The open neuroscience journal最新文献_第5页

Impaired Secretion of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Neuropsychiatric Diseases 脑源性神经营养因子分泌障碍与神经精神疾病

The open neuroscience journal Pub Date : 2008-12-31 DOI: 10.2174/1874082000802010059

N. Adachi, H. Kunugi

引用次数: 2

Central Nervous System Circuitries Underlying Two Types of Peripheral Autonomic Nervous System Disorders~!2008-04-24~!2008-09-26~!2008-12-05~! 中枢神经系统回路是两种外周自主神经系统紊乱的基础

The open neuroscience journal Pub Date : 2008-12-16 DOI: 10.2174/1874082000802010041

F. Lechin, B. Dijs

引用次数: 3

Vesicular Release of L- and D-Aspartate from Hippocampal Nerve Terminals: Immunogold Evidence 海马神经末梢水疱释放L-和d -天冬氨酸:免疫金证据

The open neuroscience journal Pub Date : 2008-12-05 DOI: 10.2174/1874082000802010051

Aleksander Talgøy Holten, C. Morland, K. Nordengen, V. Gundersen

{"title":"Vesicular Release of L- and D-Aspartate from Hippocampal Nerve Terminals: Immunogold Evidence","authors":"Aleksander Talgøy Holten, C. Morland, K. Nordengen, V. Gundersen","doi":"10.2174/1874082000802010051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874082000802010051","url":null,"abstract":"Glutamate is established as the most important excitatory transmitter in the brain. The transmitter status of as- partate is debated. There is evidence that aspartate is released from nerve terminals by exocytosis. However, release through excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) could be an alternative mechanism. We further investigated this by use of light and quantitative electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. The nerve terminal localisation of aspartate was compared to that of glutamate using antibodies specifically recognising the amino acids. Rat hippocampal slices were in- cubated under normal (3 mM) and depolarising (55 mM) concentrations of K + with and without the excitatory amino acid transporter inhibitor threo-beta-benzyloxyaspartate (TBOA). If aspartate is released either through reversal of the EAATs or through exchange with synaptically released glutamate, we would expect that TBOA would block the depolarisation induced release of aspartate. We found, however, that there was a substantial depletion of aspartate, as well as of gluta- mate, from hippocampal nerve terminals during K + induced depolarisation in the presence of TBOA. The possibility that aspartate is released through exocytosis from synaptic vesicles was further investigated by the use of a D-aspartate uptake assay, including exposure of the slices to exogenous D-aspartate and the use of D-aspartate immunogold cytochemistry to localise D-aspartate in the fixed tissue. We found that D-aspartate taken up into the terminals was concentrated in synaptic vesicles as opposed to in the cytoplasmic matrix. This is in line with the presence in synaptic vesicles of the recently iden- tified vesicular transporter for aspartate.","PeriodicalId":88753,"journal":{"name":"The open neuroscience journal","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89839855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Housekeeping Proteins: Limitations as References During Neuronal Differentiation 管家蛋白:在神经元分化过程中作为参考的局限性

The open neuroscience journal Pub Date : 2008-12-05 DOI: 10.2174/1874082000802010036

Z. Castaño, R. Kypta

引用次数: 13

Assessment of Synaptic Function During Short-Term Facilitation in Motor Nerve Terminals in the Crayfish 小龙虾运动神经末梢短期易化过程中突触功能的评估

The open neuroscience journal Pub Date : 2008-09-12 DOI: 10.2174/1874082000802010024

Mohati Desai-Shah, K. Viele, G. Sparks, J. Nadolski, B. Hayden, V. Srinivasan, R. Cooper

{"title":"Assessment of Synaptic Function During Short-Term Facilitation in Motor Nerve Terminals in the Crayfish","authors":"Mohati Desai-Shah, K. Viele, G. Sparks, J. Nadolski, B. Hayden, V. Srinivasan, R. Cooper","doi":"10.2174/1874082000802010024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874082000802010024","url":null,"abstract":"An enhanced buildup of (Ca 2+ )i occurs during short-term facilitation (STF) at the crayfish neuromuscular junc- tion (NMJ). As a model system, this NMJ allows discrete postsynaptic quantal events to be counted and characterized in relation to STF. Providing 10 pulses, at 20 and 40Hz, we monitored postsynaptic quantal events over a discrete region of a nerve terminal with a focal macropatch electrode. Characteristics of quantal events were clustered into groups by peak amplitude and time to the peak amplitude. Since the synapses at this NMJ have varied spacing of active zones, number of active zones and synaptic size, the graded nature of synaptic recruitment is likely one means of titrating synaptic efficacy for the graded depolarization on the non-spiking muscle fiber. Synapses in this preparation would appear to have a \"quan- tal signature\" that can be used for quantifying their activity which is useful in estimating the overall number of active sites. We use mixture modeling to estimate n (number of active sites) and p (probability of vesicle fusion) from the quan- tal characteristics. In a preparation that was stimulated at 40Hz, synapses were recruited (increase in n) and the number active synapses increased in p. In a different preparation, p increased as the stimulation was changed from 20 to 40Hz, but n did not show a substantial increase; however, during the STF train, p increases slightly. This study provides a novel ap- proach in determining subsets of the single evoked quanta to better estimate n and p which describe synaptic function.","PeriodicalId":88753,"journal":{"name":"The open neuroscience journal","volume":"19 1","pages":"24-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77720967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Presynaptic Depression in Phasic Motor Nerve Terminals and Influence of 5-HT on Vesicle Dynamics 相位运动神经末梢突触前抑制及5-羟色胺对囊泡动力学的影响

The open neuroscience journal Pub Date : 2008-07-14 DOI: 10.2174/1874082000802010016

A. Johnstone, S. Kellie, R. Cooper

引用次数: 11

The ClC-KbT481S chloride channel gene polymorphism, ischaemic stroke and hypertension ClC-KbT481S氯离子通道基因多态性与缺血性脑卒中和高血压的关系

The open neuroscience journal Pub Date : 2008-05-21 DOI: 10.2174/1874082000802010006

Austin G. Milton, M. A. Hamilton-Bruce, S. Koblar, J. Jannes

引用次数: 0

Hypoplasia of the Parafacial/Facial Complex: A Very Frequent Finding in Sudden Unexplained Fetal Death 面旁/面部复合体发育不全:原因不明的胎儿猝死的一个非常常见的发现

The open neuroscience journal Pub Date : 2008-01-22 DOI: 10.2174/1874082000802010001

A. Lavezzi, L. Matturri

{"title":"Hypoplasia of the Parafacial/Facial Complex: A Very Frequent Finding in Sudden Unexplained Fetal Death","authors":"A. Lavezzi, L. Matturri","doi":"10.2174/1874082000802010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874082000802010001","url":null,"abstract":"AIMS - To define firstly in man the localization and the anatomical boundaries of the parafacial respiratory group in the brainstem. Thereafter, to determine whether this center, given its essential role in the respiratory rhythm- generating circuit, showed abnormalities in sudden unexplained perinatal and infant deaths, like other nuclei and/or struc- tures of the brainstem and cerebellum checking vital functions, that we have previously reported. METHODS - In 67 brains collected from 29 stillbirths, 9 newborns and 29 infants, died of both known and unknown cause, an in-depth histological examination of the autonomic nervous system was made, according to the protocol rou- tinely followed by the Institute of Pathology, University of Milan. In particular we analyzed the parafacial and facial nu- clei in serial sections of caudal pons. RESULTS - We firstly identified and defined the normal structure of the parafacial/facial complex in control cases. Be- sides we diagnosed the hypoplasia of these nuclei in 75% of sudden unexplained fetal deaths and never after birth. CONCLUSIONS - We formulate the hypothesis that the hypoplasia of the parafacial/facial complex is a specific marker of unexplained stillbirth, and that the normal development of this complex is essential for extra-uterine life.","PeriodicalId":88753,"journal":{"name":"The open neuroscience journal","volume":"27 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74064445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 29

EGF Mediates Survival of Rat Cochlear Sensory Cells via an NF-κB Dependent Mechanism In Vitro. EGF通过NF-κB依赖性机制介导大鼠耳蜗感觉细胞的体外存活。

The open neuroscience journal Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1874082000802010009

Yiqing Zheng, Mark Rayner, Ling Feng, Xiaohua Hu, Xin Zheng, Ellalane Bearth, Jizhen Lin

{"title":"EGF Mediates Survival of Rat Cochlear Sensory Cells via an NF-κB Dependent Mechanism In Vitro.","authors":"Yiqing Zheng, Mark Rayner, Ling Feng, Xiaohua Hu, Xin Zheng, Ellalane Bearth, Jizhen Lin","doi":"10.2174/1874082000802010009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874082000802010009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The survival of cochlear epithelial cells is of considerable importance, biologically. However, little is known about the growth factor(s) that are involved in the survival of cochlear sensory epithelial cells. In this study, we demonstrated that epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays a role in the survival of cochlear epithelial cells. Firstly, the presence of the EGF signaling pathway was demonstrated in the developing cochlear tissues of rats and a sensory epithelial cell line (OC1): -- epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK), I kappa B alpha (IκBα), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). Secondly, the addition of EGF to OC1 increased the promoter activity of NF-κB and cell viability but not cell cycle progression and cell number increase -- which suggests that EGF is for cellular survival rather than cell proliferation of OC1. Finally, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC, an inhibitor of NF-κB) and inhibitor kappa B alpha (IκBα) mutant (IκBαM, a specific inhibitor of NF-κB) abrogated the EGF-induced NF-κB activity and cell survival. These data suggest that EGF plays a role in the survival of cochlear sensory epithelial cells through the EGFR/MAPKK/IκBα/NF-κB/Bcl-2 pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":88753,"journal":{"name":"The open neuroscience journal","volume":"2 ","pages":"9-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2777680/pdf/nihms156393.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28514093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Effects on EEG of Low (1Hz) and High (15Hz) Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Visual Cortex: A Study in the Anesthetized Cat 低(1Hz)和高(15Hz)频率重复经颅磁刺激视觉皮层对脑电图的影响:麻醉猫的研究

The open neuroscience journal Pub Date : 2007-12-07 DOI: 10.2174/1874082000701010025

N. Espinosa, C. Labra, C. Rivadulla, J. Mariño, J. Cudeiro

引用次数: 4