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Journal of experimental stroke & translational medicine最新文献

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Clinical trial structures. 临床试验结构。
Journal of experimental stroke & translational medicine Pub Date : 2010-02-09 DOI: 10.6030/1939-067x-3.1.8
Scott R Evans
{"title":"Clinical trial structures.","authors":"Scott R Evans","doi":"10.6030/1939-067x-3.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6030/1939-067x-3.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most errors in clinical trials are a result of poor planning. Fancy statistical methods cannot rescue design flaws. Thus careful planning with clear foresight is crucial. The selection of a clinical trial design structure requires logic and creativity. Common structural designs are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":88544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental stroke & translational medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"8-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3059315/pdf/nihms275040.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29758713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 153
Common statistical concerns in clinical trials. 临床试验中常见的统计问题。
Journal of experimental stroke & translational medicine Pub Date : 2010-02-09 DOI: 10.6030/1939-067x-3.1.1
Scott R Evans
{"title":"Common statistical concerns in clinical trials.","authors":"Scott R Evans","doi":"10.6030/1939-067x-3.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6030/1939-067x-3.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Statistics are an integral part of clinical trials. Elements of statistics span clinical trial design, data monitoring, analyses, and reporting. A solid understanding of statistical concepts by clinicians improves the comprehension and the resulting quality of clinical trials. This manuscript outlines common statistical concerns in clinical trials that are important for clinicians to understand.</p>","PeriodicalId":88544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental stroke & translational medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3059317/pdf/nihms275034.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29758715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Towards a dynamical network view of brain ischemia and reperfusion. Part III: therapeutic implications. 脑缺血再灌注的动态网络观。第三部分:治疗意义。
Journal of experimental stroke & translational medicine Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.6030/1939-067x-3.1.90
Donald J Degracia
{"title":"Towards a dynamical network view of brain ischemia and reperfusion. Part III: therapeutic implications.","authors":"Donald J Degracia","doi":"10.6030/1939-067x-3.1.90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6030/1939-067x-3.1.90","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The general failure of neuroprotectants in clinical trials of ischemic stroke points to the possibility of a fundamental blind spot in the current conception of ischemic brain injury, the \"ischemic cascade\". This is the third in a series of four papers whose purpose is to work towards a revision of the concept of brain ischemia by applying network concepts to develop a bistable model of brain ischemia. Here the bistable model of brain ischemia is compared to the ischemic cascade concept. The core weakness of the ischemic cascade concept is revealed to be its assumption of superposition, or that the elements of the ischemic cascade can be summed as linearly independent events. This assumption leads to a concept of neuroprotection as a subtraction of ostensibly independent damage events. The bistable model offers a different concept of neuroprotection where the role of individual molecular pathways decreases in relevance with respect to the efficacy of outcome. Network thinking provides a framework for critical assessment of widely-used preclinical experimental approaches. The importance of allometric scaling is also discussed. We illustrate that the bistable model provides a viable alternative to the ischemic cascade as an explanatory framework and as a guide for therapeutic development.</p>","PeriodicalId":88544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental stroke & translational medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"90-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3027058/pdf/nihms263686.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29636266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Fundamentals of clinical trial design. 临床试验设计基础。
Journal of experimental stroke & translational medicine Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.6030/1939-067x-3.1.19
Scott R Evans
{"title":"Fundamentals of clinical trial design.","authors":"Scott R Evans","doi":"10.6030/1939-067x-3.1.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6030/1939-067x-3.1.19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most errors in clinical trials are a result of poor planning. Fancy statistical methods cannot rescue design flaws. Thus careful planning with clear foresight is crucial. Issues in trial conduct and analyses should be anticipated during trial design and thoughtfully addressed. Fundamental clinical trial design issues are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":88544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental stroke & translational medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"19-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3083073/pdf/nihms275041.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29849994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 54
Towards a dynamical network view of brain ischemia and reperfusion. Part II: a post-ischemic neuronal state space. 脑缺血再灌注的动态网络观。第二部分:缺血后神经元状态空间。
Journal of experimental stroke & translational medicine Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.6030/1939-067x-3.1.72
Donald J Degracia
{"title":"Towards a dynamical network view of brain ischemia and reperfusion. Part II: a post-ischemic neuronal state space.","authors":"Donald J Degracia","doi":"10.6030/1939-067x-3.1.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6030/1939-067x-3.1.72","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The general failure of neuroprotectants in clinical trials of ischemic stroke points to the possibility of a fundamental blind spot in the current conception of ischemic brain injury, the \"ischemic cascade\". This is the second in a series of four papers whose purpose is to work towards a revision of the concept of brain ischemia by applying network concepts to develop a bistable model of brain ischemia. We here build the bistable network model of brain ischemia. The central concept is that of a post-ischemic state space. Ischemia, as a quantitative perturbation, is envisioned to push the brain through a series of four phenotypes as a function of the amount of ischemia: the homeostatic, preconditioned, delayed neuronal death and necrotic phenotypes. The phenotypes are meta-stable attractors in the landscape of the post-ischemic state space. The sequence of the phenotypes derives from the mutual antagonism between damage mechanisms and stress responses, each conceived as aggregate ensemble variables. The competition between damage mechanisms and stress responses is posited to have the form of a bistability. Application of bistability to brain ischemia is grounded in the incontrovertible fact that post-ischemic neurons face the mutually exclusive decision to either live or die.</p>","PeriodicalId":88544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental stroke & translational medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"72-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3023413/pdf/nihms-263676.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29619014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
RODENT STROKE MODEL GUIDELINES FOR PRECLINICAL STROKE TRIALS (1ST EDITION). 临床前卒中试验啮齿动物卒中模型指南(第一版)。
Journal of experimental stroke & translational medicine Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.6030/1939-067x-2.2.2
Shimin Liu, Gehua Zhen, Bruno P Meloni, Kym Campbell, H Richard Winn
{"title":"RODENT STROKE MODEL GUIDELINES FOR PRECLINICAL STROKE TRIALS (1ST EDITION).","authors":"Shimin Liu,&nbsp;Gehua Zhen,&nbsp;Bruno P Meloni,&nbsp;Kym Campbell,&nbsp;H Richard Winn","doi":"10.6030/1939-067x-2.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6030/1939-067x-2.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Translational stroke research is a challenging task that needs long term team work of the stroke research community. Highly reproducible stroke models with excellent outcome consistence are essential for obtaining useful data from preclinical stroke trials as well as for improving inter-lab comparability. However, our review of literature shows that the infarct variation coefficient of commonly performed stroke models ranges from 5% to 200%. An overall improvement of the commonly used stroke models will further improve the quality for experimental stroke research as well as inter-lab comparability. Many factors play a significant role in causing outcome variation; however, they have not yet been adequately addressed in the Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable (STAIR) recommendations and the Good Laboratory Practice (GLP). These critical factors include selection of anesthetics, maintenance of animal physiological environment, stroke outcome observation, and model specific factors that affect success rate and variation. The authors have reviewed these major factors that have been reported to influence stroke model outcome, herewith, provide the first edition of stroke model guidelines so to initiate active discussion on this topic. We hope to reach a general agreement among stroke researchers in the near future with its successive updated versions.</p>","PeriodicalId":88544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental stroke & translational medicine","volume":"2 2","pages":"2-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2848489/pdf/nihms-186553.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28903836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 148
Dealing with publication bias in translational stroke research. 处理中风转化研究中的发表偏差。
Journal of experimental stroke & translational medicine Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.6030/1939-067x-2.1.16
Shimin Liu
{"title":"Dealing with publication bias in translational stroke research.","authors":"Shimin Liu","doi":"10.6030/1939-067x-2.1.16","DOIUrl":"10.6030/1939-067x-2.1.16","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Publication bias has been around for about 50 years. It has become a concern for almost 20 years in the medical research community. This review briefly summarizes the current status of publication bias, potential sources where bias may arise from, and its common evaluation methods. In the field of translational stroke research, publication bias has long been suspected; however, it has not been addressed with sufficient efforts. Its status has remained the same during the last decade. The author emphasizes the important role that publishers might play in addressing publication bias.</p>","PeriodicalId":88544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental stroke & translational medicine","volume":"2 1","pages":"16-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2860750/pdf/nihms186543.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28956341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Long-term survival and serial assessment of stroke damage and recovery - practical and methodological considerations. 脑卒中损害和恢复的长期生存和系列评估——实用性和方法学的考虑。
Journal of experimental stroke & translational medicine Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.6030/1939-067X-2.2.52
Michel Modo
{"title":"Long-term survival and serial assessment of stroke damage and recovery - practical and methodological considerations.","authors":"Michel Modo","doi":"10.6030/1939-067X-2.2.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6030/1939-067X-2.2.52","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Impairments caused by stroke remain the main cause for adult disability. Despite a vigorous research effort, only 1 thrombolytic treatment has been approved in acute stroke (<3h). The limitations of preclinical studies and how these can be overcome have been the subject of various guidelines. However, often these guidelines focus on the acute stroke setting and omit long-term outcome measures, such as behaviour and neuroimaging. The considerations and practicalities of including the serial assessment of these approaches and their significance to establish therapeutic efficacy are discussed here.</p>","PeriodicalId":88544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental stroke & translational medicine","volume":"2 2","pages":"52-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3292406/pdf/nihms356380.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30505976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
The Continued Promise of Neuroprotection for Acute Stroke Treatment. 神经保护在急性中风治疗中的持续前景。
Journal of experimental stroke & translational medicine Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.6030/1939-067x-1.1.1
Shimin Liu, Steven R Levine
{"title":"The Continued Promise of Neuroprotection for Acute Stroke Treatment.","authors":"Shimin Liu,&nbsp;Steven R Levine","doi":"10.6030/1939-067x-1.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6030/1939-067x-1.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stroke is the second leading cause of death. However, effective pharmocologic treatment options are still extremely limited and applicable to only a small fraction of patents. The translational failure in finding an effective neuroprotectant for ischemic strokes has generated an active discussion in this field. One focus has been on validating systems for testing neuroprotectants. This review discusses some fundamental issues in experimental stroke that are worthy of further exploration. We begin with a general review of the current status of experimental stroke research and then move on to a discussion of the determining factors and processes that control and differentiate the fate of ischemic ischemic cells and tissue. We propose several strategies of neuroprotection for ischemic strokes with an emphasis on manipulating cellular energy state.</p>","PeriodicalId":88544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental stroke & translational medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2830001/pdf/nihms100088.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28749039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
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