Behavioural Processes最新文献

{"title":"Resurgence of target behavior after negative punishment of alternative behavior","authors":"Angel M. Villalobos ,&nbsp;Diego A. Ávila-Rozo ,&nbsp;Carolyn M. Ritchey ,&nbsp;Carla N. Martinez-Perez ,&nbsp;Matthew S. Lamperski ,&nbsp;Toshikazu Kuroda ,&nbsp;Christopher A. Podlesnik","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Resurgence is the recurrence of a previously extinguished target response under the worsening of alternative conditions. Worsening conditions include extinction, reduction in rate and magnitude of reinforcement, delayed reinforcement, and punishment of alternative responding. Previous studies found resurgence from within-subject increases in intensity of shock as positive punishment of alternative responding in rats. The present study aimed to replicate this effect using a response-cost punishment contingency for alternative responding in human participants. During Phase 1, target-button presses were reinforced with points according to a variable-interval (VI) 2-s schedule. During Phase 2, target responses were extinguished, and clicks on the alternative button were reinforced with the same schedule. During Phase 3, a response-cost contingency was superimposed on the VI schedule. In each successive minute, participants lost 100, 320, or 1000 points for alternative responding. Losing points for alternative responses produced resurgence of target responding, but further increasing response-cost magnitude did not increase resurgence. We found some instances of resurgence without accompanying decreases in reinforcer rates; however, as in previous studies, most target increases were accompanied by decreases in reinforcer rates. Because decreases in reinforcer rates complicate attributing resurgence to punishment alone, future research might evaluate wider ranges of punisher rates and magnitudes when studying resurgence-inducing effects of punishment contingencies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 105238"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144702562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rats can spontaneously discriminate different rhythms: An investigation using an automated habituation-dishabituation paradigm","authors":"Reo Wada ,&nbsp;Takaki Tomatsuri ,&nbsp;Kosuke Yoshida ,&nbsp;Shiomi Hakataya ,&nbsp;Genta Toya ,&nbsp;Kazuo Okanoya ,&nbsp;Hiroki Koda","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vocal production learning has been thought to be necessary for rhythmic cognition. However, recent studies have shown that rats, a non-vocal production learning species, are capable of discriminating rhythms and synchronizing to rhythm. Here, we investigated whether rats can spontaneously discriminate between different rhythms by using three types of rhythmic sound stimuli that differ only in the ratio of time intervals. In the experiment, we tested 30 rats by using a newly developed automated habituation-dishabituation paradigm implemented with the recent cutting-edge real-time animal tracking technology. The sound stimulus was automatically switched to a different type of rhythmic time interval ratio depending on the tracked animal's movement activity. For all rhythm orders, sound type switching increased the distance travelled by the rats, suggesting that rats can discriminate between rhythms that differ only in the ratio of time intervals. These results indicate that non-vocal production learning species may also be able to recognize the periodic temporal structure of rhythms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 105257"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144907366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blue light preconditioning as a novel strategy for reducing transport stress in zebrafish","authors":"Longfei Huo ,&nbsp;Xiaojing Miao ,&nbsp;Xuran Zhang ,&nbsp;Yi Ren ,&nbsp;Qiqi Fu ,&nbsp;Jiali Yang ,&nbsp;Muqing Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, zebrafish have become increasingly important in experimental sciences, with transportation being a critical step in their use. However, the vibrations during transportation often induce stress responses in the fish, impairing their physiological functions and even leading to death. As a key environmental modulator, light conditions have been shown to significantly affect the physiological state of fish. In this study, we developed a novel experimental setup integrating an adjustable light source and vibration simulation system to replicate transportation conditions and explore the optimal strategies to alleviate fish stress. First, we tested the wavelength preferences of zebrafish in both static and vibrating environments, finding that zebrafish exhibited a significant preference for 455 nm blue light. Subsequently, under consistent light power and illuminance, we measured the impact of different wavelengths of light on zebrafish anxiety behaviors over a two-month period. Further simulated transportation experiments showed that long-term (2 h daily for 14 days) exposure to blue light (455 nm) effectively reduced anxiety-related behaviors in the simulated transportation environment, while short-term exposure to blue light during transportation alone did not alleviate stress. This study confirms the effectiveness of specific blue light (455 nm) in reducing stress responses induced by vibration and provides key insights into optimizing zebrafish transportation protocols, with a particular emphasis on the necessity of light adaptation prior to transport.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 105260"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144999555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Almost there: Learning to navigate approximately with a grid map","authors":"Joe Morford ,&nbsp;Patrick Lewin ,&nbsp;Paris Jaggers ,&nbsp;Joe Wynn ,&nbsp;Tim Guilford ,&nbsp;Oliver Padget","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grid map navigation, in which animals use intersecting environmental gradients to judge the spatial relationship between their location and their goal, has been proposed to account for impressive navigational abilities across various taxa. However, the precise mechanisms by which animals navigate using environmental gradients are obscure: first, how do animals extrapolate the spatial distribution of gradients, and second, how do they combine spatial information from multiple gradients? Various models of the extrapolation and combination of spatial gradients have been proposed, but the ontogeny of these mechanisms is little considered. Animals might be predisposed to utilise particular navigational strategies, with these fixed through development; alternatively, mechanisms might arise and change through learning. To investigate this, we trained artificial neural networks, as simple computational learning models, to navigate in virtual bicoordinate grid environments, and tested their outputs against previously proposed models. We found neural networks initially adopted ‘the approximate model’: determining their displacement in each gradient independently and summing these to approximate goalward directions. This supports the suggestion that this model represents a relatively simple mechanism to adopt in complex environments. However, by the end of training, neural networks no longer conformed to the model predictions, hence adopting this mechanism for a limited period only. Thus, the predictions of these models might be met only in certain developmental stages as animals learn. Conversely, the neural networks extrapolated gradients differently depending on the environment. These results facilitate more nuanced predictions of how animal navigation might develop through learning. These predictions should be tested as large tracking datasets of animal movements accumulate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 105245"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of sea turtle swimming patterns using a standardized arena to minimize effort in welfare assessment","authors":"Naoto K. Inoue","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Welfare assessment of captive sea turtles has become increasingly important as the need for lifelong care grows. The most valuable indicator of sea turtle welfare is behavioral assessment, as it is non-invasive and more cost-effective than other methods such as physical, nutritional, and environmental assessments. In particular, a higher proportion and longer duration of specific swimming patterns indicate negative sea turtle welfare. However, welfare assessment has been hampered by the efforts required to standardize behavioral criteria across observers and to monitor the environmental factors that influence behavior. To alleviate these efforts, a novel framework to automatically quantify sea turtle swimming within an environmentally standardized arena is proposed in this study. Applying this framework to hatchlings showed its ability to detect individual differences in swimming patterns. Some individuals, with a higher proportion and longer duration of specific swimming patterns, showed signs of poor nutritional or physical condition. These results suggest that accumulating quantitative data through this framework could facilitate the development of individual-level welfare assessment criteria.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 105200"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144831331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anxiety in Brazilian dogs: Typical behaviors, anxiety-inducing situations, and sociodemographic factors","authors":"Maria Cecília de Souza ,&nbsp;Gabriel Quaresma Bastos ,&nbsp;Crystian Moraes Silva Gomes ,&nbsp;Rosana Suemi Tokumaru","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Canine anxiety is related to genetic and environmental factors and can significantly impact the wellbeing of both dogs and their guardians. This survey-based study investigated the characteristics of dogs, their environments and routines, as well as the sociodemographic profiles of guardians, alongside the situations that elicit anxiety and the associated behaviors in Brazilian dogs. Data were collected from 795 dogs based on guardian responses to a demographic questionnaire and a culturally and linguistically adapted version of the Lincoln Canine Anxiety Scale for use in Brazil, designed to assess anxious behaviors across various contexts. Results showed that Hearing fireworks and Being left alone were the most frequently reported anxiety-inducing situations, identified by 27.5 % and 20.2 % of participants, respectively. The most frequently reported behaviors were \"Alertness\" and \"Barking, whining, or howling,\" whereas \"Self-harm\" and \"Chasing tail\" were the least reported. Respondents indicated higher anxiety scores for neutered dogs and those adopted from shelters. In contrast, more frequent walks were also associated with lower reported anxiety. Lower anxiety levels were reported for dogs owned by older individuals, male respondents, and those who were married or in stable relationships. These findings highlight the importance of considering individual dog characteristics, daily routines, and guardian demographics when developing strategies for managing and addressing canine anxiety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 105241"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144711241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioural variation in the invasive cellar spider Pholcus manueli (Araneae: Pholcidae)","authors":"Alexander R. Salazar ,&nbsp;Ann. L. Rypstra","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Behaviours such as boldness and exploration are highly plastic and as such, we expect differences between populations, especially for invasive species. In particular, populations at the leading edge of an invasion front may display differences in these behaviours relative to long established core populations as they are often key to their dispersal and invasion success. Likewise, in species with sexual dimorphism, the importance of these behaviours to invasion success may differ for males and females. Here we report on an invasive cellar spider, <em>Pholcus manueli</em> (Araneae: Pholcidae), that is expanding westward across the United States. We investigated whether boldness in response to simulated predator cues (physical and airborne disturbances) and exploration of a novel environment varied across <em>P. manueli</em>’s invasive range and between males and females. We found significant differences in the reaction to the simulated predator cues, but not in exploration. Although there was variation between the leading edge and core, the greatest differences lay between males and females from core populations when exposed to a puff of air. We additionally investigated whether females would be less selective of a potential mate at the leading edge. We found marginal support for this and uncovered interesting details regarding <em>P. manueli</em>’s mating system, wherein smaller females were more likely to mate than large ones. Overall, we found boldness and mating behaviour differences between the leading edge and core, but our data suggest greater differences lay between the sexes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 105259"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144940692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating indicators of intentionality, flexibility, and goal-association in domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus) facial signals","authors":"Samantha Dickey ,&nbsp;Jayden Garrett ,&nbsp;Lauren Scott ,&nbsp;Robert W. Miller ,&nbsp;Brittany N. Florkiewicz","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although domesticated cats are often perceived as solitary creatures, they display considerable socio-ecological variability in comparison to their wildcat relatives. This diversity has led cats to develop a variety of facial signals to navigate different environments, as well as several communicative mechanisms, including rapid facial mimicry. The extent to which cats have developed complex communication mechanisms remains uncertain. Specifically, it is not clear if cats can produce facial signals intentionally, flexibly, and in a manner that is associated with specific goals in response to their varied environments. The aim of our current study is to evaluate whether cat facial signals demonstrate indicators of intentional, flexible, and goal-directed use. We assessed these three properties using 9 different variables as described in the research literature, along with the average number of variables (out of 9) associated with their facial signals. We also examined whether there are differences in the production of intentional, flexible, and goal-oriented facial signals based on social context (affiliative vs. non-affiliative), as previous studies suggest that these mechanisms are more closely linked to competitive situations. Our results indicate that the facial signals of domestic cats often reflect variables related to goal-oriented behavior. Furthermore, domestic cats are more likely to exhibit certain variables tied to intentional and flexible communication in non-affiliative contexts. However, generally speaking, the facial signals of domesticated cats rarely display variables associated with intentional and flexible communication. This is likely due to their unique social behavior and organization. Our research enhances the understanding of how distinct socio-ecologies influence the evolution of facial signaling and socio-communicative mechanisms, as well as the potential impact of domestication on the interaction strategies of companion animals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 105244"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased vigilance to neighbor duets broadcast from unexpected territorial boundaries in rufous horneros","authors":"Paulo S. Amorim ,&nbsp;Pedro Diniz","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many territorial animals can distinguish neighbors from strangers when these categories represent different threat levels. This ability may stem from class-based recognition, where individuals are categorized as neighbors based on habituation or familiarity with shared sensory cues, or from true individual recognition, where specific neighbors are recognized by memorizing their unique sensory signatures. We tested whether rufous horneros (<em>Furnarius rufus</em>), a suboscine bird with year-round territorial pairs that produce distinctive vocal signatures, could associate acoustic and spatial information from neighbors and perceive them as less threatening than strangers, potentially indicating acoustic recognition of neighbors. We simulated territorial interactions by broadcasting neighbor and stranger duets at the neighbor boundary, inhabited by the neighbor, and at an unoccupied boundary, which lacked a neighbor or territory. Birds were more likely to fly toward the speaker in response to stranger (unfamiliar) duets than to neighbor duets at both boundaries. However, owners became more vigilant when hearing a neighbor’s duet from the unoccupied boundary than from the neighbor boundary, while their responses to stranger duets were similar at both boundaries. Although birds detected mismatches between spatial and acoustic cues, their physical (flight toward the speaker) and vocal (likelihood of duetting) aggressive responses were similar toward neighbors regardless of territorial boundary, indicating no immediate retaliation for minor boundary violations. These results suggest that rufous horneros may acoustically recognize specific neighbors and provide insights into the evolution of collective signals in mediating social interactions among non-vocal learners.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 105237"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144706121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social dynamics and behavior of zoo-housed red-footed tortoises at different housing densities","authors":"Shannon L. O’Brien,&nbsp;Addie Diaz,&nbsp;Katherine A. Cronin","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Within zoos, it is common for animals that are considered solitary to be housed with conspecifics. This may be due to a variety of factors such as spatial constraints within zoos, difficulties associated with transferring animals, breeding goals, and/or other management challenges. However, the welfare implications of housing solitary animals with conspecifics are not well understood. This opportunistic study examined the impact of different housing densities (two versus four individuals) on red-footed tortoise social dynamics and behavior. Agonistic behaviors, primarily mounting, were significantly higher when four tortoises were present. Additionally, the tortoises utilized more of their enclosure when four tortoises were present. Social network analyses revealed that the tortoises had a dominance hierarchy, with high asymmetry and unidirectionality between tortoise dyads. Further, social inactivity decreased when only two tortoises were present. Collectively, the results of this study provide valuable information about the relationship between housing density and behavior in these tortoises, which can inform future study design and management strategies at other institutions that house reptiles socially.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 105242"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144738758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}