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Stavudine in first-line antiretroviral regimens in resource-limited settings: time for a better solution 司他夫定在资源有限地区一线抗逆转录病毒治疗方案中的应用:寻找更好解决方案的时间
HIV therapy Pub Date : 2009-03-06 DOI: 10.2217/17584310.3.2.109
J. Bartlett, V. Maro
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引用次数: 2
Innate natural killer cell phenotype and function during HIV-1 infection: potential avenues for modulation 先天自然杀伤细胞表型和功能在HIV-1感染:调节的潜在途径
HIV therapy Pub Date : 2009-03-06 DOI: 10.2217/17584310.3.2.161
M. Goodier, A. Coleman
{"title":"Innate natural killer cell phenotype and function during HIV-1 infection: potential avenues for modulation","authors":"M. Goodier, A. Coleman","doi":"10.2217/17584310.3.2.161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/17584310.3.2.161","url":null,"abstract":"Recent developments in the field of innate immunity and the discovery of novel functions of natural killer (NK) cells have opened up potential new avenues for therapeutic intervention in HIV-1 infection. NK cells inhibit virus entry into CD4+ T cells, kill infected CD4+ T cells, help the maturation of antigen-specific T-cell responses and promote physiological repair processes throughout the body. NK cells are numerically and functionally compromised during chronic HIV-1 infection, with reduced ability to kill infected cells and to produce regulatory cytokines. HAART induces a recovery in cell number and in some functions of blood NK cells, whilst others remain suppressed. This article reviews the potential of supplementary cytokines, hormones and therapeutic vaccines to reconstitute NK cell functions in people with HIV-1 infection receiving HAART.","PeriodicalId":88510,"journal":{"name":"HIV therapy","volume":"138 1","pages":"161-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74845833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Trials and tribulations of HIV vaccines 艾滋病毒疫苗的试验和磨难
HIV therapy Pub Date : 2009-03-06 DOI: 10.2217/17584310.3.2.145
Chris Weatherall, A. Kelleher, D. Cooper
{"title":"Trials and tribulations of HIV vaccines","authors":"Chris Weatherall, A. Kelleher, D. Cooper","doi":"10.2217/17584310.3.2.145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/17584310.3.2.145","url":null,"abstract":"After 25 years and two unsuccessful Phase III trials, the elusive goal of an effective HIV vaccine receded further when the Phase IIb STEP study was curtailed upon reaching predetermined futility criteria. Analyses to date suggest that the vaccine regimen successfully engendered HIV-specific T-lymphocyte responses. Yet this was at best ineffective, as the group of male subjects with prior immunity to adenovirus-5 appeared to have an increased risk of infection. With the vaccine development pipeline entirely focused on eliciting cell-mediated immunity, and many candidates incorporating recombinant adenoviral vectors, the failure of STEP issues a strong challenge to HIV vaccine scientists on several fronts. Can a vaccine provoking cell-mediated immunity protect against HIV? Does prior immunity to a vaccine vector render it ineffective or even dangerous? And how do we identify the next Phase III vaccine candidate when in vitro immunogenicity and apparent protection in animal models has failed to predict succ...","PeriodicalId":88510,"journal":{"name":"HIV therapy","volume":"362 1","pages":"145-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74883943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The prospect of APOBEC3G for the future of HIV therapy APOBEC3G对未来HIV治疗的前景
HIV therapy Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.2217/17584310.3.1.7
Courtney Prochnow, R. Bransteitter, M. Goodman, Xiaojiang S. Chen
{"title":"The prospect of APOBEC3G for the future of HIV therapy","authors":"Courtney Prochnow, R. Bransteitter, M. Goodman, Xiaojiang S. Chen","doi":"10.2217/17584310.3.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/17584310.3.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"APOBEC3G (Apo3G), a cellular protein that has the ability to inhibit HIV, offers a new hope for fighting against HIV-1 infection. Recent advances in Apo3G structural and functional studies provide an opportunity for structurebased drug design and development to unleash the potent anti-HIV activity of Apo3G for AIDS prevention and therapy. Although the availability of antiretroviral regimens in the USA has significantly improved the life expectancy of patients presently receiving treatment, viral strains are emerging that are resistant to at least one or more of the six major classes of HIV drugs, which include inhibitors of viral entry, fusion, integrases, reverse transcriptase (nucleoside/nucleotide analogs and non-nucleoside inhibitors) and proteases [1]. Also troubling is the prevalent number of new infections that involve the transmission of drugresistant viral strains [1]. As HIV patients live longer, the emergence of drug-resistant HIV viral strains has become a more common occurrence. There is an urgent need for novel classes of HIV drugs that can inactivate the highly mutagenic HIV virus with high efficiency and less toxicity.","PeriodicalId":88510,"journal":{"name":"HIV therapy","volume":"1 1","pages":"7-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85155975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Antiretroviral prophylaxis for the prevention of HIV infection: future implementation challenges 预防艾滋病毒感染的抗逆转录病毒预防:未来实施的挑战
HIV therapy Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.2217/17584310.3.1.3
S. Karim, C. Baxter
{"title":"Antiretroviral prophylaxis for the prevention of HIV infection: future implementation challenges","authors":"S. Karim, C. Baxter","doi":"10.2217/17584310.3.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/17584310.3.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Use of antiretrovirals in pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for prevention of HIV infection builds on the premise that effective therapeutic medications can be used by healthy people to prevent certain infections. This article reviews past clinical trial findings discusses upcoming trials and addresses future PrEP implementation challenges.","PeriodicalId":88510,"journal":{"name":"HIV therapy","volume":"65 1","pages":"3-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90830971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 32
Minority drug-resistant HIV-1 variants: transmission and response to antiretroviral therapy 少数耐药HIV-1变异:传播和对抗逆转录病毒治疗的反应
HIV therapy Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.2217/17584310.3.1.55
B. Masquelier
{"title":"Minority drug-resistant HIV-1 variants: transmission and response to antiretroviral therapy","authors":"B. Masquelier","doi":"10.2217/17584310.3.1.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/17584310.3.1.55","url":null,"abstract":"The transmission of HIV-1 variants with resistance to antiretroviral therapy can impair response to first-line antiretroviral therapy. The current genotypic tests used for surveillance of HIV-1 resistance and routine management of antiretroviral therapy have a limit of sensitivity of approximately 20% of the bulk viral population for the detection of minority variants. Ultrasensitive genotypic techniques have been developed and are able to increase the detection of minority-resistant viruses in a significant proportion of antiretroviral-naive patients. De novo production and transmission of minority variants are discussed. Discordant results have been reported considering the clinical relevance of minority resistant variants and their impact on first-line therapy, which could be due to treatment regimens and the duration of infection.","PeriodicalId":88510,"journal":{"name":"HIV therapy","volume":"39 1","pages":"55-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82200595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Neurotoxic dideoxynucleoside antiretroviral therapy is not associated with progression of painful distal polyneuropathy 神经毒性双脱氧核苷抗逆转录病毒治疗与疼痛性远端多发性神经病的进展无关
HIV therapy Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.2217/17584310.3.1.35
K. Elliott, D. Simpson
{"title":"Neurotoxic dideoxynucleoside antiretroviral therapy is not associated with progression of painful distal polyneuropathy","authors":"K. Elliott, D. Simpson","doi":"10.2217/17584310.3.1.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/17584310.3.1.35","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluation of: Hung CF, Gibson SA, Letendre SL et al.: Impact of long-term treatment with neurotoxic dideoxynucleoside antiretrovirals: implications for clinical care in resource-limited settings. HIV Med. 9, 731–737 (2008). Dideoxynucleoside antiretroviral (d-drug) use is limited by peripheral nervous system toxicity. d-drugs are generically made and are cheaper antiretrovirals then branded non-d-drugs. In the context of financial barriers to delivering HIV care in resource-limited settings, cheaper d-drugs may mean the difference between treatment and no treatment. Whether or not d-drug neurotoxicity is cumulative could determine the applicability of d-drug use in resource-limited settings. In a US cohort of HIV-infected patients, the authors evaluated the safety of continued d-drug use by measuring the risk of d-drug to worsen neuropathy signs or symptoms. A total of 252 subjects on d-drugs were compared with 250 subjects on non-d-drug antiretrovirals and followed over a median of 18 months for signs o...","PeriodicalId":88510,"journal":{"name":"HIV therapy","volume":"20 1","pages":"35-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79694935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Efficacy and resistance of recently developed non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors for HIV-1 最近开发的非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂对HIV-1的疗效和耐药性
HIV therapy Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.2217/17584310.3.1.63
R. Rossotti, S. Rusconi
{"title":"Efficacy and resistance of recently developed non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors for HIV-1","authors":"R. Rossotti, S. Rusconi","doi":"10.2217/17584310.3.1.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/17584310.3.1.63","url":null,"abstract":"Since the introduction of the HAART, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) have played an essential role in treating HIV: their strong antiviral potency, good metabolic profile and low pill burden make them an ideal option in the design of an optimized triple drug regimen. Nonetheless, the currently approved NNRTIs (efavirenz and nevirapine) are weighed by peculiar toxicities, while a low genetic barrier and the development of cross-resistance significantly limits their use in cases of suboptimal adherence. Many drugs are in development and they are all designed with the aim to overcome resistance problems. In this review we present data on virological efficacy and resistance profiles of some of the most promising new molecules: some (such as rilpivirine) are close to being marketed, others are in Phase II trials (IDX899 and RDEA806), others again have just completed preclinical studies and are having their first clinical evaluations (RO-5028, UK-453061 and BILR-355 BS); etravirine is a...","PeriodicalId":88510,"journal":{"name":"HIV therapy","volume":"20 1","pages":"63-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81436735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Addressing HIV-related stigma 解决与艾滋病毒有关的污名
HIV therapy Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.2217/17584310.3.1.11
M. Visser, B. Forsyth
{"title":"Addressing HIV-related stigma","authors":"M. Visser, B. Forsyth","doi":"10.2217/17584310.3.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/17584310.3.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88510,"journal":{"name":"HIV therapy","volume":"136 1","pages":"11-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77378059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
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