{"title":"Nutritional rickets: still a problem for the pediatric population","authors":"A. Bereket","doi":"10.2217/PHE.09.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/PHE.09.68","url":null,"abstract":"Rickets is a mineralization disorder of the growing bone. Nutritional rickets is still prevalent in many parts of the developing world and is re-emerging in developed countries. Although vitamin D deficiency plays a central role in the pathogenesis of this disease, calcium deficiency and genetic factors may also cause or contribute to the development of rickets. This review will focus on the classical form of nutritional rickets, in other words, vitamin D-deficiency rickets. The epidemiology, ethiopathogenesis, risk factors, clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of nutritional rickets are reviewed.","PeriodicalId":88627,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health","volume":"4 1","pages":"75-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/PHE.09.68","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68241962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Management of Brugada syndrome in children","authors":"G. Gross","doi":"10.2217/PHE.09.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/PHE.09.63","url":null,"abstract":"Despite low prevalence in most populations, the Brugada syndrome has attracted considerable attention in recent years because of its propensity to cause sudden cardiac death in otherwise healthy young individuals, and because of pathophysiologic underpinnings that link it to other ‘ion channelopathies’ such as the congenital long-QT syndromes. The natural history of Brugada syndrome poses unique challenges to the management of children and adolescents diagnosed with the disorder, particularly among the substantial majority of pediatric patients who are entirely asymptomatic at presentation. This review will explore the current state of understanding of Brugada syndrome as it relates specifically to children and adolescents, and will provide an approach to management based on limited available data and existing consensus recommendations, which refer primarily to adult patients.","PeriodicalId":88627,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health","volume":"4 1","pages":"35-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/PHE.09.63","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68241704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Update on acute sinusitis in children","authors":"G. DeMuri, E. Wald","doi":"10.2217/PHE.09.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/PHE.09.67","url":null,"abstract":"Sinusitis is one of the most common diseases presented to the primary care practioner. In this setting it is key to distinguish those children who have uncomplicated viral upper respiratory tract infection from those who have acute bacterial sinusitis. Sinusitis may be diagnosed based on the presence of persistent or severe respiratory symptoms or when a respiratory illness has a biphasic presentation. Radiographs or computed tomography scans are not usually needed to diagnose sinusitis in children. Well-designed randomized, controlled trials demonstrated the benefit of antibiotics compared to placebo. Antimicrobial therapy should be targeted against the three major pathogens responsible for sinusitis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis. Amoxicillin or amoxicillin/clavulanate are the antibiotics of choice for children with acute bacterial sinusitis.","PeriodicalId":88627,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health","volume":"4 1","pages":"99-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/PHE.09.67","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68241950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adolescent brain development and behavior","authors":"C. Barr, P. Sandor","doi":"10.2217/PHE.09.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/PHE.09.66","url":null,"abstract":"The symposium on ‘The Adolescent Brain Development and Behaviour’ was organized in honor of the 40th anniversary of Youthdale Treatment Clinics in Toronto. The idea for a symposium dedicated to the adolescent brain was conceived over a year ago and was stimulated by recent rapid progress in neurobiological research focused on this developmental period. Puberty is a time of dramatic physiological, cognitive and emotional changes associated with increased risk for psychiatric disorders as well as increased risk-taking behavior. The increase in risk for psychiatric disorders may be a function of biological changes in gonadal hormones, or may result from increased emotional stress, or an interaction of these factors. Brain structures show dramatic changes in myelination, synaptogenesis and synaptic pruning from late childhood to early adolescence. Learning and experience probably interact with the biologically programmed developmental influences modifying synaptic connections and region-specific structure and...","PeriodicalId":88627,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health","volume":"4 1","pages":"13-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/PHE.09.66","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68241276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Oxygen for cyanotic neonates: friend or foe?","authors":"K. McMann, R. Schelonka","doi":"10.2217/PHE.09.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/PHE.09.70","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88627,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/PHE.09.70","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68242093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Role of β-blocker therapy in pediatric heart failure.","authors":"Akash R Patel, Robert E Shaddy","doi":"10.2217/phe.09.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/phe.09.65","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heart failure is becoming an increasingly common and significant problem in the field of pediatric cardiology. The numerous types of cardiomyopathies, and more recently, long-term survival of patients with congenital heart disease, have added to a growing patient population. Over the last several decades, our knowledge base regarding mechanisms of disease and therapeutic intervention in adult patients with heart failure has drastically changed. The most recent and important breakthrough in the pharmacologic treatment of heart failure has been the particular role of β-blocker therapy. This medication has led to significant improvements in survival and symptoms in adults, with less convincing findings in limited studies in pediatrics. The ability to study the benefits of this therapy in patients has been challenging owing to the heterogeneity of the patient population and lack of large sample sizes. However, as we investigate the mechanisms behind the disease process, the differences that exist between disease conditions and ages, and the significant alterations that may exist at the molecular and genetic level, our understanding of β-blocker therapy in pediatric heart failure will improve, and ultimately may lead to patient-specific therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":88627,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health","volume":"4 1","pages":"45-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/phe.09.65","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30041782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leslie K Dennis, Vijaya Kancherla, Linda G Snetselaar
{"title":"Adolescent attitudes towards tanning: does age matter?","authors":"Leslie K Dennis, Vijaya Kancherla, Linda G Snetselaar","doi":"10.2217/phe.09.55","DOIUrl":"10.2217/phe.09.55","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adolescents seem to be obsessed with tanning. One third of both adolescents and adults report sunbathing. On average, about 20% of adolescents report ever-using of artificial UV tanning devices with 15% currently using them. Tanning attitudes appear similar for adolescents and adults. The top three reasons for tanning included beliefs that a tan makes them more comfortable socializing with friends, looks better and is attractive. The top reason for using artificial UV tanning devices is also aesthetics, followed by relaxation. Other reasons for using artificial UV tanning devices include vacation preparation and to gain a protective base. Attitudes related to appearance that result in more frequent tanning may be difficult to change.</p>","PeriodicalId":88627,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health","volume":"3 6","pages":"565-578"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3374604/pdf/nihms378538.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30698552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma: Past, present and future","authors":"A. Weiss, M. Neier, R. Drachtman","doi":"10.2217/PHE.09.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/PHE.09.60","url":null,"abstract":"The history of treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma in children and young adults has been one of increasing success, with the focus shifting in recent years from cure, regardless of the cost, to an increasing concern regarding late effects and other consequences of treatment. Ongoing protocols continue to explore the use of risk-based therapy, further delineating the ability to individualize therapy in an effort to decrease morbidity and mortality, while preserving excellent cure rates.","PeriodicalId":88627,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health","volume":"3 1","pages":"593-606"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/PHE.09.60","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68241623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimizing neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants and children following prenatal SSRI exposure","authors":"T. Oberlander","doi":"10.2217/PHE.09.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/PHE.09.56","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88627,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health","volume":"3 1","pages":"511-514"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/PHE.09.56","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68241508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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