André Connor de Méo Luiz , Myenne Mieko Ayres Tsutsumi , Luis Humbert Andrade de Lemos , Julia Rocker dos Santos , Kauane de Kássia Mussett Lazarini
{"title":"Resistance to change as a function of response speed","authors":"André Connor de Méo Luiz , Myenne Mieko Ayres Tsutsumi , Luis Humbert Andrade de Lemos , Julia Rocker dos Santos , Kauane de Kássia Mussett Lazarini","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examined the effects of different response-speed requirements on resistance to change. Undergraduates were exposed to a simulated scenario aiming to destroy pollution sources by clicking on moving targets. During baseline, a multiple variable interval (VI) 15 s VI 15 s was in effect. Points (100) served as reinforcers. In the Low-Speed Component, the response button moved across the computer screen at a speed of 30 % of the screen length per second. In the High-Speed Component, the response button moved across the computer screen at a speed of 60 % of the screen length per second. A VI 10 s of point loss (-95) disrupted responding during the test. Behavioral resistance was calculated as proportional changes from baseline response rates to test response rates. When the point-loss disrupted responding, greater resistance was observed in the Low-Speed Component, corroborating previous studies with other dimensions of physical requirements.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 105098"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142241489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sunil Khatiwada , Simon P. Turner , Marianne Farish , Irene Camerlink
{"title":"Leadership amongst pigs when faced with a novel situation","authors":"Sunil Khatiwada , Simon P. Turner , Marianne Farish , Irene Camerlink","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Leadership is a risky behaviour that can impact individuals and groups. Leaders, i.e. individuals who perform or initiate a task while other individuals in the group follow, have been studied in different contexts, but there is still a lack of understanding on the role of individual characteristics that may predispose them to become leaders, such as dominance and personality. In particular, the characteristics of leaders in domestic animal populations has been poorly examined. We studied leadership within 32 groups of young pigs (<em>Sus scrofa domesticus</em>, n = 366 individuals). Leadership was assessed during a group-based fear test (Human Approach Test) which was repeated three times. The first individual per group to touch the person was identified as leader. We assessed repeatability of leadership and characteristics of leaders as compared to followers. Leadership was marginally repeatable, with 6 out of 26 groups having a consistent single leader across all tests. Females had odds 4.13 times greater than males of being a leader, while there was no effect of body weight (a proxy of dominance) or coping style on leadership. The results indicate a similarity with wild populations, in which females lead the herd even though the males, which are superior in body weight, are often dominant.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 105099"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0376635724001141/pdfft?md5=2397ff1cbb20806965ea67e79f08bdda&pid=1-s2.0-S0376635724001141-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142230326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Terance Ho Him Wong, Lai Him Chow, Ling Ming Tsang
{"title":"Agonistic behaviors of boxer shrimps (Stenopus Species): Insights into the importance of antennae, antennules and tactile contact","authors":"Terance Ho Him Wong, Lai Him Chow, Ling Ming Tsang","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Agonistic behaviors are crucial and ubiquitous among animals for the competition of limited resources. Although the study of aggression has been a popular topic, plenty of studies focused on model organisms, and typically on crayfish and lobsters for crustaceans. Variations of the agonistic behaviors and the underpinning eliciting cues of other crustaceans therefore have not been fully explored. In the present study, we targeted <em>Stenopus</em>, a genus of shrimp-like crustaceans that displays prominent agonistic behaviors when encountering conspecifics of the same sex owing to their monogamous social structure. Using <em>S. hispidus</em> (Olivier, 1811) and <em>S. cyanoscelis</em> (Goy, 1984) as representatives, we characterized their agonistic behaviors and fighting pattern, conducted experiments to investigate the contribution of visual, olfactory and tactile cues to inducing aggression, and examined the effects of antennal and antennular ablation on their agonistic interactions. A total of seven agonistic behaviors were documented, where antennal entwining and tactile contact is the major driver and seemingly important cue, respectively, in inducing agonistic behaviors in <em>Stenopus</em>. Although ablation of antennae and antennules did not inhibit fighting, behavioral changes, such as the prolonged agonistic interactions and the delayed establishment of dominance were observed, suggesting a reduction of aggressiveness. A comparison of agonistic behaviors with other crustaceans showed that certain features appeared to be unique or distinct in <em>Stenopus</em>, including the potential functional overlap of antennae and antennules, a higher aggressiveness of the fighting behaviors, and the exhibition of crouching behavior by submissive individuals. The present study provides a crucial background understanding for subsequent research on <em>Stenopus</em> and paves the way for its establishment as another crustacean model for studying aggression.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 105094"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142118895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arthur Afeitos Silva , Thais Dias Mendonça , Carolina Alves Ribeiro , Débora Golçalves Lima , Bruna Raiary das Graças de Oliveira , Valeria Jiménez Cárdenas , Raquel Franco Cassino , André Lincoln Barroso Magalhães , Yasmine Antonini , João Custódio Fernandes Cardoso , Cristiano Schetini de Azevedo
{"title":"Behavioural changes of native freshwater prawn in the presence of a predator fish","authors":"Arthur Afeitos Silva , Thais Dias Mendonça , Carolina Alves Ribeiro , Débora Golçalves Lima , Bruna Raiary das Graças de Oliveira , Valeria Jiménez Cárdenas , Raquel Franco Cassino , André Lincoln Barroso Magalhães , Yasmine Antonini , João Custódio Fernandes Cardoso , Cristiano Schetini de Azevedo","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Predation pressure influences animal behaviour in relation to feeding, exposure to predators and habitat use. In the presence of a predator, prey usually decreases feeding and activity, avoiding predation-risk areas. This study evaluated the visual effects of a predator fish (red-bellied piranha <em>Pygocentrus nattereri</em>) on the behaviour and habitat use of Macrobrachium <em>jelskii</em> prawn. It was hypothesized that prawns would modify their behaviour in the presence of a predator, decreasing their general activity (foraging and locomotion) and seeking shelter more frequently. Twenty behavioural tests were carried out without and with the presence of a predator using five different <em>M. jelskii</em> individuals per trial. Behavioural data were collected using scan sampling with instantaneous recording of behaviours every 15 s during 5 min in each trial. The presence of the predator caused prawns to decrease their locomotion and feeding and increase environment exploration and predator inspection. Prawns used the shelter more frequently when the predator was present. Red-bellied piranha elicited anti-predator behaviour in <em>M. jelskii</em>. The patterns observed suggested that the most common anti-predatory behaviours exhibited by <em>M. jelskii</em> are beneficial as they reduce vigilance and active anti-predation strategies, such as escape.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 105095"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142149382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Faith Summers , Amber M. Tuske , Cassandra Puglisi , Annie Wong , Andrés Rojo , Lindsey Swierk
{"title":"Ambient light spectrum affects larval Mexican jumping bean moth (Cydia saltitans) behavior despite light obstruction from host seed","authors":"Faith Summers , Amber M. Tuske , Cassandra Puglisi , Annie Wong , Andrés Rojo , Lindsey Swierk","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Spectral differences in ambient light can affect animal behavior and convey crucial information about an individual’s environment. The ability to perceive and respond to differences in ambient light varies widely by taxa and is shaped by a species’ ecology. Mexican jumping bean moths, <em>Cydia saltitans</em>, spend their entire larval period encased in fallen host seeds and contend with potentially lethal environmental temperatures when host seeds are in direct sunlight. We investigate if and how <em>C. saltitans</em> larvae in host seeds respond to lighting conditions associated with these thermal risks. In a temperature-controlled experiment, we identified that larvae demonstrated distinct behavioral (“jumping”) responses corresponding to four lighting treatments (white, red, green, and purple), despite extremely minimal light penetration through host seed walls. Red light induced the greatest larval activity (measured by probability of movement and by displacement from origin), suggesting that larvae have mechanisms to perceive low levels of red light and/or to detect subtle increases in heat produced by red/near infrared-biased light spectra, possibly providing them with an early-warning mechanism against thermal stress. Our findings highlight the interplay of environmental lighting, behavior, and potential thermosensory adaptations in a species with a visually constrained environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 105093"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142078951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ivan Norscia , Martin Hecker , Beatriz Gallego Aldama , Santiago Borragán Santos , Giada Cordoni
{"title":"Play contagion in African elephants: The closest, the better","authors":"Ivan Norscia , Martin Hecker , Beatriz Gallego Aldama , Santiago Borragán Santos , Giada Cordoni","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Behavioural contagion is an automatic process through which a behaviour performed by an individual (trigger) is reproduced by an observer (responder) without necessarily replicating the exact motor sequence. It has been linked to inter-individual synchronisation and possibly emotional contagion. Play can convey emotions and enhance social bonding, although its contagiousness is understudied. To verify social play contagion presence and modulating factors, we gathered audio-video data on social play, distance and affiliation on a group of savannah African elephants (15 individuals) at Parque de la Naturaleza de Cabarceno (Cantabria, Spain). Social play was contagious as it was more likely started by uninvolved elephants (within 3-min) in Post-Play Condition (PP) - after that other elephants had started playing - than in Matched-control Condition (MC; no previous play). Social play contagion mostly occurred within 30 m – probably due to elephants’ limited visual acuity – and it was highest between individuals that affiliated the most, with the distance-affiliation interaction having no effect. The most prominent individuals in the social play network were also the most influential in the play contagion network (Eigenvector-centrality measure). Play contagion was socially modulated, thus suggesting it may extend from motor replication to the replication of the underlying affective state.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 105092"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0376635724001074/pdfft?md5=737d97f49b60a912f7e67d4d5b5f4a0e&pid=1-s2.0-S0376635724001074-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142103917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bruna Pagliani, Thiago O.S. Amorim, Franciele R. de Castro, Artur Andriolo
{"title":"Sounds in common: Time-frequency as the classification parameters for pulsed sounds produced by Delphinus delphis","authors":"Bruna Pagliani, Thiago O.S. Amorim, Franciele R. de Castro, Artur Andriolo","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sounds produced by dolphins can be grouped into tonal (whistles) and pulsed sounds (e.g., echolocation clicks and burst sounds). Clicks are broadband pulses temporarily spaced to allow echo processing between the sound source and the object. Echolocation is related mainly to prey detection and environmental recognition. Echolocation click trains tend to present a decreasing inter-click interval due to a continuous changing of the target's location when the animal approaches to capture the prey. In addition to foraging and feeding contexts, burst pulsed sounds have been associated with short social communication. Although echolocation clicks are relatively well documented, there is no consensus regarding the broad variety of the burst pulsed signals. The present study analyzed time-frequency characteristics by conducting a clustering and discrimination analysis to classify pulsed sounds. A total of 64 click trains were analyzed from short-beaked common dolphins recorded in the slope region of the western South Atlantic Ocean. Three analyses (time; frequency; and combined time-frequency parameters) were compared through k-means clustering and posterior cluster validation using Random forest analysis. The k-means clustering resulted in four clusters for all groups of analysis. The time parameters were the most accurate among the comparisons, with the first two-dimensional axis corresponding to 87 % (Dim1 = 70.2 % and Dim2 = 17.2 %). The random forest analysis showed that the time-frequency dataset was the best classification of pulsed sounds in <em>D. delphis</em> (Accuracy = 84.6 %; confidence interval CI = 65.1 %-95.6 %; p < 0.01). This result considers the animal an acoustical identity, emphasizing the importance of certain parameters that influence this identity and thus reflecting the energy-cost optimization for sound production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 105091"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142035116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sergey K. Sudakov, Natalia G. Bogdanova, Galina A. Nazarova
{"title":"Expression of exploratory activity of rat offspring depends on the expression of exploratory activity of their parents at the moment of mating","authors":"Sergey K. Sudakov, Natalia G. Bogdanova, Galina A. Nazarova","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this work was to study the, so far, unexplored possibility that non-genetic inheritance of animal behavioral characteristics could depend on the state of the parents at the time of conception. In this study, we measured the levels of motor and exploratory activity in rats at the ages of 2 and 5 months. Male and female rats were mated at the age of 5 months. The following groups were used: male and female rats with high motor activity at ages of 2 and 5 months (ACT+); male and female rats with high activity at the age of 2 months, but low activity at the age of 5 months (ACT–); male and female rats with low activity at the ages of 2 and 5 months (PAS–); male and female rats with low activity at the age of 2 months, but high activity at the age of 5 months (PAS+). It was found that both males and females ACT+ had significantly higher motor activity, which was observed in the first 10 minutes, in the next 20–60 minutes, in the center of the cage and more rearings as compared with PAS– rats. Significant differences in the severity of exploratory activity were found between the male offspring of ACT+ and ACT– rats. Differences between the offspring of PAS+ and PAS– rats were observed in both the male and female rats. The motor activity of animals in the period from 20 minutes after the start of registration did not differ between groups. Thus, it can be considered that individual characteristics of general motor activity are due to genetically inherited factors, while differences in the level of exploratory activity, apparently, are formed due to non-genetic influences from parents during mating.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 105090"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141888331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Horses can learn to identify joy and sadness against other basic emotions from human facial expressions","authors":"Plotine Jardat , Zoé Menard--Peroy , Céline Parias , Fabrice Reigner , Ludovic Calandreau , Léa Lansade","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recently, horses and other domestic mammals have been shown to perceive and react to human emotional signals, with most studies focusing on joy and anger. In this study, we tested whether horses can learn to identify human joyful and sad expressions against other emotions. We used a touchscreen-based automated device that presented pairs of human portraits and distributed pellets when the horse touched the rewarded face. Six horses were trained to touch the sad face and 5 the joyful face. By the end of training, horses’ performances at the group level were significantly higher than chance level, with higher scores for horses trained with the sad face. At the individual level, evidence of task learning varied among horses, which could be explained by individual variations in horses’ ability to identify different human facial expressions or attention issues during the tests. In a generalization test, we introduced portraits of different humans than those presented during training. Horses trained with the joyful face performed better than chance, demonstrating generalization. Conversely, horses trained with the sad face did not. Horses also showed differences in learning performance according to the non-rewarded emotion, providing insights into horses’ cognitive processing of facial expressions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 105081"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0376635724000962/pdfft?md5=4869edee356afb15282e228aff4f0f06&pid=1-s2.0-S0376635724000962-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141787190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Timothy A. Shahan , Gabrielle M. Sutton , Matias Avellaneda
{"title":"Resurgence mitigation across extended extinction following four and eight cycles of on/off alternative reinforcement","authors":"Timothy A. Shahan , Gabrielle M. Sutton , Matias Avellaneda","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Resurgence is an increase in an extinguished operant response resulting from a worsening of conditions (e.g., extinction) for a more recently reinforced alternative behavior. Previous research has shown that exposure to cycles of alternative reinforcement available versus unavailable (i.e., on/off alternative reinforcement) across sessions can reduce subsequent resurgence. Most previous assessments of the procedure have examined target operant responding during only single-session resurgence tests, and it remains unclear if exposure to relatively few cycles of on/off alternative reinforcement can maintain low rates of target behavior across extended exposure to extinction. This experiment with rats examined the effects of 4 or 8 cycles of on/off alternative reinforcement on subsequent resurgence during a 10-session extinction test. The results show that exposure to 4 cycles of on/off alternative reinforcement is as effective as 8 cycles in producing low rates of target behavior during treatment and across extended extinction. This result is consistent with extant theories of resurgence and suggests that on/off alternative reinforcement could have translational utility following relatively few cycles of exposure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 105082"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141787191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}