{"title":"PLACEBOS AND NEUROFEEDBACK: A CASE FOR FACILITATING AND MAXIMIZING PLACEBO RESPONSE IN NEUROFEEDBACK TREATMENTS","authors":"D. Hammond","doi":"10.1080/10874208.2011.570694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10874208.2011.570694","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides an overview of the nature of placebo responses. A critical review is provided of placebo-controlled psychopharmacology research, demonstrating that a large proportion of the improvements resulting from psychiatric medication treatments is the result of placebo effects. This finding calls into question the degree to which psychiatric treatments are genuinely evidence based. The value, limitations, and ethical problems associated with placebo-controlled research in the field of neurofeedback are then discussed. Placebo effects are an active ingredient in all therapeutic modalities. Rather than being a negative to be controlled, however, clinicians can view placebo responses as actually representing a resource to be encouraged and maximized. Practical examples are offered for creating positive expectancies and for the use of positive suggestions to further enhance neurofeedback treatment outcomes.","PeriodicalId":88271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurotherapy","volume":"15 1","pages":"94-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10874208.2011.570694","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59805074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Review of :“Brain-Building Nutrition: How Dietary Fats and Oils Affect Mental, Physical, and Emotional Intelligence. Michael A. Schmidt, PhD.”","authors":"R. Lyle","doi":"10.1080/10874208.2011.570685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10874208.2011.570685","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurotherapy","volume":"18 1","pages":"189-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10874208.2011.570685","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59804881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of SMR and Theta/Beta Neurofeedback on Reaction Times, Spatial Abilities, and Creativity","authors":"M. Doppelmayr, E. Weber","doi":"10.1080/10874208.2011.570689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10874208.2011.570689","url":null,"abstract":"Neurofeedback training (NFT) has been demonstrated to be a useful, inexpensive, nonpharmacological tool in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and epilepsy in humans. Different neurofeedback training protocols have been associated with positive effects on performance in sports, creativity, memory, and simple reaction time tasks. During NFT, individuals receive visual or acoustic feedback of their brain oscillations, which are recorded by electroencephalogram (EEG). Through operant conditioning that employs this feedback, the individuals subsequently may be able to modulate the respective oscillations. The most widely used training protocols focus on either the enhancement of the sensorimotor rhythm (SMR; 12–15 Hz) or modulation of the theta/beta ratio (TBR; theta: 4.5–7.5 Hz, beta: 17–21 Hz). We investigated whether healthy individuals are able to learn, within 30 NFT sessions, how to modulate either the SMR (n = 13) or the TBR (n = 14), and whether such modulation can lead to an enh...","PeriodicalId":88271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurotherapy","volume":"15 1","pages":"115-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10874208.2011.570689","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59804947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Long-Term Effects of Neurofeedback Training in Anterior Cingulate Cortex: A Short Follow-Up Report","authors":"Rex L. Cannon, J. Lubar","doi":"10.1080/10874208.2011.570688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10874208.2011.570688","url":null,"abstract":"This report is a follow-up illustrating the long-term absolute power and coherence changes in two participants that completed 30 sessions of training 14–18 Hz in the cognitive division of anterior cingulate gyrus. One female after 7 months and 1 male at 13 months agreed for follow-up EEG procedures. We obtained 3-min eyes-closed and eyes-opened baselines for comparison to pretraining eyes-closed and eyes-opened baselines. We utilized Neuroguide version 2.4 for comparisons. We compared pre- and postpsychometric scores. Analysis of variance procedures show significant differences between the pretraining baselines and follow-up baselines. There are significant differences between pre- and postworking memory and processing speed scores. LORETA neurofeedback in the anterior cingulate cortex appears to induce long-term cortical changes and produces significant positive increases in working memory and processing speed scores.","PeriodicalId":88271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurotherapy","volume":"15 1","pages":"130-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10874208.2011.570688","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59804925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Kropotov, M. Pronina, V. Ponomarev, Pavel V. Murashev
{"title":"In Search of New Protocols of Neurofeedback: Independent Components of Event-Related Potentials","authors":"J. Kropotov, M. Pronina, V. Ponomarev, Pavel V. Murashev","doi":"10.1080/10874208.2011.570696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10874208.2011.570696","url":null,"abstract":"In this article we present a method for decomposing individual multichannel event-related potentials (ERPs) into functionally meaningful components by means of spatial filtering. The spatial filters are based on topographies of components obtained by application of Independent Component Analysis (ICA) to a large collection (n = 297) of individual ERPs in the paired GO/NOGO task. sLORETA has been used for depicting neuronal generators of independent components (ICs). The ICs are divided into sensory-related (visual N1 and N170) and executive components presumably associated with engagement operation (P3b), action suppression (P3 NOGO) and conflict monitoring (P4 NOGO) operations. In a pilot study on 10 healthy subjects the feasibility of ICA/ERP-based neurofeedback approach has been tested. A neurofeedback protocol was implemented to test the amplitude training of the P3b independent component generated in the parietal cortex. The effect of 20 min of neurofeedback on ERPs in healthy subjects is presented. ...","PeriodicalId":88271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurotherapy","volume":"15 1","pages":"151-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10874208.2011.570696","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59805144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Corydon Hammond, Genie Bodenhamer-Davis, Gerald Gluck, Deborah A Stokes, Sara Hunt Harper, D. Trudeau, Margaret Macdonald, J. Lunt, L. Kirk
{"title":"Standards of Practice for Neurofeedback and Neurotherapy: A Position Paper of the International Society for Neurofeedback & Research","authors":"D. Corydon Hammond, Genie Bodenhamer-Davis, Gerald Gluck, Deborah A Stokes, Sara Hunt Harper, D. Trudeau, Margaret Macdonald, J. Lunt, L. Kirk","doi":"10.1080/10874208.2010.545760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10874208.2010.545760","url":null,"abstract":"This position paper of the International Society for Neurofeedback and Research (ISNR) sets forth standards and guidelines for the practice of neurofeedback and neurotherapy. Issues discussed include competency, qualifications of practitioners, scope of practice, informed consent, pretreatment assessment, standards for remote training, record keeping and billing, accountability, standards for practitioner training and qualifications to be trained, adequate supervision and coaching of training sessions, ethical advertising, standards for professional societies, and standards for those who sell and manufacture neurofeedback equipment.","PeriodicalId":88271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurotherapy","volume":"15 1","pages":"54-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10874208.2010.545760","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59804814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"NEUROFIELD: THREE CASE STUDIES","authors":"Nicholas J. Dogris","doi":"10.1080/10874208.2010.545754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10874208.2010.545754","url":null,"abstract":"NeuroField is an extremely low intensity electromagnetic stimulation device designed for use in neurotherapy. Three case studies are presented involving treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder using one NeuroField treatment protocol. Each person was evaluated with a pre- and post-NeuroField quantitative EEG. Two of the cases received 15 sessions of NeuroField treatment. The third person received only one NeuroField treatment. Individual analysis of variance statistical analyses showed significant changes in absolute power, relative power, asymmetry, coherence, and phase in all three cases. External measures also showed significant changes. These findings suggest that NeuroField may have clinical value and warrants further research.","PeriodicalId":88271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurotherapy","volume":"15 1","pages":"75-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10874208.2010.545754","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59804767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The First Communications About Operant Conditioning of the EEG","authors":"J. Kamiya","doi":"10.1080/10874208.2011.545764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10874208.2011.545764","url":null,"abstract":"Neurofeedback clearly makes key contributions as a clinical tool for the treatment of neurological and behavioral disorders. It also has a critical role to play as a tool for the investigations of basic scientific questions of how human subjective experience is related to its biology. Indeed, it got its start as a tool for investigating the relation between EEG activity and its subjective concomitants. Recounted here is an account of how the author's interests in this area led first to the study of dreaming sleep using the EEG, followed by an analysis of the conceptual status of subjective experiences like dreams, introspective reports and physiological indicators. At the same time, in the laboratory the development of operant discrimination of brain events became a primary focus, and its results led to the development of EEG biofeedback, now known as neurofeedback, involving both training in the control of the fluctuations in EEG alpha activity, as well as in the control of the central frequency of alpha...","PeriodicalId":88271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurotherapy","volume":"15 1","pages":"65-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10874208.2011.545764","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59804869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Z-Score Training, Combinatorics, and Phase Transitions","authors":"L. Stoller","doi":"10.1080/10874208.2010.545758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10874208.2010.545758","url":null,"abstract":"Live Z-score neurofeedback training introduces neural training based on simultaneously meeting multiple quantitative EEG-based conditions related to power, dispersion (amplitude asymmetry), coherence, and phase (Thatcher, 2008). The greater strength of the approach lies in being able to train tens, hundreds, or even thousands of criteria simultaneously. In taking multithreshold training to a quantitatively new level, Z-score training provides a holistic picture of the brain enabling us to examine the space of the brain's electrical activity with new detail. This article develops a picture of the brain as an evolving dynamical system focusing on the manners in which the brain changes, rather than the specific configurations to which it changes. The object is to develop a better understanding of how we learn in order to develop protocols that better help the brain adjust itself in any situation.","PeriodicalId":88271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurotherapy","volume":"15 1","pages":"35-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10874208.2010.545758","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59804775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Review of: “Neurofeedback and Neuromodulation: Techniques and Applications. Robert Coben and James R. Evans (Eds.).”","authors":"S. Prinsloo","doi":"10.1080/10874208.2010.545765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10874208.2010.545765","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurotherapy","volume":"15 1","pages":"84-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10874208.2010.545765","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59804824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}