Behavioural Processes最新文献

{"title":"Boldness affects novel object recognition in a gecko species","authors":"Osamu Sakai ,&nbsp;Daichi Yokohata ,&nbsp;Takashi Hotta","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Individual animals exhibit considerable differences in cognitive characteristics associated with personality differences. The cognition-personality link was intensively investigated in the last decade though with mixed results. To grasp the general pattern, a common method should be applied to a wide range of animals. We tested novel object recognition (NOR) in the mourning gecko (<em>Lepidodactylus lugubris</em>) and investigated whether boldness, assessed in an anti-predator context, explained neophobia and how much attention animals pay to their surroundings. Boldness did not simply explain object neophobia but predicted attention to novel objects. Specifically, shy geckos showed shorter latency to approach the novel object than bold geckos only in the changed situation in which distinct types of objects were presented in two successive phases. However, no significant effect of boldness was detected in the unchanged situation in which the same object was presented twice. Our findings suggest that, in the mourning gecko, (1) boldness and object neophobia represent different aspects of personality traits and that (2) boldness underlies sensitivity to slight changes in the environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 105072"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141445303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioural changes in aposematic Heliconius melpomene butterflies in response to their predatory bird calls","authors":"Sushant Potdar ,&nbsp;Madhuri Dinakar ,&nbsp;Erica L. Westerman","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Prey-predator interactions have resulted in the evolution of many anti-predatory traits. One of them is the ability for prey to listen to predators and avoid them. Although prey anti-predatory behavioural responses to predator auditory cues are well described in a wide range of taxa, studies on whether butterflies change their behaviours in response to their predatory calls are lacking. <em>Heliconius</em> butterflies are unpalatable and form Müllerian mimicry rings as morphological defence strategies against their avian predators. Like many other butterflies in the <em>Nymphalidae</em> family, some <em>Heliconius</em> butterflies possess auditory organs, which are hypothesized to assist with predator detection. Here we test whether <em>Heliconius melpomene</em> change their behaviour in response to their predatory bird calls by observing the behaviour of male and female <em>H. m. plessini</em> exposed to calls of <em>Heliconius</em> avian predators: rufous-tailed jacamar, migratory Eastern kingbird, and resident tropical kingbird. We also exposed them to the calls of the toco toucan, a frugivorous bird as a control bird call, and an amplified greenhouse background noise as a noise control. We found that individuals changed their behaviour in response to jacamar calls only. Males increased their walking and fluttering behaviour, while females did not change their behaviour during the playback of the jacamar call. Intersexual behaviours like courtship, copulation, and abdomen lifting did not change in response to bird calls. Our findings suggest that despite having primary predatory defences like toxicity and being in a mimicry ring, <em>H. m. plessini</em> butterflies changed their behaviour in response to predator calls. Furthermore, this response was predator specific, as <em>H. m. plesseni</em> did not respond to either the Eastern kingbird or the tropical kingbird calls. This suggests that <em>Heliconius</em> butterflies may be able to differentiate predatory calls, and potentially the birds associated with those calls.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 105071"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141440157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Runway extinction in terrestrial toads (Rhinella arenarum): Instrumental or Pavlovian?","authors":"Rocío C. Fernández ,&nbsp;Martín M. Puddington ,&nbsp;Mauricio R. Papini ,&nbsp;Rubén N. Muzio","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Instrumental appetitive extinction involves the reduction of a previously reinforced response when its occurrence is no longer rewarded. Two experiments with terrestrial toads (<em>Rhinella arenarum</em>) tested whether the occurrence of a nonreinforced response is necessary for response extinction by varying the time of exposure to nonrewarded goal-box stimuli across groups. In Experiment 1, toads that received the same acquisition training (15 sessions, 1 session/day, 300 s of access to water in the goal box) were randomly assigned to two groups. In Group 600 (<em>n</em>=12), animals spent 600 s in the goal box in 8 daily extinction sessions (water present but inaccessible). In Group 0 (<em>n</em>=11), toads performed the runway response (i.e., walking from the start to the goal box) but were removed as soon as they entered the goal box, thus having minimal exposure to nonrewarded goal-box stimuli. The runway response was weakened in Group 600 across extinction trials, but exhibited little change in Group 0. In Experiment 2, toads were randomly assigned to two groups after the same acquisition training. Group 0 (<em>n</em>=7) was treated the same as Group 0 in the previous experiment. In Group RI (retention interval, <em>n</em>=7), toads remained in their home cage for 13 days. Finally, all animals received 4 extinction sessions with 300 s in the empty goal box. There was little behavioral change in Group 0 during the 13 sessions with minimal exposure to the goal box. In extinction, both groups reduced their runway response at similar rates. Although the procedures were instrumental, extinction of the runway response in toads can be accounted for in terms of a Pavlovian approach response to stimuli paired with reward and nonreward in the goal box.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 105070"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141436571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress response to social isolation followed by exposure to a novel object in aged ewes born to undernourished mothers","authors":"Florencia Corrales-Hlinka ,&nbsp;Raquel Pérez-Clariget ,&nbsp;Rodolfo Ungerfeld ,&nbsp;Aline Freitas-de-Melo","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fetal programming by subnutrition affects offspring’s behaviour, metabolism, and sensitivity to stressors in sheep. The objective was to determine the stress response of ewes born to mothers nutritionally restricted during gestation to social isolation followed by exposure to a novel object. Twenty-six-year-old Corriedale ewes born to mothers who grazed high or low pasture allowances (HPA and LPA groups) from 23 days before conception until 122 days of gestation were used. Ewes were individually isolated in a novel place for 10 min, and 5 min after its beginning, an orange ball was dropped into the test pen. The ewes’ behaviours were recorded during the test. Blood proteins, glucose and cortisol concentrations, heart and respiratory rates and rectal and surface temperatures were determined. The number of times looking at the ball tended to be greater in HPA ewes than LPA (6.7 ± 1.0 vs 4.7 ± 0.8, P = 0.08). The LPA ewes had greater serum albumin concentration than HPA ewes (3.2 ± 0.1 g/dL vs 3.0 ± 0.1 g/dL, P = 0.02), regardless of the applied stressors. Overall, the nutritional treatments applied to ewes during their intrauterine development did not modify the stress responses to social isolation followed by exposure to a novel object.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 105069"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141335220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incentive-salience attribution is attenuated in spontaneously hypertensive rats, an animal model of ADHD","authors":"Fernanda González-Barriga,&nbsp;Vladimir Orduña","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) have been extensively studied as an animal model of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) because they show some of the defining features of that disorder, like some forms of impulsivity and hyperactivity. However, other characteristics of the disorder, like a deficit in motivation, have been scarcely studied in the SHR strain. In the present report, we studied in 45 SHR and 45 Wistar rats as a comparison group, the capacity of attribution of incentive salience to a stimulus predictor of reinforcement, which has become a central concept in the study of motivation. We employed the Pavlovian Conditioned-Approach (PCA) task, in which a lever is presented 8 s before a pellet is delivered. The attribution of incentive salience is indicated by responses to the lever, in contrast to the absence of attribution of incentive salience, which is indicated by entrances to the pellet receptacle. For quantifying the attribution of incentive salience, we employed the PCA index, which integrates three related variables for each type of response, lever presses and entrances to the feeder: 1) the number of responses, 2) the latency to the first response, and 3) the probability that at least one response occurred during the presence of the lever. SHR showed lower levels of PCA, suggesting a deficit in the attribution of incentive salience to the lever. This finding replicates the results reported by previous research that compared SHR’s performance in the PCA task against that of Sprague-Dawley rats.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 105068"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0376635724000834/pdfft?md5=e810d2ad29ae6aae17073f5f97300c83&pid=1-s2.0-S0376635724000834-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141402227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual and group behavioral responses to nutritional state and context in a social fish","authors":"Ling-Qing Zeng ,&nbsp;Hong Ling ,&nbsp;Shi-Jian Fu ,&nbsp;De-Yong Pu ,&nbsp;Shaun S. Killen","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding how animal collectives and societies form and function is a fundamental goal in animal biology. To date, research examining fish shoaling behavior has focused mostly on the general principles and ecological relevance of the phenomeon, while the ways in which physiological state (e.g., nutrition) affects collective behavior remain overlooked. Here, we investigated the shoaling behavior of common minnows (<em>Phoxinus phoxinus</em>) with three different nutritional states (control treatment: fasting for 24 h, fasting treatment: fasting for 7 days, and digestion treatment: 1 h after satiation feeding) across two ecological contexts (i.e., without and with food). No effects of either nutritional state or context were found on swimming speed, but the acceleration was greater in the digestion group than in the control group, with that in the fasting group being intermediate. Similar to change tendency in group length and group width of shoals, both interindividual distance and nearest neighbor distance were also greater in the fasting group than in the digestion group, suggesting that fasting and digestion may exert opposite driving forces on group cohesion. However, neither nutritional state nor context influenced the group area, group speed, group percent time moving, or group polarization. Both the foraging efficiency and the percentage of food items consumed by the fish shoals were greater in the fasting and control groups than in the digestion group. Our study suggested that one week of hunger and the energetically demanding stage of food digestion tend to have opposite influences on group shape, while the social foraging context does not influence the individual and group behavior of fish.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 105059"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141327192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Punishment-induced resurgence","authors":"Ryan Redner ,&nbsp;Kathryn M. Kestner ,&nbsp;Amin Lotfizadeh ,&nbsp;Alan Poling","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The phenomenon of extinction-induced resurgence is well established, but there is comparatively little experimental evidence for punishment-induced resurgence. Punishment-induced resurgence can by tested by contingent shocks following the alternative response. The purpose of Experiment 1 was to test whether low-intensity shocks, that do not decrease rate of reinforcement, result in resurgence. Four rats served as subjects. Rats were exposed to three sequential conditions: (a) variable-interval (VI) 30-s food delivery for a lever press (target response); (b) VI 30-s food delivery for a nose poke (alternative response) and extinction of the lever press; (c) VI 30-s reinforcement for a nose poke with superimposed VI 60-s shock delivery. In the final condition, shocks increased gradually from 0.1 to 0.5 mA. Experiment 2 evaluated whether an abrupt introduction of a high-intensity shock would result in resurgence. Three rats served as subjects and were exposed to three sequential conditions: (a) VI 30-s food delivery for a lever press; (b) VI 30-s food delivery for a nose poke and extinction of the lever press; (c) continued VI 30-s reinforcement for a nose poke with superimposed VI 60-s 0.6 mA shock delivery. Resurgence was observed in all subjects, including in situations in which rate of responding, but not rate of reinforcement, decreased. The present study provides additional evidence for punishment-induced resurgence, but future studies are warranted to determine the extent to which punishment can produce resurgence with or without decreases in rates of reinforcement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 105058"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141228903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nearest neighbour distance does not affect escape behaviour in urban hooded crows","authors":"Ivana Novčić ,&nbsp;Peter Mikula","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The nearest-neighbour distance is an important property of a group, as individuals can obtain environmental information more quickly and easily from nearby individuals. We examined whether distance to the nearest neighbour affected two components of escape behaviour – alert distance (AD) and flight initiation distance (FID) – in an urban population of hooded crows <em>Corvus cornix</em>, while controlling for confounding variables. We did not find evidence that AD and FID were influenced by the nearest neighbour distance. However, both AD and FID were negatively affected by feeding activity of individuals – focal crows alerted later and escaped at shorter distance if they were feeding during our approach. In addition, AD and FID were positively related to starting distance and grass coverage. The lack of evidence for the nearest neighbour effect on escape behaviour of crows may be due to: (1) disturbance by close neighbours that may impede antipredator behaviour of focal birds, (2) variable distribution of familiar, dominant or experienced individuals within a flock, and (3) dynamic change in position of the nearest neighbour during the potential predator approach.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 105057"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141092591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of relatedness in chemical alarm cues by a selfing vertebrate depends on population and the life stage producing the alarm cue","authors":"Kaitlyn Nunley,&nbsp;Katie E. McGhee","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aquatic prey have impressive abilities to extract information from a variety of chemical cues. For example, they can use the alarm cues released by wounded individuals during a predator attack to learn about predation risk, and they can also distinguish kin from non-kin individuals during interactions. However, it remains unclear whether animals can combine this information on predation risk with kin recognition of the particular individuals under threat. To examine how the relatedness of the individuals in alarm cue affects behaviour we used the self-fertilizing hermaphroditic mangrove rivulus (<em>Kryptolebias marmoratus</em>), in which lineages produce genetically identical offspring through selfing. We explored this in two populations that differ in their level of outcrossing. We measured activity before and after exposure to alarm cue made from individuals (either adults or embryos) from their own lineage or an unrelated lineage from the same population. Fish responded weakly to embryo alarm cues, but tended to reduce their activity more when the alarm cues were from an unrelated lineage compared to alarm cues from their own lineage, particularly in fish from the outcrossing population. In contrast, there was no effect of cue relatedness on the response to adult alarm cues but there was a strong population effect. Specifically, individuals from the outcrossing population tended to react more strongly to alarm cues compared to individuals from the predominantly selfing population. We discuss the potential roles of the major histocompatibility complex in cue detection, differences between adult vs embryo alarm cues in terms of concentration and information, and underlying differences among populations and genetic lineages in their production and detection of chemical cues. Whether this kin recognition offers adaptive benefits or is simply a consequence of being able to detect relatedness in living individuals would be an exciting area for future research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 105056"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141086697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute hypoxia exposure rapidly triggers behavioral changes linked to cutaneous gas exchange in Lake Titicaca frogs","authors":"Jordan De Padova ,&nbsp;Nigel K. Anderson ,&nbsp;Roland Halbauer ,&nbsp;Doris Preininger ,&nbsp;Matthew J. Fuxjager","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ventilation is critical to animal life—it ensures that individuals move air/water across their respiratory surface, and thus it sustains gas exchange with the environment. Many species have evolved highly specialized (if not unusual) ventilatory mechanisms, including the use of behavior to facilitate different aspects of breathing. However, these behavioral traits are often only described anecdotally, and the ecological conditions that elicit them are typically unclear. We study one such “ventilation behavior” in Lake Titicaca frogs (<em>Telmatobius culeus</em>). These frogs inhabit high-altitude (i.e., low oxygen) lakes in the Andean Mountains of South America, and they have become textbook examples of cutaneous gas exchange, which is essentially breathing that occurs across the skin. Accordingly, this species has evolved large, baggy skin-folds that dangle from the body to increase the surface area for ventilation. We show that individuals exposed to acute hypoxic conditions that mirror what free-living individuals likely encounter quickly (within minutes) decrease their activity levels, and thus become very still. If oxygen levels continue to decline, the frogs soon begin to perform push-up behaviors that presumably break the low-oxygen boundary layer around skin-folds to increase the conductance of the water/skin gas exchange pathway. Altogether, we suspect that individuals rapidly adjust aspects of their behavior in response to seemingly sudden changes to the oxygen environment as a mechanism to fine tune cutaneous respiration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 105047"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140955549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}