{"title":"Pediatric hip dysplasia and evaluation with ultrasound","authors":"P. Castañeda","doi":"10.2217/PHE.09.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/PHE.09.45","url":null,"abstract":"Developmental dysplasia of the hip is a frequent condition in newborns. Certain risk factors have been associated with this condition, including female sex, a family history, a breech presentation and certain ethnicities; however, most cases of dysplasia occur in girls without any other risk factors. Clinical examination using the Barlow/Ortolani tests in newborns or by the finding of limited abduction in slightly older children may reveal the diagnosis, but childen with an inconclusive examination or with a risk factor should be referred for further screening. Ultrasonography can detect dysplasia that may not be evident on physical exam or plain radiographs. When dysplasia is identified, treatment should be instituted, and in young children dynamic splinting with the Pavlik harness is safe and effective. Early detection and treatment provides the best long-term results.","PeriodicalId":88627,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health","volume":"3 1","pages":"465-472"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/PHE.09.45","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68241347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Late preterm infants: not so near to term","authors":"T. Inder, S. Liao","doi":"10.2217/PHE.09.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/PHE.09.40","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88627,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health","volume":"32 2 1","pages":"417-419"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/PHE.09.40","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68241477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Treatment options for clubfoot: an update","authors":"N. Cassis, A. torres-Gómez","doi":"10.2217/PHE.09.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/PHE.09.39","url":null,"abstract":"Clubfoot is one of the most common yet treatable malformations of the musculoskeletal system. It is a composite of hindfoot equinus and varus, and forefoot adductus and cavus. At present, the standard treatment is the Ponseti method, which consists of manipulation and serial casting, tenotomy of the Achilles tendon and bracing; treatment should start as early as possible, ideally within the first weeks of life. Success of this method exceeds 94%. Relapses are treated with recasting or repetition of the Achilles tenotomy. Failures are treated with more complex surgical procedures, such as posteromedial release, tendon transfers and bony procedures in stiff and resistant feet.","PeriodicalId":88627,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health","volume":"66 1","pages":"473-478"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/PHE.09.39","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68240788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lucinactant (Surfaxin ™ ) for prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in newborns","authors":"M. Lal, S. Sinha","doi":"10.2217/PHE.09.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/PHE.09.49","url":null,"abstract":"Respiratory distress syndrome, resulting from the deficiency of endogenous surfactant, remains a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in preterm infants. Exogenous surfactant replacement therapy is one of the most widely researched areas in neonatal medicine and is now accepted as the standard of care for preventing and treating respiratory distress syndrome in these newborns. Exogenous surfactant replacement therapy has evolved in the past three decades, but controversies still exist as to the choice of preparation (i.e., is one better than the others?), dosing and volume of individual preparations, and cost. At present, animal-derived surfactants that contain proteins appear to be the choice of most clinicians; however, they may have the limitation of being derived from animal sources. This has prompted the development of newer synthetic surfactants such as lucinactant (Surfaxin™, Discovery Laboratories, PA, USA), which contains the protein B mimic synthetic peptide, sinapultide. Although it is not ...","PeriodicalId":88627,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health","volume":"3 1","pages":"427-434"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/PHE.09.49","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68241411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Childhood constipation and diet","authors":"M. Inan","doi":"10.2217/PHE.09.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/PHE.09.38","url":null,"abstract":"Constipation is a common problem in children. However, there is much controversy surrounding the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of functional constipation observed in childhood. Despite the high frequency of this problem documented in the literature, there is little research that assesses the direct relationship between the food consumed and the eventual stool consistency. Breastfeeding is an excellent way to prevent constipation in infants and toddlers, as is fruit and vegetable consumption in older children. The aim of this review is to investigate available tools in the literature concerning constipation in children and to discuss the relationship between constipation and diet in childhood.","PeriodicalId":88627,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health","volume":"3 1","pages":"353-358"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/PHE.09.38","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68240769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Screening for severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia","authors":"V. Bhutani","doi":"10.2217/PHE.09.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/PHE.09.36","url":null,"abstract":"Screening for severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is integral to newborn care. Predischarge risk assessment relies on documentation of visual jaundice: age at onset and progression; identification of clinical risk such as late prematurity and bruising; with determination of total bilirubin (blood or transcutaneous assay) adjusted for age in hours. Along with promotion of breastfeeding, coordination between birthing hospital and medically supervised outpatient follow-up, a systems approach allows for a safer and effective means to prevent adverse effects of extreme hyperbilirubinemia.","PeriodicalId":88627,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health","volume":"3 1","pages":"369-379"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/PHE.09.36","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68241221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Insights into the nutritional management of short-bowel syndrome","authors":"B. Carter, Kristi L King","doi":"10.2217/PHE.09.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/PHE.09.33","url":null,"abstract":"Short-bowel syndrome is a malabsorptive state that occurs after resection of the intestine or, alternatively, secondary to the functional incapacity of the bowel to absorb a sufficient amount of nutrients. The clinical presentation of this syndrome is quite diverse and its severity is primarily dependent on both the length of functional remnant bowel remaining after surgical resection and the intestinal adaptive capabilities of the host. Management of patients with short-bowel syndrome requires attention to detail, individualized care and a multidisciplinary approach. Herein, we describe the clinical spectrum of short-bowel syndrome and highlight particular nutritional strategies that may help facilitate intestinal adaptation while meeting growth and nutritional needs.","PeriodicalId":88627,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health","volume":"40 1","pages":"343-352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/PHE.09.33","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68241194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Desmopressin for the treatment of primary nocturnal enuresis","authors":"P. Kerrebroeck, J. Nørgaard","doi":"10.2217/PHE.09.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/PHE.09.20","url":null,"abstract":"Primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) affects a large proportion of children aged 5 years and over, and can persist into adolescence if left untreated. To patients and families, the condition is extremely distressing and embarrassing, as well as inconvenient owing to the increased washing of bedclothes required, and the difficulties surrounding socializing, such as planning sleepovers or holidays. PNE is caused by a mismatch between the capacity of the bladder to store urine and the volume of urine produced at night, which is frequently excessive in children with PNE. Excessive urine production at night can be caused by an impairment of the circadian rhythm of antidiuretic hormone secretion. Treatment for PNE is primarily by means of behavioral conditioning or pharmacological therapy. Desmopressin is a synthetic analogue of naturally occurring antidiuretic hormone, and is the only pharmacological therapy with a Grade A, level 1 recommendation from the International Consultation on Incontinence as a first-line ...","PeriodicalId":88627,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health","volume":"3 1","pages":"311-327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/PHE.09.20","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68240915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Long-term survival and reproduction in preterm infants","authors":"J. Chin, G. Swamy","doi":"10.2217/PHE.09.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/PHE.09.29","url":null,"abstract":"The rate of preterm birth is increasing in developed countries. Improvements in neonatal intensive care have decreased the rate of infant mortality after preterm birth, particularly for those born at the earliest gestational ages. However, the result is an increasing absolute number of preterm birth survivors who suffer from disabilities such as neurosensory, respiratory and cognitive impairments. Evidence is also accumulating demonstrating that these survivors may be at increased risk for mortality, even into later childhood, and that they may face challenges transitioning into adulthood, such as a decreased likelihood of reproduction.","PeriodicalId":88627,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health","volume":"13 1","pages":"381-389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/PHE.09.29","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68241059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist for infants in critical condition","authors":"C. Sinder, J. Beck","doi":"10.2217/PHE.09.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/PHE.09.30","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88627,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health","volume":"3 1","pages":"297-301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/PHE.09.30","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68241088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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