Journal of the cardiometabolic syndrome最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of the Appropriate Diagnostic Threshold of Waist Circumference for the Cardiometabolic Syndrome in Chinese Uygur Adults","authors":"Qingli Lu MD, Zijing Xie BD, Hongwu Zhang MD, Jun Ren MD, PhD","doi":"10.1111/j.1559-4572.2008.00045.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1559-4572.2008.00045.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the cardiometabolic syndrome","volume":"4 2","pages":"120-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1559-4572.2008.00045.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28312500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening Guidelines for Coronary Heart Disease in Diabetes: Current Recommendations","authors":"Sarabjeet Singh MD,&nbsp;Jasleen Duggal MD,&nbsp;Natalia Khosla MD,&nbsp;Rohit Arora MD","doi":"10.1111/j.1559-4572.2008.00040.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1559-4572.2008.00040.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Diabetes and cardiovascular disease are so intertwined with one another that the presence of one prompts a search for the other. Diabetes has been considered to be equivalent to coronary heart disease (CHD), and conversely many patients with known CHD have concomitant diabetes or its pre-states. This review has been compiled based on the guidelines of the American Diabetes Association, the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP ATP III), the European Society of Cardiology, and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. A systematic approach was developed by the European Society of Cardiology and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes recently to help detect CHD in patients with diabetes and to detect metabolic diseases in patients with CHD.This article is intended for the clinician in everyday practice focusing on the impact of recent advances in the prevention and management of CHD in diabetic patients and the background behind it.</p>","PeriodicalId":87477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the cardiometabolic syndrome","volume":"4 2","pages":"107-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1559-4572.2008.00040.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28312498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Central Obesity and Insulin Resistance in the Cardiometabolic Syndrome: Pathways to Preclinical Cardiovascular Structure and Function","authors":"Johanna R. Klaus PhD,&nbsp;Barry E. Hurwitz PhD,&nbsp;Maria M. Llabre PhD,&nbsp; Jay S. Skyler MD,&nbsp;Ronald B. Goldberg MD,&nbsp;Jennifer B. Marks MD,&nbsp; Martin S. Bilsker MD,&nbsp;Neil Schneiderman PhD","doi":"10.1111/j.1559-4572.2008.00038.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1559-4572.2008.00038.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) has been an organizing conceptual framework for subclinical cardiovascular pathophysiology. Using cross-sectional data from 338 healthy men and women aged 18 to 55 years, the study examined the role of central adiposity and insulin sensitivity and assessed potential relationships with other metabolic indices (insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, fibrinolysis, lipidemia, endothelial function, and inflammation) and measures of cardiac structure and function (cardiac mass, compliance and contractility, myocardial oxygen demand, and blood pressure). Structural equation modeling analyses, which controlled for sex, age, and race, demonstrated good fit to the data. The derived relationships provided a physiologically consistent model of CMS, with an initiating role for central adiposity and insulin resistance. The model accounted for 30% and 82% of the variance in diastolic blood pressure and myocardial oxygen demand, respectively. The findings suggest predominant pathways through which subclinical metabolic processes may exert pathogenic impact on the heart and vasculature.</p>","PeriodicalId":87477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the cardiometabolic syndrome","volume":"4 2","pages":"63-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1559-4572.2008.00038.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28314173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea Is Highly Prevalent and Correlates With Impaired Glycemic Control in Consecutive Patients With the Metabolic Syndrome","authors":"Luciano F. Drager MD,&nbsp;Eduardo L. Queiroz MD,&nbsp;Heno F. Lopes MD, PhD,&nbsp;Pedro R. Genta MD,&nbsp;Eduardo M. Krieger MD, PhD,&nbsp;Geraldo Lorenzi-Filho MD, PhD","doi":"10.1111/j.1559-4572.2008.00046.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1559-4572.2008.00046.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the metabolic syndrome (MS) are independently associated with increased cardiovascular risk. The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of OSA among consecutive patients with MS and to determine whether OSA is associated with impaired glycemic control. Fifty consecutive patients with a recent diagnosis of MS and no previous diagnosis of OSA underwent a polysomnography and anthropometric and laboratory measurements. The prevalence of OSA (apnea-hypopnea index ≥15 events per hour of sleep) was 68% and in the same range of all other individual components of MS. Moreover, OSA was associated with increased levels of glucose (<i>P</i>=.03) and glycosylated hemoglobin (<i>P</i>=.03) but not with body mass index (<i>P</i>=.30). Glycosylated hemoglobin was independently associated with glucose (<i>P</i>&lt;.001) and apnea-hypopnea index (<i>P</i>=.03). The prevalence of OSA is in the same range as all the individual components of MS and is independently associated with impaired glycemic control.</p>","PeriodicalId":87477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the cardiometabolic syndrome","volume":"4 2","pages":"89-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1559-4572.2008.00046.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28312495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resveratrol: Biologic and Therapeutic Implications","authors":"Sarfaraz Sadruddin BSE,&nbsp;Rohit Arora MD","doi":"10.1111/j.1559-4572.2008.00039.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1559-4572.2008.00039.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Resveratrol (3,4′,5 trihydroxystilbene), a naturally-occurring molecule known as a phytoalexin, is synthesized by plants in response to attacks by fungi, bacteria, or other injurious substances; it is also known to possess an array of cardioprotective effects. Recently, studies have shown resveratrol to protect against the metabolic changes associated with hypercaloric diets in mice with induced insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. Despite impressive gains in diagnosis and treatment, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a serious clinical problem and threat to public health. The metabolic syndrome, which identifies persons at higher risk for diabetes mellitus and CVD, is approaching a prevalence of nearly 25% of the western world. If the metabolic syndrome can be considered a polar opposite to caloric restriction, then agents that mimic caloric restriction may offer a new therapeutic approach to preventing CVD. The authors discuss the cardioprotective effects of resveratrol and highlight its role in glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism in mice. Armed with the ability to prevent the deleterious effects of excess caloric intake and prevent detrimental cardiovascular events, resveratrol merits proper clinical investigations for its efficacy in treating metabolic diseases and CVD.</p>","PeriodicalId":87477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the cardiometabolic syndrome","volume":"4 2","pages":"102-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1559-4572.2008.00039.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28312497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When the Heart and the Mind Collide: Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Antipsychotic Use in the Schizophrenic Population","authors":"Sari Halpert MD,&nbsp;Samy I. McFarlane MD, MPH","doi":"10.1111/j.1559-4572.2008.00049.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1559-4572.2008.00049.x","url":null,"abstract":"From Thorazine to Abilify: The Role of Pharmacotherapy in the Treatment of Schizophrenia For millions of people, 1954 was the year voices stopped. It was during this year that the pharmaceutical company Smith Kline & French (known today as GlaxoSmithKline) began US distribution of the first antipsychotic, chlorpromazine, better known by its trade name, Thorazine. For many, chlorpromazine was a wonder drug—a quick fix for the debilitating and frightening symptoms of schizophrenia. Indeed, more than 100 million patients were treated with chlorpromazine and other drugs in the phenothiazine class before these drugs fell out of favor due to their pronounced adverse effects. These adverse effects, often referred to as extrapyramidal symptoms (EPSs), included movement abnormalities, ranging from mild tremor to severe involuntary facial grimacing and eye rolling, and tardive dyskinesia. Chlorpromazine and other similar drugs that played on the subtleties of the dopaminergic system, are now known as firstgeneration, or typical, antipsychotics. This nomenclature came into use in the decades that followed with the introduction of novel antipsychotic drugs, known as atypicals, that tinkered not only with dopamine but with its sister neurotransmitter, serotonin, in what seemed to be a successful effort to avoid the untoward effects of the earlier drugs. Clozapine, the first of these atypical or second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs), was used in Europe as early as the mid 1970s. While it was initially welcomed as an alternative to the EPSinducing typicals, reports of fatal agranulocytosis associated with its use quickly dampened this initial excitement. Ultimately, clozapine was approved in the United States, but not until 1989 and with the US Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA’s) stipulation that it be used only to treat ‘‘refractory schizophrenia’’ (for which it had been shown to be particularly efficacious). Clozapine aside, the true heyday of the atypicals began in the mid 1990s with the introduction of olanzapine. Olanzapine and other atypical antipsychotics like quetiapine, aripiprazole, risperidone, and ziprasidone, now in widespread use, have transformed the pharmacotherapy of schizophrenic patients. But at what cost? In recent years, this question has received a lot of attention. Both in the lay press and in the medical literature, one theme has emerged as dominant: The patient population using these drugs has been shown to have abnormally high rates of obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease (CVD).","PeriodicalId":87477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the cardiometabolic syndrome","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1559-4572.2008.00049.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28008105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison Between Turkish Cardiovascular Risk Platform and United States National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III Definitions of the Metabolic Syndrome in Turkish Adults","authors":"Ahmet Selçuk Can MD,&nbsp;Sinan Özbayrakçı MD,&nbsp;K. Erhan Palaoğlu PhD,&nbsp;Thomas P Bersot MD, PhD","doi":"10.1111/j.1559-4572.2008.00032.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1559-4572.2008.00032.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Turkish Cardiovascular Risk Platform (TCRP) calls for the diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome (MS) if insulin resistance, impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, or diabetes mellitus and ≥2 other established criteria are present. TCRP defines insulin resistance as a homeostasis model assessment &gt;2.7. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare TCRP guidelines with the United States National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP) definition of MS in Turkish adults (N=1690). The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of MS was 25% with the TCRP and 40% for the NCEP definition. Patients with MS identified by the NCEP definition but not by the TCRP definition had lower body mass index and less insulin resistance, but had a similarly adverse cardiovascular risk factor profile to those with TCRP-identified MS, with high blood pressure, waist circumference, triglycerides, and total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio. Other national health organizations should avoid using homeostasis model assessment as a prerequisite for diagnosing MS. Modification of the NCEP definition would be more appropriate for ethnic groups with different body sizes.</p>","PeriodicalId":87477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the cardiometabolic syndrome","volume":"4 1","pages":"26-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1559-4572.2008.00032.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28008109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insulin Resistance and the Cardiometabolic Syndrome in HIV Infection","authors":"Maurizio Bevilacqua MD,&nbsp;Ligia J. Dominguez MD,&nbsp;Mario Barbagallo MD, PhD","doi":"10.1111/j.1559-4572.2008.00027.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1559-4572.2008.00027.x","url":null,"abstract":"Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has dramatically improved the prognosis of HIV-positive patients. However, long-term adverse effects of this therapy include dyslipidemia, insulin resistance (IR), changes in body fat distribution (lipodystrophy), and cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS). IR in HIV-positive patients does not seem to represent a significant independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease; nevertheless, the association with other metabolic complications (dyslipidemia, fat redistribution) and CMS may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The use of nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors is associated with the development of upper trunk and visceral fat accumulation and may cause IR. The progression of IR toward diabetes may be impeded with the choice of HAART regimens with less IR effects and encouraging patients to adhere to a healthy lifestyle. For patients with marked IR but relatively preserved fat, the use of metformin may consent the improvement of CMS and lipodystrophy, especially when combined with an appropriate exercise program. Therapy with rosiglitazone is not indicated in these patients.","PeriodicalId":87477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the cardiometabolic syndrome","volume":"4 1","pages":"40-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1559-4572.2008.00027.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28008532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measures of Coronary Artery Calcification and Association With the Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes","authors":"Uzoma N. Ibebuogu MD,&nbsp;Naser Ahmadi MD,&nbsp;Fereshteh Hajsadeghi MD,&nbsp;Jessica Ramirez BS,&nbsp;Ferdinand Flores BS,&nbsp;Emily Young BS,&nbsp;Ambarish Gopal MD,&nbsp;Nathan D. Wong PhD,&nbsp;Matthew J. Budoff MD","doi":"10.1111/j.1559-4572.2008.00028.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1559-4572.2008.00028.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The authors compared the metabolic syndrome status and Framingham 10-year coronary heart disease risk score (FRS) with the coronary artery calcification (CAC) in subclinical atherosclerosis. In all, 356 consecutive patients who underwent coronary artery calcium scanning were studied. Participants’ metabolic syndrome status (by National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III [NCEP ATP III] guidelines) and FRS were measured. The association between the metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus (DM), FRS, and CAC was analyzed by multivariable logistic regression analyses. These analyses were adjusted for demographics, age, sex, and conventional cardiovascular risk factors. The prevalence of significant CAC (CAC score ≥100) in those with DM, the metabolic syndrome, and neither condition was 64%, 43%, and 24%, respectively. The receiver operating characteristic C statistic for the prediction of significant CAC by the NCEP ATP III criteria for FRS, the metabolic syndrome, and DM was 0.61, 0.67, and 0.72, respectively, and increased significantly to 0.78 and 0.90 respectively for the metabolic syndrome and DM when added to the prediction models (P<i>&lt;</i>.0001). This study suggests that the metabolic syndrome and DM are associated with increased risk of subclinical atherosclerosis. In addition, the presence of the metabolic syndrome or DM with increased FRS has incremental value over the FRS, DM, or the metabolic syndrome alone in predicting significant CAC.</p>","PeriodicalId":87477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the cardiometabolic syndrome","volume":"4 1","pages":"6-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1559-4572.2008.00028.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28008106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statin Pleiotropy Against Renal Injury","authors":"Michael S. Kostapanos MD,&nbsp;Evangelos N. Liberopoulos MD,&nbsp;Moses S. Elisaf MD","doi":"10.1111/j.1559-4572.2008.00052.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1559-4572.2008.00052.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Statins may exhibit significant renoprotective effects beyond their lipid-lowering capacity. Herein, the authors review data from human and animal models of renal disease as well as from studies in cultured renal cells with regard to extralipid renoprotective properties of statins. Statins may exert lipid-independent benefits against renal injury in experimental states of chronic or acute renal function impairment. These include diabetic and hypertensive glomerulosclerosis, autoimmune glomerulonephritis, ischemia/reperfusion-induced renal damage, and unilateral ureteral obstructive nephropathy. Also, statins, by reducing the synthesis of mevalonate products, inhibit the activation of Rho and Ras guanosine triphosphatases that may influence various signaling pathways involving renal inflammatory, fibrogenic, proliferative, and cell-death responses. Therefore, statins exert anti-inflammatory actions in renal tissue, prevent renal scarring, and diminish mesangial or other kidney cell–type proliferation while promoting mesangial cell apoptosis. Renal antioxidant effects with consequent endothelial function regulation of renal vasculature following statin treatment may also account for pleiotropic protection against renal injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":87477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the cardiometabolic syndrome","volume":"4 1","pages":"E4-E9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1559-4572.2008.00052.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28008104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}