The open neuroscience journal最新文献

Modulation of Extracellular Levels of 5-HT in the Caudate Putamen of Freely Moving Rats by High Frequency Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus 高频刺激丘脑下核对自由活动大鼠尾状壳核细胞外5-羟色胺水平的调节

The open neuroscience journal Pub Date : 2015-01-10 DOI: 10.2174/1874082001408010014

Kevin Joseph, R. Varatharajan, Sonya Neto, U. Hofmann, V. Tronnier, A. Moser

{"title":"Modulation of Extracellular Levels of 5-HT in the Caudate Putamen of Freely Moving Rats by High Frequency Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus","authors":"Kevin Joseph, R. Varatharajan, Sonya Neto, U. Hofmann, V. Tronnier, A. Moser","doi":"10.2174/1874082001408010014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874082001408010014","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical high frequency stimulation (HFS) in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has been shown to have a thera- peutic effect in several movement disorders. But, debilitating psychiatric effects like depression and suicidality are occa- sionally seen and might be caused by the changes in the serotoninergic activity. Previous studies could show that HFS of the STN results in inhibition of the serotonergic neurons originating in the dorsal raphe nucleus. The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of HFS (124 Hz, 0.5 mA) in the STN, on the extracellular levels of serotonin, dopamine and their metabolites HIAA, DOPAC and HVA in the caudate-putamen (CPu) in conscious and freely moving rats. Extracellular levels of the neurotransmitters and their metabolites were quantified using high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Under HFS conditions, a significant reduction in the extracellular levels of serotonin was ob- served. Cessation of HFS showed a recovery back to basal levels. Dopamine levels were not affected, although significant increase of its metabolites DOPAC and HVA were measured. In the case of low frequency stimulation (LFS), levels of se- rotonin and its metabolite HIAA remained unchanged, while the levels of dopamine metabolites, DOPAC and HVA, showed a significant decline. These results demonstrate evidence for a strong linkage between HFS in the STN and reduc- tion of the levels of serotonin in the caudate-putamen, which is likely responsible for psychiatric side effects seen in Park- insonian patients who are treated with STN stimulation.","PeriodicalId":88753,"journal":{"name":"The open neuroscience journal","volume":"106 1","pages":"14-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77883649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Azathioprine Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis: Phosphoribosylated Metabolites and Thiopurine Methyltransferase Activity 硫嘌呤治疗多发性硬化症:磷酸化代谢产物和硫嘌呤甲基转移酶活性

The open neuroscience journal Pub Date : 2014-04-18 DOI: 10.2174/1874082001408010009

E. Polychronopoulos, P. Albrecht, Julia Tafazzoli-Lari, H. Iven, A. Moser

{"title":"Azathioprine Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis: Phosphoribosylated Metabolites and Thiopurine Methyltransferase Activity","authors":"E. Polychronopoulos, P. Albrecht, Julia Tafazzoli-Lari, H. Iven, A. Moser","doi":"10.2174/1874082001408010009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874082001408010009","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: In this prospective study, we examined the association between azathioprine dose, levels of its phosphoribosylated metabolites, and the activity of thiopurine methyltransferase in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Materials/Methods: Clinical data and blood samples were collected from 27 MS patients who were undergoing azathio- prine treatment. In red blood cells, thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) activity was determined, and after hydrolysis and cleavage of the phosphoribosyl residue, amounts of 6-thioguanine (6-TG), 6-methyl-thioguanine (6-MTG), 6- methylmercaptopurine (6-MMP) were measured. For clinical evaluation, the expanded disability status score (EDSS) and the multiple sclerosis functional composite (MSFC) were performed. Laboratory and clinical examinations were con- ducted twice with a 6-month-intervall. Results: Over a broad range of daily azathioprine dose, nearly constant levels of the immunosuppressive-active 6-TG (nucleotides) were found. There was, however, a marked relationship between daily azathioprine dose and 6-MMP nucleotide levels. Especially patients receiving an azathioprine dose of more than 1.5 mg/kg per day in particular presented an exponential increase in 6-MMP levels when TPMT activity was higher than 45 U/g Hb. All the biochemical measurements gave similar results when performed 6 months later. Conclusions: Patients with the combination of a high TPMT-activity and an azathioprine dose of more than 1.5 mg/kg/d exhibit significantly in- creased 6-MMP nucleotide levels. These patients are thus at risk for hepatotoxic side effects. Determination of TPMT ac- tivity before azathioprine therapy and monitoring of its metabolites might provide guidance for dose individualization.","PeriodicalId":88753,"journal":{"name":"The open neuroscience journal","volume":"284 1","pages":"9-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80231751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Menthol Induces Surgical Anesthesia and Rapid Movement in Fishes 薄荷醇诱导手术麻醉和鱼类的快速运动

The open neuroscience journal Pub Date : 2014-02-07 DOI: 10.2174/1874082001408010001

M. Kasai, Shoko Hososhima, Yun-Fei Liang

{"title":"Menthol Induces Surgical Anesthesia and Rapid Movement in Fishes","authors":"M. Kasai, Shoko Hososhima, Yun-Fei Liang","doi":"10.2174/1874082001408010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874082001408010001","url":null,"abstract":"To determine whether fishes respond to menthol, Japanese medaka Oryzias latipes, goldfish Carassius auratus, and zebrafish Danio rerio were exposed to various types of menthol receptors agonists and the behavioral responses to these drugs were observed. Waterbone application of dl-menthol (0.5 mM) induced surgical anesthesia in 100% of medaka, 90% of goldfish, and 100% of zebrafish. The percentage of response increased dose-dependently from 0.2 mM to 0.5 mM. There were no differences in either percentage or latency of the response in surgical anesthesia among dl-, d-, and l- types of menthol. A high (3.0 mM) concentration of any of the three types of menthol induced rapid movement fol- lowed by the anesthetic response. Rapid movement was observed with allyl isothiocyanate, a cold nociceptor agonist, but not with icilin, a cold receptor agonist, in medaka and goldfish. Both allyl isothiocyanate and icilin failed to induce surgi- cal anesthesia. To determine the involvement of � -aminobutyric acid (GABA) system in menthol-induced surgical anes- thesia, the effect of the receptors antagonist for the GABAA was tested. Pretreatment with a specific GABAA receptor an- tagonist prolonged the latency of the anesthetic response to menthol, but not to cold-water stimulation, in medaka and goldfish. These results demonstrate that menthol can play a role in the induction of surgical anesthesia in fishes, related at least in part to the activation of GABAA receptors, and of rapid movement possibly via cold nociceptors.","PeriodicalId":88753,"journal":{"name":"The open neuroscience journal","volume":"47 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88266266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Neural Dynamics of Audiovisual Integration for Speech and Non-Speech Stimuli: A Psychophysical Study 语音和非语音刺激的视听整合神经动力学:一项心理物理学研究

The open neuroscience journal Pub Date : 2013-10-18 DOI: 10.2174/1874082001307010005

Nicholas A. Altieri

{"title":"Neural Dynamics of Audiovisual Integration for Speech and Non-Speech Stimuli: A Psychophysical Study","authors":"Nicholas A. Altieri","doi":"10.2174/1874082001307010005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874082001307010005","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the extent to which audiovisual speech integration is special by comparing behavioral and neural measures using both speech and non-speech stimuli. An audiovisual recognition experiment presenting listen- ers with auditory, visual, and audiovisual stimuli was implemented. The auditory component consisted of sine wave speech, and the visual component consisted of point light displays, which include point-light dots that highlight a talker's points of articulation. In the first phase, listeners engaged in a discrimination task where they were unaware of the linguis- tic nature of the auditory and visual stimuli. In the second phase, they were informed that the auditory and visual stimuli were spoken utterances of /be/ (\"bay\") and /de/ (\"day\"), and they engaged in the same task. The neural dynamics of audiovisual integration was investigated by utilizing EEG, including mean Global Field Power and current density recon- struction (CDR). As predicted, support for divergent regions of multisensory integration between the speech and non- speech stimuli was obtained, namely greater posterior parietal activation in the non-speech condition. Conversely, reac- tion-time measures indicated qualitatively similar multisensory integration across experimental conditions.","PeriodicalId":88753,"journal":{"name":"The open neuroscience journal","volume":"97 3 1","pages":"5-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84715303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

BDNF promotes the survival of rat sensory epithelial cells via the PI3K/Akt and NF-κB/Bcl-2 signaling pathways BDNF通过PI3K/Akt和NF-κB/Bcl-2信号通路促进大鼠感觉上皮细胞的存活

The open neuroscience journal Pub Date : 2013-10-18 DOI: 10.2174/1874082001307010019

Jianmin Huang, Xiaohua Hu, Ling Feng, Shinji Fukudome, Yiqing Zheng, Jizhen Lin

{"title":"BDNF promotes the survival of rat sensory epithelial cells via the PI3K/Akt and NF-κB/Bcl-2 signaling pathways","authors":"Jianmin Huang, Xiaohua Hu, Ling Feng, Shinji Fukudome, Yiqing Zheng, Jizhen Lin","doi":"10.2174/1874082001307010019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874082001307010019","url":null,"abstract":"Sensory epithelial cells in the organ of Corti survive throughout life. However, factors for sensory epithelial cell survival are poorly understood at the present time. Here we demonstrated that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a factor committing to neuronal survival, promotes the survival of sensory epithelial cells (OC1) through phos- phatidylinositide 3'-OH kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) and/or nuclear factor kappa B (NF-￻ B)/B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) pathways. BDNF activated PI3K/Akt kinases and increased NF-￻B/Bcl-2 activity or expression in association with the survival of OC1 cells in vitro. LY294002, a specific inhibitor for PI3K, and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), an inhibitor for NF-￻B, abrogated the protective effect of BDNF on OC1 cells, causing the increased expression of caspase 3 and the apoptotic cell numbers in vitro. Similarly, a dominant negative mutant of I kappa B alpha (I￻ B￻M, a specific inhibitor of NF-￻B) abrogated the protective effect of BDNF on OC1 cells. The data demonstrate that BDNF promotes the survival of sensory epithelial cells through the PI3K/Akt and NF-￻ B/Bcl-2 signaling pathways.","PeriodicalId":88753,"journal":{"name":"The open neuroscience journal","volume":"27 2 1","pages":"19-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77382619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Co-expression of functional P2X4 and P2X7 receptors at adult neural progenitor cells of the mouse subventricular zone 功能性P2X4和P2X7受体在小鼠脑室下区成体神经祖细胞中的共表达

The open neuroscience journal Pub Date : 2013-09-20 DOI: 10.2174/1874082020130807001

Nanette Messemer, Christin Kunert, P. Illés, P. Rubini

引用次数: 6

Roles of Glia, Immune Cells and the Thermo-TRP Channels, TRPV1, TRPA1 and TRPM8, in Pathological Pain 神经胶质细胞、免疫细胞和热- trp通道TRPV1、TRPA1和TRPM8在病理性疼痛中的作用

The open neuroscience journal Pub Date : 2012-03-30 DOI: 10.2174/1874082001206010010

A. Hiura, H. Nakagawa

{"title":"Roles of Glia, Immune Cells and the Thermo-TRP Channels, TRPV1, TRPA1 and TRPM8, in Pathological Pain","authors":"A. Hiura, H. Nakagawa","doi":"10.2174/1874082001206010010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874082001206010010","url":null,"abstract":"Studies into the interactions between glia/immune cells and neurons have focused on the induction of patho-logical (neuropathic or inflammatory) pain. Growing evidence of close relationships between peripheral and central glia and pathological pain has emerged during the last 2 decades. Numerous experimental studies have showed the release of cytokines and inflammatory neuropeptides from peripheral and central terminals of primary sensory neurons and from ac-tivated peripheral and central glia after nerve injury (crush, ligation or transection), which in turn act in a paracrine or autocrine manner. Cytokines induce the synthesis of algogens (pain-inducing substances such as prostaglandin) which leads to the primary (peripheral) or secondary (central) sensitization responsible for hyperalgesia or allodynia under in-flammatory conditions. The review has also highlighted the role of thermo transient receptor potential (TRP) channels TRPV1, TRPA1 and TRPM8 in the induction of pathological pain. The noxious heat sensor TRPV1 has an overt role in noxious heat hyperalgesia or allodynia, whereas TRPA1 and TRPM8 seem to have roles in noxious cold or mechanical al-lodynia, although results are inconsistent. Close mutual interrelationships between immune and glial cells and thermoTRP channels via cytokines or pro-inflammatory neuropeptides cannot be ignored when attempting to explain the induction and continuation of pathological pain. Investigations on the initial signals sent to the central area (superficial dorsal horn) remote from injured (or infectious) sites are a key point to clarify the mechanisms of pathological pain.","PeriodicalId":88753,"journal":{"name":"The open neuroscience journal","volume":"96 1","pages":"10-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85860303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

A Neural Architecture Based on Hadamard Designs 基于Hadamard设计的神经网络结构

The open neuroscience journal Pub Date : 2012-01-19 DOI: 10.2174/1874082001206010001

A. Herbert

引用次数: 0

Changes in Neural Correlates of Outcome Feedback Processing During Implicit Learning 内隐学习中结果反馈加工的神经相关变化

The open neuroscience journal Pub Date : 2011-08-02 DOI: 10.2174/1874082001105010024

M. Rostami, S. M. Hosseini, M. Takahashi, M. Sugiura, R. Kawashima

{"title":"Changes in Neural Correlates of Outcome Feedback Processing During Implicit Learning","authors":"M. Rostami, S. M. Hosseini, M. Takahashi, M. Sugiura, R. Kawashima","doi":"10.2174/1874082001105010024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874082001105010024","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the neural substrates underlying outcome feedback processing have been investigated in several neuroimaging studies of feedback-based learning. However, what has been missed in these studies is that, the learning process itself also affects the way the feedback is being processed. In this study, we tried to investigate the changes in neural substrates underlying positive and negative feedback processing during goal-directed implicit learning using the Sugar Production Factory (SPF) task in conjunction with an event related functional magnetic resonance imaging. We found a significant learning-related decrease in activity of the right superior frontal gyrus (SFG) in response to positive feedback and a learning-related increase in activity of the precuneus in response to negative feedback. The results demon- strate the changing role of feedback during learning and suggest that learning-related changes in activity of the SFG and precuneus that have been previously reported in several implicit learning studies arise from changes in feedback process- ing after learning. In addition, the results suggest the important role of positive feedback in early stage and negative feed- back in late stage of goal-directed implicit learning.","PeriodicalId":88753,"journal":{"name":"The open neuroscience journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"24-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75244806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Performance Errors of in Group/ Out Group Stimuli and Valence Association in the Implicit Association Test: Brain Bias of Ingroup Favoritism 内隐联想测验中组内/组外刺激的表现误差与效价关联:内群体偏爱的脑偏向

The open neuroscience journal Pub Date : 2011-05-13 DOI: 10.2174/1874082001105010016

R. Guex, F. Cerić, E. Hurtado, R. González, Alvaro Navarro, F. Manes, A. Ibanez

引用次数: 4