{"title":"Case-Control Studies to Evaluate the Effect of Mammographic Service Screening on Mortality from Breast Cancer","authors":"Stephen W. Duffy BSc, MSc, Cstat","doi":"10.1053/j.sembd.2007.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sembd.2007.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Evaluation of mammography service screening programs is a priority. The case-control study is an economic and rapid method of evaluation. It is, however, prone to biases. The potential biases and strategies for dealing with them are described, and a basic design of a case-control evaluation that can minimize the influence of these biases is proposed. Implications for international evaluation are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":87785,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in breast disease","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 61-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1053/j.sembd.2007.09.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57942330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Robin Yabroff PhD , Rachel Ballard-Barbash MD, MPH , Patricia Carney PhD , William Barlow PhD
{"title":"Evaluation of Mammography Performance in the United States: The Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium","authors":"K. Robin Yabroff PhD , Rachel Ballard-Barbash MD, MPH , Patricia Carney PhD , William Barlow PhD","doi":"10.1053/j.sembd.2007.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sembd.2007.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>The Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (BCSC) is a National Cancer Institute (NCI)-sponsored collaborative network of </span>mammography<span> registries with linkages to tumor registries and pathology data in the US. It was established in 1994 in response to a legislative mandate from the Mammography Quality Standards Act of 1992 to evaluate the performance of screening mammography in community practice and related breast cancer outcomes. As of May 2006, the BCSC has collected data for more than 2 million women and more than 6 million mammography exams. Approximately 74,000 breast cancers have been diagnosed. The size of the population-based BCSC database, the longitudinal nature of these data on screening and cancer diagnoses, and the multidisciplinary teams of investigators, including radiologists, primary care physicians, </span></span>pathologists, epidemiologists, health services researchers, and statisticians, make the BCSC a unique research resource. Investigators are encouraged to collaborate with the NCI-supported BCSC on research to improve understanding of breast cancer screening practices and related outcomes in the US.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":87785,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in breast disease","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 89-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1053/j.sembd.2007.09.006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57942311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction-The Evaluation of Service Screening","authors":"Robert A. Smith PhD (Guest Editor)","doi":"10.1053/j.sembd.2007.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sembd.2007.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87785,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in breast disease","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 57-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1053/j.sembd.2007.10.007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57942411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jacques Fracheboud MD, Johanna H. Groenewoud MD, PhD, Harry J. de Koning MD, PhD
{"title":"Fifteen Years of Population-Based Breast Cancer Screening in the Netherlands","authors":"Jacques Fracheboud MD, Johanna H. Groenewoud MD, PhD, Harry J. de Koning MD, PhD","doi":"10.1053/j.sembd.2007.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sembd.2007.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article describes the background, implementation, organization, and outcomes of the nationwide mammography<span> breast cancer screening program in the Netherlands. Since 1998, all Dutch women aged 50 to 75 years get a personal invitation for a mammography every 2 years. The main objective of the program that started in 1990 for women aged 50 to 69 is the reduction of breast cancer mortality by detecting and treating breast cancer in an early stage. Eighty percent of the invited women participate in the program. Some 1% of the screened women are referred for additional clinical assessment of suspect mammography lesions; in almost half of them, breast cancer eventually is confirmed. Breast cancer screening resulted in a temporary strong increase in in situ and small lymph node-negative invasive breast cancers and a concomitant decrease of advanced disease rates. In the same period, the proportion of mastectomies decreased in favor of a rise of breast conserving surgical treatment. Since 1997, breast cancer mortality has decreased significantly and has reached a 25% lower level 15 years after the start of the nationwide screening program. Undoubtedly, the screening program contributed to this decline, together with improved breast cancer treatment.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":87785,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in breast disease","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 72-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1053/j.sembd.2007.09.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57942088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intraoperative Radiotherapy Following Lumpectomy for Breast Cancer","authors":"Frederick M. Dirbas , Kathleen C. Horst","doi":"10.1053/j.sembd.2007.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sembd.2007.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Intraoperative radiotherapy<span> (IORT) is a promising approach for delivering accelerated, partial breast irradiation (APBI). Condensing the entire therapeutic dose into a single fraction, delivering the treatment at the time of </span></span>lumpectomy in the operating room, and with the ability to spare normal surrounding tissue to a greater extent than perhaps any other form of APBI, IORT offers many potential benefits. Whether a single fraction is able to provide effective local control, and whether long term tissue tolerance to a large single dose is acceptable, are the greatest concerns for this approach. Breast IORT trials conducted thus far are encouraging. This review will first describe the </span>clinical trials that provided the groundwork for single-fraction breast IORT, and will then summarize ongoing phase I/II and phase III clinical trials evaluating this potentially safe and effective form of APBI.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":87785,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in breast disease","volume":"10 1","pages":"Pages 26-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1053/j.sembd.2007.08.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57941520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Case For Treating Partial Breast Over Five Days","authors":"Rakesh R. Patel MD","doi":"10.1053/j.sembd.2007.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sembd.2007.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Over the past couple decades, the integration of screening mammography<span> has resulted in earlier detection of breast cancer patients. For favorable early stage patients, studies have shown that breast conserving therapy with lumpectomy<span> followed by whole breast radiation is equivalent to mastectomy. Due to the logistical challenges of an extended six-week whole breast radiation course, the concept of treating only the portion of the breast at greatest risk of recurrence following lumpectomy has been increasingly investigated. This notion is nested in the fact that the vast majority of recurrences following surgery occur in the peri-lumpectomy region (not in other regions of the breast) and thus a more limited volume may suffice in appropriately selected patients. The reduction of normal tissues that receive high-dose radiation allows an increased daily dose to be safely delivered, thereby allowing shortening the overall </span></span></span>treatment time to<span><span> one week. This treatment algorithm has been coined </span>accelerated partial breast irradiation or APBI and is the context of this review article.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":87785,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in breast disease","volume":"10 1","pages":"Pages 9-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1053/j.sembd.2007.04.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57941814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Partial Breast Irradiation Techniques with a Clinical and Dosimetric Comparison of Balloon vs. Interstitial Brachytherapy vs. 3D-Conformal Technique","authors":"R.K. Das PhD, Coral A. Quiet MD","doi":"10.1053/j.sembd.2007.04.006","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sembd.2007.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Accelerated partial breast irradiation as the sole radiation modality following </span>lumpectomy has shown promising results for select breast cancer patients. </span>Brachytherapy<span><span>, as the method of delivery, required a large volume implant with catheters placed in and around the seroma cavity and was technically challenging. </span>Image guided brachytherapy<span> implants followed by image assisted 3D dosimetry<span> planning has made the process more accurate. Due to its enormous demand of skill, time and physics resources, physician acceptance remained low. Development of Mammosite balloon has simplified both the implant procedure and the dosimetry planning. Recently, the development of an external beam technique that would mimic brachytherapy techniques has been developed. Since most radiation therapy clinics have a CT scanner, physics planning software and linear accelerator necessary to perform 3D conformal accelerated radiation, external beam modality of delivering radiation has become the obvious choice. This chapter reviews these three techniques and the rationale and dosimetric outcomes are highlighted in this review.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":87785,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in breast disease","volume":"10 1","pages":"Pages 20-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1053/j.sembd.2007.04.006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57941478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deborah J. Pallett MS Ed, PA-C, MPAS, Robert R. Kuske MD, Coral A. Quiet MD, Amanda Brown RN, BSN
{"title":"Infection Management in Patients Treated with Breast Brachytherapy","authors":"Deborah J. Pallett MS Ed, PA-C, MPAS, Robert R. Kuske MD, Coral A. Quiet MD, Amanda Brown RN, BSN","doi":"10.1053/j.sembd.2007.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sembd.2007.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Prevention or treatment of infection is an important aspect in the management of patients treated with catheter based </span>brachytherapy<span>. There is little in the published data to serve as a guide. In our practice prophylactic oral antibiotics are only utilized when there is a high risk of infection such as with multiple reinsertions. At the earliest sign of potential infection patients are typically placed on an antibiotic that provides good coverage of streptococcal and staphylococcal species. Infection rates are likely to be lower with meticulous care of the catheters during treatment and placement of catheters post operatively rather than at the time of lumpectomy. Some practitioners advocate for routine prophylaxis yet it remains unclear whether or not the infection rates with breast brachytherapy are high enough to warrant prophylactic antibiotics in all patients and, if so, whether prophylaxis is efficacious in reducing the rate of brachytherapy-related infection.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":87785,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in breast disease","volume":"10 1","pages":"Pages 34-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1053/j.sembd.2007.04.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57941395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Surgical Preparation for Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation","authors":"Victor J. Zannis MD , Mark A. Gittleman MD","doi":"10.1053/j.sembd.2007.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sembd.2007.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) techniques include interstitial multi-plane catheter applications, the utilization of </span>lumpectomy<span><span> cavity indwelling devices, and ultra-focused external beam radiation (either three-dimensional conformal or intraoperative delivery). The importance of the breast surgeon’s role in APBI varies with the radiation application mode that is used, with the surgeon being instrumental in the delivery of both lumpectomy cavity indwelling device-based therapy and intraoperative irradiation, but minimally involved in the applications of multicatheter interstitial and three-dimensional conformal techniques. Surgical techniques and principals have evolved during recent experiences with APBI, and these are described in this review. By partnering with </span>radiation oncology colleagues during APBI, surgeons optimize the success of this style of irradiation and improve the outcomes of therapy for women with breast cancer.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":87785,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in breast disease","volume":"10 1","pages":"Pages 14-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1053/j.sembd.2007.04.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57941834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Breast Brachytherapy and Breast Augmentation: Breast Conservation without Capsular Contracture","authors":"Robert R. Kuske MD, FAACE , Rakesh Patel MD","doi":"10.1053/j.sembd.2007.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sembd.2007.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Capsular contracture<span><span> is a significant risk (∼55%) for women receiving whole breast irradiation<span> as part of breast conservation therapy for breast cancer in the presence of </span></span>augmentation mammoplasty<span><span><span>. Fear of this complication leads approximately half of augmented women to have mastectomy for early stage breast cancers despite a high personal priority on appearance. Breast </span>brachytherapy<span> exposes only a tiny fraction of the surface area of the implant to radiation, and has the potential to markedly reduce or eliminate capsular contracture as an issue in these women. Catheter insertion techniques that reliably cover the target volume while preventing inadvertent implant puncture are described. Radiation dose to skin, uninvolved breast, ribs, lung, heart, and the silicone or saline implant is minimized. Our fifteen year experience of partial breast irradiation in augmented women demonstrates excellent tumor control, </span></span>cosmesis, and </span></span></span>quality of life<span>. If the clinical outcomes continue to remain favorable, breast brachy may become the breast-conserving treatment of choice for breast cancer patients with augmentation.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":87785,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in breast disease","volume":"10 1","pages":"Pages 42-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1053/j.sembd.2007.08.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57941543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}