Ivan Lyutin, Grigory Kantin, Olga Bakulina, Dmitry Dar'in
{"title":"Rh(III)-catalyzed chelation-assisted C-H activation/annulation of 2-arylimidazolines with cyclic diazo-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds: a novel approach to tetracyclic annulated derivatives of 2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-<i>a</i>]isoquinoline.","authors":"Ivan Lyutin, Grigory Kantin, Olga Bakulina, Dmitry Dar'in","doi":"10.3762/bjoc.22.78","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjoc.22.78","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>2-Arylimidazolines were annulated with cyclic diazo-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds under Rh(III)-catalysis for the first time. The developed general and efficient approach based on CH-activation allowed the efficient preparation of five novel types of tetraheterocyclic systems derived from 2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-<i>a</i>]isoquinolines fused with an additional five-, six- or seven-membered carbocycle or <i>N</i>-/<i>O</i>-heterocycle.</p>","PeriodicalId":8756,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"22 ","pages":"997-1003"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13338596/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148403210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julian Link, Albin Lahu, Manfred Wagner, Tanja Weil, David Y W Ng
{"title":"The role of spacer length and flexibility in peptide self-assembly.","authors":"Julian Link, Albin Lahu, Manfred Wagner, Tanja Weil, David Y W Ng","doi":"10.3762/bjoc.22.77","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjoc.22.77","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spacer length is a key molecular parameter governing the self-assembly of short peptides. Here, we investigate isoleucine-cysteine-alanine (ICA) tripeptides containing carbon spacers of 6, 3, or 0 methylene units linking the peptide backbone to a hydrophobic naphthalene (Nap) π-block. Using complementary spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, we show that spacer length controls the balance between conformational flexibility and directional non-covalent interactions, thereby dictating assembly pathways and material properties. The results establish a correlation between spacer length and assembly propensity, with the longest spacer (C<sub>6</sub>) consistently promoting aggregation more effectively than the intermediate analogue (C<sub>3</sub>), whereas peptides containing the rigid C<sub>0</sub>-spacer fail to develop ordered nanostructures. These findings identify spacer length as a powerful design parameter for tuning peptide self-assembly across multiple length scales.</p>","PeriodicalId":8756,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"22 ","pages":"986-996"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13313022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148350481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Veronica Iuliano, Carmen Talotta, Margherita De Rosa, Paolo Della Sala, Konrad Tiefenbacher, Pablo Ballester, Carmine Gaeta
{"title":"Novel macrocycles: from synthesis to supramolecular function.","authors":"Veronica Iuliano, Carmen Talotta, Margherita De Rosa, Paolo Della Sala, Konrad Tiefenbacher, Pablo Ballester, Carmine Gaeta","doi":"10.3762/bjoc.22.76","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjoc.22.76","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8756,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"22 ","pages":"982-985"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13313017/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148350494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Geon Kang, Minki Jeon, Pooja Kumari Jat, Cheoljae Kim, Isaac Choi
{"title":"Electrochemical reduction of unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds via 3d transition-metal catalysis.","authors":"Geon Kang, Minki Jeon, Pooja Kumari Jat, Cheoljae Kim, Isaac Choi","doi":"10.3762/bjoc.22.75","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjoc.22.75","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electrochemical reduction has emerged as a powerful alternative to conventional hydrogenation for unsaturated C-C bonds, enabling precise control without molecular hydrogen or stoichiometric reductants. This review summarizes recent advances in iron-, cobalt-, and nickel-catalyzed electroreduction of alkynes and alkenes, highlighting how electrochemical parameters and catalyst design unlock distinct, controllable reaction manifolds that are inaccessible under thermochemical conditions. These developments position 3d metal electrocatalysis as a versatile and programmable platform for selective hydrogenation and isotopic labeling under mild, sustainable conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8756,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"22 ","pages":"955-981"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13284754/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148306794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mark M Gulman, Yurii I Glazachev, Sergey A Dobrynin
{"title":"Synthesis of sterically shielded piperidine nitroxides via acid-catalyzed heterocyclization of β-aminoketone derivatives with ketones.","authors":"Mark M Gulman, Yurii I Glazachev, Sergey A Dobrynin","doi":"10.3762/bjoc.22.74","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjoc.22.74","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The capabilities of modern methods for the synthesis of sterically shielded piperidine nitroxides with acyclic substituents are largely limited to symmetrical tetraethyl structures and do not allow the introduction of functional groups into position 2. We propose an alternative approach that allows for the variation of substituents adjacent to the nitroxyl group, which significantly expands the potential of sterically hindered nitroxides for promising applications in materials science and structural biology. The new heterocyclization strategy implies the construction of a 2,2,6-trisubstituted piperidine scaffold from β-aminoketone acetals and dialkyl ketones under acid catalysis. The resulting amines were oxidized to the corresponding ketonitrones and subsequent reaction with moderately basic organometallic reagents, such as 2-alkynyl- and 2-allylmagnesium halides, enables the facile introduction of diverse substituents, including those with functional groups. If necessary, the multiple carbon-carbon bonds in the side chain can be subjected to hydrogenation to give saturated alkyl or functionalized alkyl groups. The study of reduction kinetics for alkyl and allyl-substituted piperidine nitroxides in ascorbate/glutathione media (30% EtOH, pH 7.5) yielded second-order rate constants of ≈10<sup>-2</sup> M<sup>-1</sup>·s<sup>-1</sup>, which is close to that earlier reported for 2,2,6,6-tetraethylpiperidine (TEEPONE).</p>","PeriodicalId":8756,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"22 ","pages":"948-954"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13284749/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148306585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent advances in copper-catalyzed direct hydroamination of alkenes with (hetero)aromatic amines.","authors":"Hyejeong Lee, Yunmi Lee","doi":"10.3762/bjoc.22.73","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjoc.22.73","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nitrogen-containing aromatic amines and aza-heterocycles are ubiquitous motifs in pharmaceuticals and functional materials, making efficient C-N bond formation a fundamental transformation in synthetic chemistry. The direct hydroamination of alkenes using (hetero)aromatic N-H nucleophiles offers an atom- and step-economical strategy; however, the reduced nucleophilicity and distinct coordination behavior of these substrates render such transformations inherently challenging. Recently, copper catalysis has emerged as a versatile and practical platform for addressing these limitations. Owing to its redox flexibility and ligand tunability, copper facilitates multiple activation modes, including copper-amido-mediated nucleophilic addition or aminocupration, Lewis acid-type alkene activation, and radical-mediated pathways. These complementary mechanisms provide access to diverse alkene classes with control over regioselectivity (Markovnikov vs anti-Markovnikov addition), stereoselectivity, and functional group tolerance. This review summarizes recent advances in the copper-catalyzed hydroamination of alkenes with (hetero)aromatic N-H nucleophiles, emphasizing the mechanistic paradigms and the factors governing selectivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8756,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"22 ","pages":"925-947"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13267513/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148263096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A practical CO<sub>2</sub>-mediated synthesis of 5,6-carboxylated silicon-rhodamines for targeted probe development.","authors":"Dongjie Hou, Shaowei Wu, Ning Xu, Pengjun Bao, Wenhao Jia, Qinglong Qiao, Zhaochao Xu","doi":"10.3762/bjoc.22.72","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjoc.22.72","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Silicon-rhodamine (SiR) dyes are among the most important fluorophores for super-resolution imaging owing to their far-red emission, high photostability, and tunable lactone-zwitterion equilibrium. However, their broader application in targeted probe development has been limited by the challenging synthesis of 5,6-carboxylated SiR derivatives, which are essential intermediates for bioconjugation. Here, we report a practical CO<sub>2</sub>-mediated strategy for the synthesis of 5,6-carboxylated SiRs from brominated SiR precursors via lithium-halogen exchange and direct carboxylation. Using <i>n</i>-BuLi and readily available CO<sub>2</sub>, this method delivers carboxylated SiR derivatives in 60-93% yields while avoiding the use of <i>t</i>-BuLi, toxic CO, and expensive palladium catalysts. In addition, the crude carboxylation mixtures can be directly subjected to amide coupling without chromatographic purification, enabling one-pot access to HaloTag-targeted SiR probes. The resulting probes were successfully applied to long-term live-cell super-resolution imaging, allowing visualization of filopodial dynamics and mitochondrial remodeling. This work establishes a concise and efficient route to functionalized SiR dyes and facilitates the rapid development of targeted SiR probes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8756,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"22 ","pages":"915-924"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13267498/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148263084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Timur O Zanakhov, Ekaterina E Galenko, Mikhail S Novikov, Alexander F Khlebnikov
{"title":"Cascade transformation of 2-(diazoacetyl)-2<i>H</i>-azirines to 2-aroyl-3-hydroxy-1<i>H</i>-pyrroles via condensation with aromatic aldehydes.","authors":"Timur O Zanakhov, Ekaterina E Galenko, Mikhail S Novikov, Alexander F Khlebnikov","doi":"10.3762/bjoc.22.70","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjoc.22.70","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Cs<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>-induced condensation of 2-(diazoacetyl)-2<i>H</i>-azirines with aromatic aldehydes does not result in the formation of an azirinyl-substituted β-hydroxy-α-diazocarbonyl compound, but is accompanied by a tandem intramolecular cyclization involving the hydroxy group and the C=N bond of the azirine to form a bicyclic intermediate, a 4-diazo-2-oxa-7-azabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-5-one derivative. The acid-catalyzed transformation of which leads to 2-aroyl-3-hydroxy-1<i>H</i>-pyrroles.</p>","PeriodicalId":8756,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"22 ","pages":"897-904"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13267485/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148263080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Palladium-catalyzed benzocyclization reactions of quinoline-2-carboxamides via sequential C-H/N-H functionalization.","authors":"Shoichi Sugita, Kentaro Okano, Atsunori Mori","doi":"10.3762/bjoc.22.71","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjoc.22.71","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A novel benzocyclization protocol has been developed for the synthesis of quinoline-fused lactams by palladium-catalyzed sequential C-H/N-H functionalization of quinoline-2-carboxamides and 1,2-dihaloarenes. The reaction proceeds at the C-H bond on the quinoline adjacent to the amide group and at the amide N-H bond in the presence of 10 mol % Pd(OAc)<sub>2</sub> in <i>o</i>-xylene as a solvent to afford the cyclized product in 34% yield. The yield increases to 81% when the reaction is carried out with 80 mol % P(4-MeOC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> as a ligand and with an increased catalyst loading of 20 mol %. The reaction affords lactams in up to 83% yield using amides containing various functional groups and substituted 1-bromo-2-iodobenzenes. Furthermore, 1,2-dibromo heteroarenes, such as benzothiophene and pyridine, undergo annulation to give the corresponding heterocycle-fused compounds. The high chemoselectivity of the 1,2-dihaloarene functional groups is confirmed in this reaction, thus enabling divergent synthesis of various multifused heterocyclic systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":8756,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"22 ","pages":"905-914"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13267496/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148263017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ya Bai, Xue-Ying Wang, Si-Kai Zhu, Yan-Ting Shen, Sheng-Yong Zhang, Ping-An Wang
{"title":"Chiral cyclopropenimine-catalyzed enantioselective Michael reactions of phenol and benzofuran-derived α,β-unsaturated pyrazolamides with benzophenone-imine of glycine esters.","authors":"Ya Bai, Xue-Ying Wang, Si-Kai Zhu, Yan-Ting Shen, Sheng-Yong Zhang, Ping-An Wang","doi":"10.3762/bjoc.22.69","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjoc.22.69","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The enantioselective Michael reactions of benzophenone-imine of glycine esters with phenol- and benzofuran-derived α,β-unsaturated pyrazolamides have been realized by using a chiral cyclopropenimine (Lambert catalyst, <b>CSB-1</b>) as an organocatalyst. In the presence of 20 mol % <b>CSB-1</b>, the Michael adducts were obtained in up to 85% yield and 98% ee under mild conditions. The configurations of these Michael products were deduced by X-ray single crystal diffraction of a pyroglutamic acid ester containing two adjacent stereocenters, which was obtained from in-situ acidic hydrolysis and lactamization of the corresponding Michael product.</p>","PeriodicalId":8756,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"22 ","pages":"888-896"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13267487/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148263077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}