). Overall patient satisfaction level was significantly higher in literate Arab patients with secondary and university degree (333;69.3%), while it was lower in Qataris (185;49%). Satisfaction score was almost the same between Qatari and Arab expatriate patients with no significant difference. But satisfaction score was significantly higher in Spanish population in all domains of satisfaction compared to our study sample (p<0.0001). Conclusions: The study findings revealed that there is no ethnic difference observed in the satisfaction score between Qatari and Arab expatriate patients in Qatar, but a significant difference was observed between Arab and Spanish psychiatry patients in all domains of satisfaction.","PeriodicalId":88755,"journal":{"name":"The open psychiatry journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"19-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82460287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}