Annals of advances in automotive medicine. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine. Annual Scientific Conference最新文献

U.s. State and federal laws targeting distracted driving. 针对分心驾驶的美国州和联邦法律。

Annals of advances in automotive medicine. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine. Annual Scientific Conference Pub Date : 2014-01-01

J D Catherine Chase

{"title":"U.s. State and federal laws targeting distracted driving.","authors":"J D Catherine Chase","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Distracted driving has burgeoned with the proliferation of cell phones, global positioning systems and other in-vehicle and personal electronic devices. Annually more than 3,300 people are killed and an additional 400,000 are injured in the United States in distracted driving crashes. The United States (U.S.) federal and state governments have responded to this public health problem with policies and laws; however, a more comprehensive and more effective approach is still needed. Some restrictions on the use of electronic devices while driving by federal employees and some voluntary guidelines and recommendations have been issued. Public opinion polls show support for addressing the issue of distracted driving with state laws. The majority of states have laws banning text messaging while driving and prohibiting the use of an electronic device by teenage or novice drivers. Some states prohibit all drivers from using a hand-held cellphone. Currently no state has a total ban on the use of personal electronic devices while driving. Successful past traffic safety campaigns changing driver behavior have demonstrated the necessity to adopt a \"three Es\" approach of Enactment of a law, Education of the public about the law, and rigorous Enforcement of the law. Experience reveals that this approach, along with future federal regulation of in-vehicle electronic devices and the employment of technology to limit the use of electronic devices while driving, is needed to alter personal behavior in order to reduce distractions and keep drivers focused on the driving task. ","PeriodicalId":87875,"journal":{"name":"Annals of advances in automotive medicine. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine. Annual Scientific Conference","volume":"58 ","pages":"84-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4001667/pdf/009.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32298622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Distracted driving: What is the state of the science, and what are our knowledge gaps? 分心驾驶:科学的现状是什么?我们的知识差距是什么?

Annals of advances in automotive medicine. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine. Annual Scientific Conference Pub Date : 2014-01-01

Susan A Ferguson

引用次数: 0

Dynamics of Driver Distraction: The process of engaging and disengaging. 驾驶员分心的动力：驾驶员分心的过程

Annals of advances in automotive medicine. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine. Annual Scientific Conference Pub Date : 2014-01-01

John D Lee

{"title":"Dynamics of Driver Distraction: The process of engaging and disengaging.","authors":"John D Lee","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Driver distraction research has a long history, spanning nearly 50 years, but intensifying over the last decade. The dominant paradigm guiding this research defines distraction in terms of excessive workload and limited attentional resources. This approach largely ignores how drivers come to engage in these tasks and under what conditions they engage and disengage from driving-the dynamics of distraction. The dynamics of distraction identifies breakdowns of interruption management as an important contributor to distraction, leading to describe distraction in terms of failures of task timing, switching, and prioritization. The dynamics of distraction also identifies disengagement in driving (e.g., mind wandering) as a substantial challenge that secondary tasks might exacerbate or mitigate. Increasing vehicle automation accentuates the need to consider these dynamics of distraction. Automation offers drivers more opportunity to engage in distractions and disengage from driving, and can surprise drivers by unexpectedly requiring drivers to quickly re-engage in driving-placing greater importance of interruption management expertise. This review describes distraction in terms of breakdowns in interruption management and problems of engagement, and summarizes how contingency, conditioning, and consequence traps lead to problems of engaging and disengaging in driving and distractions. ","PeriodicalId":87875,"journal":{"name":"Annals of advances in automotive medicine. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine. Annual Scientific Conference","volume":"58 ","pages":"24-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4001670/pdf/003.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32297180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Special considerations in distracted driving with teens. 青少年分心驾驶的特别注意事项。

Annals of advances in automotive medicine. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine. Annual Scientific Conference Pub Date : 2014-01-01

Dennis R Durbin, Daniel V McGehee, Donald Fisher, Anne McCartt

引用次数: 0

Driver cellphone and texting bans in the United States: evidence of effectiveness. 美国司机手机和短信禁令:有效性的证据。

Annals of advances in automotive medicine. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine. Annual Scientific Conference Pub Date : 2014-01-01

Anne T McCartt, David G Kidd, Eric R Teoh

{"title":"Driver cellphone and texting bans in the United States: evidence of effectiveness.","authors":"Anne T McCartt, David G Kidd, Eric R Teoh","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Almost all U.S. states have laws limiting drivers' cellphone use. The evidence suggests that all-driver bans on hand-held phone conversations have resulted in long-term reductions in hand-held phone use, and drivers in ban states reported higher rates of hands-free phone use and lower overall phone use compared with drivers in non-ban states. Bans on all phone use by teenage drivers have not been shown to reduce their phone use. The effects of texting bans on the rates of drivers' texting are unknown. With regard to the effects of bans on crashes, 11 peer-reviewed papers or technical reports of all-driver hand-held phone bans and texting bans were reviewed. Some were single-state studies examining crash measures before and after a state ban; other national or multi-state studies compared crashes in states with and without bans over time. The results varied widely. The lack of appropriate controls and other challenges in conducting strong evaluations limited the findings of some studies. Thus, despite the proliferation of laws limiting drivers' cellphone use, it is unclear whether they are having the desired effects on safety. Priorities for future research are suggested. ","PeriodicalId":87875,"journal":{"name":"Annals of advances in automotive medicine. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine. Annual Scientific Conference","volume":"58 ","pages":"99-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4001674/pdf/008.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32298624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modeling situation awareness and crash risk. 情景感知和碰撞风险建模。

Annals of advances in automotive medicine. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine. Annual Scientific Conference Pub Date : 2014-01-01

Donald L Fisher, David L Strayer

{"title":"Modeling situation awareness and crash risk.","authors":"Donald L Fisher, David L Strayer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"In this article we develop a model of the relationship between crash risk and a driver's situation awareness. We consider a driver's situation awareness to reflect the dynamic mental model of the driving environment and to be dependent upon several psychological processes including Scanning the driving environment, Predicting and anticipating hazards, Identifying potential hazards in the driving scene as they occur, Deciding on an action, and Executing an appropriate Response (SPIDER). Together, SPIDER is important for establishing and maintaining good situation awareness of the driving environment and good situation awareness is important for coordinating and scheduling the SPIDER-relevant processes necessary for safe driving. An Order-of-Processing (OP) model makes explicit the SPIDER-relevant processes and how they predict the likelihood of a crash when the driver is or is not distracted by a secondary task. For example, the OP model shows how a small decrease in the likelihood of any particular SPIDER activity being completed successfully (because of a concurrent secondary task performance) would lead to a large increase in the relative risk of a crash. ","PeriodicalId":87875,"journal":{"name":"Annals of advances in automotive medicine. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine. Annual Scientific Conference","volume":"58 ","pages":"33-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4001668/pdf/004.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32297181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Estimates of prevalence and risk associated with inattention and distraction based upon in situ naturalistic data. 基于现场自然数据的注意力不集中和注意力分散的患病率和风险估计。

Annals of advances in automotive medicine. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine. Annual Scientific Conference Pub Date : 2014-01-01

Thomas A Dingus

{"title":"Estimates of prevalence and risk associated with inattention and distraction based upon in situ naturalistic data.","authors":"Thomas A Dingus","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"By using in situ naturalistic driving data, estimates of prevalence and risk can be made regarding driver populations' secondary task distractions and crash rates. Through metadata analysis, three populations of drivers (i.e., adult light vehicle, teenaged light vehicle, and adult heavy vehicle) were compared regarding frequency of secondary task behavior and the associated risk for safety-critical incidents. Relative risk estimates provide insight into the risk associated with engaging in a single task. When such risk is considered in combination with frequency of use, it sheds additional light on those secondary tasks that create the greatest overall risk to driving safety. The results show that secondary tasks involving manual typing, texting, dialing, reaching for an object, or reading are dangerous for all three populations. Additionally, novice teen drivers have difficulty in several tasks that the other two populations do not, including eating and external distractions. Truck drivers also perform a number of risky \"mobile office\" types of tasks, including writing, not seen in the other populations. Implications are described for policy makers and designers of in-vehicle and nomadic, portable systems. ","PeriodicalId":87875,"journal":{"name":"Annals of advances in automotive medicine. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine. Annual Scientific Conference","volume":"58 ","pages":"60-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4001675/pdf/006.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32297184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Visual and cognitive distraction metrics in the age of the smart phone: A basic review. 智能手机时代的视觉和认知分心指标:基本回顾。

Annals of advances in automotive medicine. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine. Annual Scientific Conference Pub Date : 2014-01-01

Daniel V McGehee

{"title":"Visual and cognitive distraction metrics in the age of the smart phone: A basic review.","authors":"Daniel V McGehee","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Sources of distraction are numerous and varied, and defining and measuring distraction and attention is complicated. The driving task requires constant adjustments and reallocation of attention to cognitive, motor, and visual processes. While it is fairly straightforward to measure distraction in an experimental situation (e.g., simulator, closed course), driver distraction in the real world is highly contextual. While no single metric is capable of capturing the complexities of distraction, several have proved useful in helping researchers gain fuller understanding of it. Few have reached a level of consensus among researchers and user interface designers. ISO and SAE may be considered the 'gold standard' for providing mechanisms through which open scientific consensus-based standards can be achieved.While there are a number of metrics used in predicting distraction, three have been studied closely and are going through the SAE and ISO standards process. They are (1) 'the occlusion method'; (2) the Lane Change Test (LCT); and (3) the Detection Response Task (DRT). The metrics described here apply generally to the experimental context where driving is tightly controlled. Like any method, there are limitations with each-and they don't necessarily agree with one another.Experimental methods and analyses are different than those in naturalistic driving (ND). ND relies more on data mining versus traditional experimental manipulation. ND data are a challenge precisely in that they lack experimental control.In future, driver metrics will go beyond specific measurement of task load, and will include how drivers self regulate when they choose to be distracted. ","PeriodicalId":87875,"journal":{"name":"Annals of advances in automotive medicine. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine. Annual Scientific Conference","volume":"58 ","pages":"15-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4001673/pdf/002.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32297179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An opportunity for convergence? Understanding the prevalence and risk of distracted driving through the use of crash databases, crash investigations, and other approaches. 趋同的机会?通过使用碰撞数据库、碰撞调查和其他方法，了解分心驾驶的普遍性和风险。

Annals of advances in automotive medicine. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine. Annual Scientific Conference Pub Date : 2014-01-01

Linda S Angell

引用次数: 0

Towards an understanding of driver inattention: taxonomy and theory. 对司机注意力不集中的理解:分类和理论。

Annals of advances in automotive medicine. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine. Annual Scientific Conference Pub Date : 2014-01-01

Michael A Regan, David L Strayer

{"title":"Towards an understanding of driver inattention: taxonomy and theory.","authors":"Michael A Regan, David L Strayer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"There is little agreement in the scientific literature about what the terms \"driver distraction\" and \"driver inattention\" mean, and what the relationship is between them. In 2011, Regan, Hallett and Gordon proposed a taxonomy of driver inattention in which driver distraction is conceptualized as just one of several processes that give rise to driver inattention. Since publication of that paper, two other papers have emerged that bear on the taxonomy. In one, the Regan et al taxonomy was used, for the first time, to classify data from an in-depth crash investigation in Australia. In the other, another taxonomy of driver inattention was proposed and described. In this paper we revisit the original taxonomy proposed by Regan et al. in light of these developments, and make recommendations for how the original taxonomy might be improved to make it more useful as a tool for classifying and coding crash and critical incident data. In addition, we attempt to characterize, theoretically, the processes within each category of the original taxonomy that are assumed to give rise to driver inattention. Recommendations are made for several lines of research: to further validate the original taxonomy; to understand the impact of each category of inattention in the taxonomy on driving performance, crash type and crash risk; and to revise and align with the original taxonomy existing crash and incident investigation protocols, so that they provide more comprehensive, reliable and consistent information regarding the contribution of inattention to crashes of all types. ","PeriodicalId":87875,"journal":{"name":"Annals of advances in automotive medicine. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine. Annual Scientific Conference","volume":"58 ","pages":"5-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4001671/pdf/001.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32298809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0