F1000 medicine reports最新文献_第9页

Advances in laryngoscopy: rigid indirect laryngoscopy. 喉镜检查的进展:刚性间接喉镜检查。

F1000 medicine reports Pub Date : 2010-08-19 DOI: 10.3410/M2-61

Deanne R Cheyne, Patrick Doyle

引用次数: 13

Recent advances in the treatment of pain. 疼痛治疗的最新进展。

F1000 medicine reports Pub Date : 2010-08-19 DOI: 10.3410/M2-63

Mellar P Davis

{"title":"Recent advances in the treatment of pain.","authors":"Mellar P Davis","doi":"10.3410/M2-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3410/M2-63","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer pain and chronic non-malignant pain can be difficult to manage and may not respond satisfactorily to standard analgesics. Sequential empiric analgesic trials are usually done to manage individual patients. Experimental human pain models have helped to clarify mechanisms of opioid and adjuvant analgesic actions. Combinations of opioids and adjuvant analgesics better relieve pain than either opioids or adjuvant analgesics alone, as demonstrated in randomized controlled trials. The analgesic activity of antidepressants is largely dependent upon norepinephrine reuptake and activation of alpha 2 adrenergic receptors. Corticosteroids reduce postoperative orthopedic incident pain, which may allow patients to ambulate earlier and with less pain. Spinal corticosteroids reduce lower hemibody pain. Gabapentinoids as single high doses reduce postoperative pain and certain acute pain syndromes. Individuals who experience flares of pain while on spinal opioids benefit from intrathecal boluses of levobupivicaine or sublingual ketamine. Interventional approaches to pain management are often necessary due to the limitations of systemic analgesics. Electronics stimulators (peripheral, spinal and motor cortex) improve difficult to manage chronic pain syndromes. Pulsed radiofrequency reduces pain without tissue damage, which could be an advantage over chemical or radiofrequency neurotomy. Botulinum toxin A reduces focal neuropathic pain that is durable. Interventional related successes in relieving pain are operator dependent. Most reported benefits of systemic and regional analgesics and interventional approaches to pain relief are not based on randomized trials and are subject to selection bias, sampling error, and placebo responses, which may over-inflate reported benefits. Randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm reported benefits.","PeriodicalId":88480,"journal":{"name":"F1000 medicine reports","volume":"2 ","pages":"63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3410/M2-63","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29549321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules using fine-needle aspiration cytology and oncogene mutation screening: are we ready? 用细针穿刺细胞学和癌基因突变筛查鉴别诊断甲状腺结节:我们准备好了吗?

F1000 medicine reports Pub Date : 2010-08-19 DOI: 10.3410/M2-62

Rosa Marina Melillo, Massimo Santoro, Giancarlo Vecchio

{"title":"Differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules using fine-needle aspiration cytology and oncogene mutation screening: are we ready?","authors":"Rosa Marina Melillo, Massimo Santoro, Giancarlo Vecchio","doi":"10.3410/M2-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3410/M2-62","url":null,"abstract":"Thyroid nodules are a very common clinical finding, and although the majority of them are benign, thyroid carcinoma accounts for about 5-15% of nodules. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is actually used for the differential diagnosis of these lesions. Although in most cases this examination clearly distinguishes benign from malignant lesions, some fine-needle aspiration (FNA) samples fall into undetermined thyroid cytology categories, which according to the most recent classification of thyroid FNAC consist of 'suspicious for malignancy', 'suspicious for follicular or Hurtle cell neoplasm', and 'follicular lesion of undetermined significance/atypia of undetermined significance'. Moreover, some samples are insufficient for diagnosis. Taken together, these categories account for almost 20-30% of nodules. Owing to the high risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma, patients with lesions that are 'suspicious for malignancy' are currently subjected to lobectomy or total thyroidectomy. On the other hand, patients with 'atypia of undetermined significance' undergo repeated FNAs, and patients with 'suspicious for follicular or Hurtle cell neoplasm' are subjected to diagnostic lobectomy and subsequently, in the case of histological diagnosis of carcinoma, total thyroidectomy. Recent studies clearly indicate that molecular analysis of thyroid nodules can significantly improve the diagnostic power of cytology and drive the appropriate clinical management of these patients.","PeriodicalId":88480,"journal":{"name":"F1000 medicine reports","volume":"2 ","pages":"62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ba/99/medrep-02-62.PMC2994260.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29545851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Relationships between mild traumatic brain injury sustained in combat and post-traumatic stress disorder. 战斗中轻度创伤性脑损伤与创伤后应激障碍之间的关系。

F1000 medicine reports Pub Date : 2010-08-19 DOI: 10.3410/M2-64

Robert L Ruff, Ronald G Riechers, Suzanne S Ruff

引用次数: 26

New methods for diagnosis and treatment of vestibular diseases. 前庭疾病诊断与治疗的新方法。

F1000 medicine reports Pub Date : 2010-08-09 DOI: 10.3410/M2-60

Stefan Ca Hegemann, Antonella Palla

引用次数: 11

On diagnostic blocks for lumbar zygapophysial joint pain. 腰椎关节关节疼痛的诊断阻滞。

F1000 medicine reports Pub Date : 2010-08-09 DOI: 10.3410/M2-57

Nikolai Bogduk

引用次数: 40

Recent advances in hormonal contraception. 激素避孕的最新进展。

F1000 medicine reports Pub Date : 2010-08-09 DOI: 10.3410/M2-58

Hw Raymond Li, Richard A Anderson

引用次数: 13

Is there evidence for a set point that regulates human body weight? 有证据表明存在一个调节人体体重的设定值吗?

F1000 medicine reports Pub Date : 2010-08-09 DOI: 10.3410/M2-59

Manfred J Müller, Anja Bosy-Westphal, Steven B Heymsfield

{"title":"Is there evidence for a set point that regulates human body weight?","authors":"Manfred J Müller, Anja Bosy-Westphal, Steven B Heymsfield","doi":"10.3410/M2-59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3410/M2-59","url":null,"abstract":"There is evidence for the idea that there is biological (active) control of body weight at a given set point. Body weight is the product of genetic effects (DNA), epigenetic effects (heritable traits that do not involve changes in DNA), and the environment. Regulation of body weight is asymmetric, being more effective in response to weight loss than to weight gain. However, regulation may be lost or camouflaged by Western diets, suggesting that the failure of biological control is due mainly to external factors. In this situation, the body's 'set point' (i.e., a constant 'body-inherent' weight regulated by a proportional feedback control system) is replaced by various 'settling points' that are influenced by energy and macronutrient intake in order for the body to achieve a zero energy balance. In a world of abundance, a prudent lifestyle and thus cognitive control are preconditions of effective biological control and a stable body weight. This idea also impacts future genetic research on body weight regulation. Searching for the genetic background of excess weight gain in a world of abundance is misleading since the possible biological control is widely overshadowed by the effect of the environment. In regard to clinical practice, dietary approaches to both weight loss and weight gain have to be reconsidered. In underweight patients (e.g., patients with anorexia nervosa), weight gain is supported by biological mechanisms that may or may not be suppressed by hyperalimentation. To overcome weight loss-induced counter-regulation in the overweight, biological signals have to be taken into account. Computational modeling of weight changes based on metabolic flux and its regulation will provide future strategies for clinical nutrition.","PeriodicalId":88480,"journal":{"name":"F1000 medicine reports","volume":"2 ","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3410/M2-59","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29548607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 56

Management of acromegaly. 肢端肥大症的治疗。

F1000 medicine reports Pub Date : 2010-07-22 DOI: 10.3410/M2-54

Vladimir Vasilev, Adrian Daly, Sabina Zacharieva, Albert Beckers

引用次数: 3

Clinical applications of breath testing. 呼气测试的临床应用。

F1000 medicine reports Pub Date : 2010-07-22 DOI: 10.3410/M2-56

Kelly M Paschke, Alquam Mashir, Raed A Dweik

引用次数: 52