Journal of nutritional & environmental medicine最新文献

{"title":"Impact of potential 40K contamination of aquatic resources by waste water from oil","authors":"F. Salih, A. Pillay, K. Jayasekara","doi":"10.1080/13590840802310118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13590840802310118","url":null,"abstract":"Background. In arid regions water is vital and large bodies of waste water that are returned to the environment penetrate the ground and re‐emerge as surface water to be used for domestic purposes.Results. Waste water from oil is disposed of in this way and this study showed that waste water from this origin produced activities of 40K that exceeded the domestic admissible limit of 0.2 Bq L−1. This was used as an indicator to evaluate the threat of contamination to underground aquatic supplies. Several samples were collected and monitored for gamma rays for a period of 1 year. In some cases 40K levels were as high as 100 Bq L−1.Conclusions. The potential impact of these raised levels on aquatic resources and the general environment is discussed. The thrust of this paper is of considerable benefit to oil‐producing countries throughout the world from the perspective of potential contamination by 40K from produced water that is returned to the environment.","PeriodicalId":88013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional & environmental medicine","volume":"17 1","pages":"178-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13590840802310118","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59780720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small colony variants of staphylococci: Pathogenesis and evolutionary significance in causing and sustaining problematic human infections","authors":"Laura A Onyango, R. Dunstan, T. Roberts","doi":"10.1080/13590840801887272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13590840801887272","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Small colony variants have been implicated as the cause of several chronic disease states unmanageable by antibiotic therapy. Thus, this review evaluates the mechanisms employed by this subpopulation in the propagation of nosocomial infections involving the staphylococcal species. Furthermore, we propose several hypotheses for the evolutionary role this phenotype may play in clinical settings.Results. Research suggests that a combined effort of certain auxotrophies contributes to a reduced metabolic rate within small colony variant bacteria. This minimizes the effect of antibiotics used against them and allows this phenotype to endure as an intracellular infection. Additionally, numerous studies have suggested that perhaps these variants alter the mechanisms of the immune system that are normally fashioned against such invasive pathogens. Studies have shown that although these variants possess reduced virulence factors compared with parental strains, they exhibit an increased ability to attach...","PeriodicalId":88013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional & environmental medicine","volume":"17 1","pages":"56-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13590840801887272","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59780359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevation of biosynthesis of endogenous 17‐B oestradiol by boron supplementation: One possible role of dietary boron consumption in humans","authors":"M. Naghii, M. Mofid","doi":"10.1080/13590840802150845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13590840802150845","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Recent evidence indicates that boron has a widespread role in biochemistry and nutrition and may have anti‐carcinogenic properties. It interacts with calcium, vitamin D and magnesium, which are all important in bone metabolism. Boron also increases steroid hormone concentrations in animals and humans and hints at a role in the prevention of chronic diseases such as osteoporosis, arthritis and other steroid hormone dependent diseases. It has been suggested that the interaction between boron and steroid hormone metabolism is mediated by the hydroxylation process that steroids need to be biologically active. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of boron supplementation on the selected steroid hormone productions or steroidogenesis.Methods. The experimental design consisted of two trials, in two different occasions. Seven healthy male volunteers in one group and another nine healthy male volunteers in the second group consumed two tablets each containing 5 mg of boron per day ...","PeriodicalId":88013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional & environmental medicine","volume":"17 1","pages":"127-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13590840802150845","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59780574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Evaluating MCS","authors":"D. Downing","doi":"10.1080/13590840802461846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13590840802461846","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional & environmental medicine","volume":"17 1","pages":"145-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13590840802461846","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59781340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A survey to estimate total nutrient intake at conception — Dietary and supplementary","authors":"J. Nichols, Edward Paul P. Curtis, M. Rayman, Andrew M. Taylor","doi":"10.1080/13590840801934355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13590840801934355","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. To compare the nutritional status of infertile women with non‐pregnant fertile age‐matched controls and to assess the periconceptional intake of nutritional supplements in pregnancy with an estimation of total micronutrient (diet and supplementary) intake.Design. An assessment of the nutritional status of infertile women and fertile, age‐matched non‐pregnant controls and a survey of the periconceptional intake of folic acid and other nutritional supplements.Materials and methods. Group 1: a 7‐day weighed diet diary and blood tests for magnesium, mineral and pyridoxine status were used to assess the nutritional status of six infertile women and 12 non‐pregnant, healthy, age‐matched controls. Group 2: the periconceptional dietary intake of folic acid and other nutritional supplements was estimated in 87 pregnant women attending midwife clinics, 36 women attending an assisted conception clinic and 7 women attending a self help group for lesbian pregnancy.Results. In the group of six infertile subjec...","PeriodicalId":88013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional & environmental medicine","volume":"17 1","pages":"12-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13590840801934355","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59780439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kerosene oil lung injury in adults in the Kashmir valley of Indian Subcontinent: Unusual modes of exposure","authors":"P. Koul, Hilal Ahmad, Muzaffar Ahmad, Su Shah, R. Jan","doi":"10.1080/13590840802448090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13590840802448090","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Four adult patients presented with fever and chest symptoms following accidental aspiration of kerosene oil while siphoning (n = 3) and use as an analgesic mouthwash (n = 1).Results. The patients developed clinical pneumonia with effusion and one patient developed empyema. All the patients were managed with antibiotics and routine measures with uneventful recovery.Conclusion. Sucking by mouth for siphoning the potential lung irritant needs to be seriously deprecated.","PeriodicalId":88013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional & environmental medicine","volume":"17 1","pages":"217-222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13590840802448090","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59780557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of a questionnaire to assess dietary habits among 5–13‐year old school children of farmers and anthroposophic families","authors":"K. Michels, M. Waser, E. Ary, H. Rosenlund, E. Mutius, J. Riedler, D. Schram, G. Pershagen, C. Braun‐Fahrländer","doi":"10.1080/13590840802302826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13590840802302826","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To evaluate dietary habits among 5–13‐year old school children of farmers, anthroposophic families and controls and to evaluate the validity of a food questionnaire as part of a lifestyle questionnaire of the PARSIFAL‐study.Methods. Food questionnaires were completed by the parents of the children. Validity was assessed with 24‐h recalls performed as telephone interviews with a parent accompanied by the child.Results. Dietary habits were assessed among 14 901 children. Farm children consumed most farm milk, dairy products made from farm milk and meat. Children from anthroposophic families consumed most fruits and vegetables, whole grain products and olive oil and least meat and margarine. Among 493 participants included in the validation study, validity of the food items studied was determined to be moderate‐to‐adequate.Conclusions. Dietary habits differ substantially among children of farmers and children from anthroposophic families. Validity of the diet questionnaire should be sufficiently a...","PeriodicalId":88013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional & environmental medicine","volume":"17 1","pages":"157-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13590840802302826","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59780828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The return of the Scarlet Pimpernel: cobalamin in inflammation II - cobalamins can both selectively promote all three nitric oxide synthases (NOS), particularly iNOS and eNOS, and, as needed, selectively inhibit iNOS and nNOS.","authors":"Carmen Wheatley","doi":"10.1080/10520290701791839","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10520290701791839","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The up-regulation of transcobalamins [hitherto posited as indicating a central need for cobalamin (Cbl) in inflammation], whose expression, like inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), is Sp1- and interferondependent, together with increased intracellular formation of glutathionylcobalamin (GSCbl), adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl), methylcobalamin (MeCbl), may be essential for the timely promotion and later selective inhibition of iNOS and concordant regulation of endothelial and neuronal NOS (eNOS/nNOS.) Cbl may ensure controlled high output of nitric oxide (NO) and its safe deployment, because: (1) Cbl is ultimately responsible for the synthesis or availability of the NOS substrates and cofactors heme, arginine, BH(4) flavin adenine dinucleotide/flavin mononucleotide (FAD/FMN) and NADPH, via the far-reaching effects of the two Cbl coenzymes, methionine synthase (MS) and methylmalonyl CoA mutase (MCoAM) in, or on, the folate, glutathione, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) and urea cycles, oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway. Deficiency of any of theNOS substrates and cofactors results in 'uncoupled' NOS reactions, decreasedNO production and increased or excessive O(2) (-), H(2)O(2), ONOO(-) and other reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitric oxide species (RNIS) leading to pathology. (2) Cbl is also the overlooked ultimate determinant of positive glutathione status, which favours the formation of more benign NO species, s-nitrosothiols, the predominant form in which NO is safely deployed. Cbl status may consequently act as a 'back-up disc' that ensures the active status of antioxidant systems, as well as reversing and modulating the effects of nitrosylation in cell signal transduction.New evidence shows that GSCbl can significantly promote iNOS/ eNOS NO synthesis in the early stages of inflammation, thus lowering high levels of tumour necrosis factor-a that normally result in pathology, while existing evidence shows that in extreme nitrosative and oxidative stress, GSCbl can regenerate the activity of enzymes important for eventual resolution, such as glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase, which ensures NADPH supply, lactate dehydrogenase, and more; with human clinical case studies of OHCbl for cyanide poisoning, suggesting Cbl may regenerate aconitase and cytochrome c oxidase in the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Thus, Cbl may simultaneously promote a strong inflammatory response and the means to resolve it.</p>","PeriodicalId":88013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional & environmental medicine","volume":"16 3-4","pages":"181-211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10520290701791839","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27713175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cobalamin in inflammation III - glutathionylcobalamin and methylcobalamin/adenosylcobalamin coenzymes: the sword in the stone? How cobalamin may directly regulate the nitric oxide synthases.","authors":"Carmen Wheatley","doi":"10.1080/13590840701791863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13590840701791863","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several mysteries surround the structure and function of the nitric oxide synthases (NOS). The NOS oxygenase domain structure is unusually open with a large area of solvent that could accommodate an unidentified ligand. The exact mechanism of the two-step five-electron monoxygenation of arginine to N(G)-hydroxy-L-arginine, thence to citrulline and nitric oxide (NO), is not clear, particularly as arginine/N(G)-hydroxy-L-arginine is bound at a great distance to the supposed catalytic heme Fe [III], as the anti-stereoisomer. The Return of the Scarlet Pimpernel Paper proposed that cobalamin is a primary indirect regulator of the NOS. An additional direct regulatory effect of the 'base-off' dimethylbenzimidazole of glutathionylcobalamin (GSCbl), which may act as a sixth ligand to the heme iron, promote Co-oriented, BH(4)/BH(3) radical catalysed oxidation of L-arginine to NO, and possibly regulate the rate of inducible NOS/NO production by the NOS dimers, is further advanced. The absence of homology between the NOS and methionine synthase/methylmalonyl CoA mutase may enable GSCbl to regulate both sets of enzymes simultaneously by completely separate mechanisms. Thus, cobalamin may exert central control over both pro-and anti-inflammatory systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":88013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional & environmental medicine","volume":"16 3-4","pages":"212-226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13590840701791863","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27794321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asthma risk factors in Desert Southwest of USA: Role of nutritional supplement, Pycnogenol® in therapy","authors":"R. Watson, P. Rohdewald, Graciela E. Silva","doi":"10.1080/13590840701324855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13590840701324855","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Desert environments have some unique causative agents that promote asthma. These include molds like Alternaria alternata and Dermatophagoides farinae, and Bermuda grass pollen. In addition, dietary supplements with antioxidant activities are being shown to reduce asthma symptoms with Pycnogenol being the example used.Design: Literature review.Materials and methods: This review was conducted by searching PubMed and other medical databases, as well as doing original research reviewed. It was presented at the meeting of the British Society for Ecological Medicine in London, June 2006.Results: Recent studies are defining the risk factors for asthma induction in children in the desert environment of Southwest USA. In particular, exposure to molds and pets, maternal smoking, and being overweight. Two recent studies have shown that Pycnogenol, a dietary supplement containing bioflavanoids with strong antioxidant activity, reduced asthma symptoms in adults and youths. There was evidence that the extract ...","PeriodicalId":88013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional & environmental medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":"33-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13590840701324855","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59779090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}