Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Could Flumazenil Be Used Pre-hospital by Intramuscular Injection for Coma due to Mixed Drug Overdose Not Responding to Naloxone?: A Systematic Review of the Evidence","authors":"Ilinca Farcas,&nbsp;Lisa Schölin,&nbsp;Michael Eddleston","doi":"10.1111/bcpt.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bcpt.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background/Rationale</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Benzodiazepine-involved overdose deaths are increasing. Flumazenil is rarely used due to fear of seizures; however, the risk benefit may favour its use. Flumazenil is licensed for intravenous (IV) use, but intramuscular (IM) treatment would be required pre-hospital.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To identify and synthesise pre-clinical and clinical data on the parenteral IM flumazenil safety and efficacy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane and Scopus searches without any language restriction. Adverse effect studies were limited to systematic reviews and large cohort studies (<i>n</i> &gt; 100), IM administration efficacy to studies in large animal (mammalian, excluding reptiles and birds) and humans.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two systematic reviews reported adverse effects from IV or IM flumazenil in clinical use and combined retrospective/prospective patient cohort. Seizures were uncommon (&lt; 2%) including mixed overdoses. Seven studies (four animal, three human) reported on IM flumazenil. Animal studies indicated IM flumazenil efficacy. In a canine cross-over study, IM flumazenil reversed midazolam sedation moderately slower than IV. Two clinical observational studies reported sedation reversal with IM flumazenil, whereas a cross-over study found no IM flumazenil response at 15 min.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>IM flumazenil data are sparse, but it may be effective and safe. Clinical research is urgently needed to determine whether pre-hospital IM flumazenil can prevent benzodiazepine-involved overdose deaths.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8733,"journal":{"name":"Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":"136 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bcpt.70007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promoting Resiliency to Stress in the Vascular Endothelium","authors":"Maria J. Jaramillo-Torres,&nbsp;Rachel H. Limpert,&nbsp;William J. Butak,&nbsp;Katie E. Cohen,&nbsp;Alicen A. Whitaker-Hilbig,&nbsp;Matthew J. Durand,&nbsp;Julie K. Freed,&nbsp;Gopika SenthilKumar","doi":"10.1111/bcpt.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bcpt.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>By 2050, roughly 60% of the population will have cardiovascular disease. While a substantial amount of data has been generated over the last few decades that has aided in our understanding of cardiovascular disease pathology, less is known about how to increase resiliency to cardiovascular risk factors that individuals are exposed to on a daily basis. The vascular endothelium is considered the first line of defence against circulating noxious stimuli and, when dysfunctional, is an early risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. A vast amount of data has been generated demonstrating how external stress impairs the vascular endothelium; however, there is a paucity of knowledge regarding how to amplify protective pathways and ward off stress and the development of disease, which is the focus of this review. Targeting known protective endothelial pathways may be feasible to increase resiliency to vascular stress. Leveraging stress to boost defence mechanisms within the vascular endothelium is also proposed and may help identify novel therapeutic targets to protect individuals from the stress of everyday life.</p>","PeriodicalId":8733,"journal":{"name":"Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":"136 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bcpt.70001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143389118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Alcohol Use Disorder","authors":"Mette Kruse Klausen,&nbsp;Gitte Moos Knudsen,&nbsp;Tina Vilsbøll,&nbsp;Anders Fink-Jensen","doi":"10.1111/bcpt.70004","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bcpt.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the search for novel treatment strategies for alcohol use disorder (AUD), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) approved for treating Type 2 diabetes and obesity have caught much attention. GLP-1 is a naturally occurring peptide produced in the small intestines and the brain, regulating plasma glucose levels and satiety. This focused review will report on the preclinical studies, case stories, register-based cohort studies, brain-imaging data and secondary analysis of clinical data supporting the role of GLP-1RAs as a novel treatment of AUD. Several clinical trials are ongoing, examining the potential effects of the GLP-1RA semaglutide in AUD.</p>","PeriodicalId":8733,"journal":{"name":"Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":"136 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11786240/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143073577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluvoxamine Inhibited NLRP3 and NF-κB Inflammatory Pathways and Maintained Genital Functions by Ameliorating CD-MPR, KISS-1, AQP4 and Claudin-1 Expressions","authors":"Senay Topsakal,&nbsp;Ozlem Ozmen,&nbsp;Kadriye Nilay Ozcan,&nbsp;Halil Asci,&nbsp;Orhan Berk Imeci,&nbsp;Mehmet Abdulkadir Sevuk,&nbsp;Pinar Aslan Kosar","doi":"10.1111/bcpt.70000","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bcpt.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fluvoxamine (FLV), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, is commonly used to treat anxiety, major depressive disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder, among other psychiatric conditions. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of FLV in mitigating damage caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to the female genital tract. Thirty-two female Wistar Albino rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, LPS, LPS-FLV and FLV. At the end of the experimental period, tissues from the ovaries, fallopian tubes and uterus were collected for histological, immunohistochemical and genetic analyses. Histological examination of the LPS group revealed mild to moderate bleeding, oedema and neutrophil infiltration. Additionally, there were signs of endometrial damage in the uterus and loss of cilia in the fallopian tubes. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that LPS increased the expressions of nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) and cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptors (CD-MPR) and reduced kisspeptin-1 (KISS-1) expression. Genetic analysis indicated that LPS increased the expression of the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) and aquaporin4 (AQP4) genes while decreasing Claudin-1 expression. However, all these adverse effects were reversed by FLV treatment. The study's findings suggest that FLV may be beneficial in treating LPS-induced damage to the female reproductive system.</p>","PeriodicalId":8733,"journal":{"name":"Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":"136 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11786297/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143073588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vivo Investigation of the Effects of Nonylphenol on the Pituitary–Adrenal Axis and Pineal Gland in Male Rats","authors":"E. N. İnkaya,&nbsp;E. Tokgöz,&nbsp;N. Barlas","doi":"10.1111/bcpt.70003","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bcpt.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The pineal gland secretes melatonin, which regulates various physiological processes; damage to this gland disrupts these functions. This study aimed to investigate the effect of nonylphenol on the pineal gland and the pituitary–adrenal axis, which is associated with this system. The study was initiated using Wistar albino male rats on their postnatal 21st day, a critical developmental stage for endocrine regulation. Nonylphenol was administered via oral gavage at doses of 5, 25 and 125 mg/kg/day, while bisphenol-A was given at 50 mg/kg/day as a positive control. At the end of the treatment period, liver, kidney, pituitary, pineal and adrenal tissues were examined histopathologically. Hormone levels were analysed in serum samples. Significant changes in adrenocorticotropic hormone, melatonin and aldosterone levels were detected in hormone analyses. In contrast, no differences in corticosterone and glucose levels were detected. Histopathological findings showed structural changes in tissues. The effects of nonylphenol on the pituitary–adrenal axis and melatonin vary depending on the experimental protocols employed. However, it is clear that nonylphenol and bisphenol A have negative effects on the pituitary–adrenal axis, pineal gland, liver and kidney. In conclusion, future research should focus on elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects and developing environmentally friendly strategies to eliminate nonylphenol and bisphenol-A contamination.</p>","PeriodicalId":8733,"journal":{"name":"Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":"136 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11783352/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143063454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing Improper Medicine Storage Practices: Commentary on Louhisalmi et  al.'s Study","authors":"Shu-Wen Cheng,&nbsp;Lien-Chung Wei","doi":"10.1111/bcpt.70005","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bcpt.70005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8733,"journal":{"name":"Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":"136 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143045500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma NGAL, suPAR, KIM-1 and GDF-15 for Improving Glomerular Filtration Rate Estimation in Older Hospitalized Patients","authors":"Morten Baltzer Houlind,&nbsp;Alberte Linnet Nielsen,&nbsp;Anne Byriel Walls,&nbsp;Louise Westberg Strejby Christensen,&nbsp;Rikke Lundsgaard Nielsen,&nbsp;Aino Andersen,&nbsp;Baker Nawfal Jawad,&nbsp;Ove Andersen,&nbsp;Morten Damgaard,&nbsp;Esben Iversen,&nbsp;Juliette Tavenier,&nbsp;Helle Gybel Juul-Larsen","doi":"10.1111/bcpt.70002","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bcpt.70002","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Accurate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation is crucial for diagnosing kidney disease and prescribing renal risk medications [&lt;span&gt;1-3&lt;/span&gt;]. In clinical practice, estimated GFR (eGFR) is typically determined by plasma creatinine levels adjusted for age and sex (eGFR&lt;sub&gt;cre&lt;/sub&gt;) [&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;]. However, creatinine is an imperfect metric of GFR, particularly in older (age ≥ 65 years) hospitalized patients, due to age-related changes in non-GFR factors such as muscle mass and nutritional status that affect creatinine level [&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;]. The addition of cystatin C to creatinine (eGFR&lt;sub&gt;comb&lt;/sub&gt;) improves the accuracy of GFR estimates for older hospitalized patients, but there remains a large and unpredictable margin of error compared with measured GFR (mGFR) [&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;mGFR is not feasible for large-scale use due to its complexity, underscoring the need for alternative biomarkers to improve GFR estimation. We previously reported that the addition of β-trace protein (BTP) and β2-microglobulin (B2M) (eGFR&lt;sub&gt;panel&lt;/sub&gt;) did not substantially improve accuracy beyond eGFR&lt;sub&gt;comb&lt;/sub&gt;, so we considered other novel biomarkers that may reflect kidney function. We are currently evaluating the utility of neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin (NGAL), soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) as early diagnostic and prognostic tools for acutely hospitalized patients. Elevated levels of these biomarkers have been associated with accelerated GFR decline [&lt;span&gt;6-9&lt;/span&gt;]; therefore, we hypothesized that they may improve the accuracy of GFR estimates for older hospitalized patients.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The study was carried out in compliance with the guidelines set by the Basic &amp; Clinical Pharmacology &amp; Toxicology policy for experimental and clinical research [&lt;span&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;]. This is a post-hoc analysis of data from a previously described study of GFR performance [&lt;span&gt;5, 11&lt;/span&gt;] based on data from the umbrella ‘OptiNAM’ clinical trial [&lt;span&gt;12&lt;/span&gt;]. The study included older Caucasian patients admitted to the Emergency Department at Hvidovre Hospital in Denmark. All patients provided informed written consent, and the clinical trial was approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board (H-18023853) and the Danish Data Protection Agency (H-18023853) and registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03741283). Additional details, including eligibility criteria, are described elsewhere [&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;]. Importantly, patients in this study were excluded because of dialysis, clinical signs of ascites or edema, prior amputation, use of immunosuppressants or acute kidney injury [&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In total, data was analysed for 106 older hospitalized patients (median age 78 years, 43% male). The median body mass index was 26.0 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, the median mGFR was 62.9 mL/min/1.73 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, 49% of patients had hypertension and","PeriodicalId":8733,"journal":{"name":"Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":"136 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11771596/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143045504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gossypin Ameliorates Collagen-Induced Arthritic Rats by Inhibiting Angiogenesis, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress","authors":"Caiyou He,&nbsp;Ankit Kumar","doi":"10.1111/bcpt.14128","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bcpt.14128","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term inflammatory autoimmune disease that damages cartilage and synovial membranes while also affecting bones and joints. The aim of the current study was to investigate the antiarthritic effect of gossypin against collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Intraperitoneal administration of Type II collagen (2 mg/mL) was used to induce arthritis in the rats, followed by oral administration of gossypin (5, 10 and 15 mg/kg) for 28 days. Various parameters were assessed, including body weight, paw swelling, arthritis score, organ weights, RF, haematological parameters, inflammatory markers, MMP levels, antioxidants, cytokines and nonhepatic and hepatic liver parameters. Additionally, the expression of various mRNAs was analysed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Gossypin significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) altered the body weight, paw swelling, arthritis score and organ weights along with RF level. Gossypin treatment significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) altered the level of antioxidant and hepatic parameters; inflammatory cytokines; and inflammatory parameters such as PGE2, COX-2, NF-κB and VEGF, respectively. Gossypin also enhanced the level of HO-1 and Nrf2 and suppressed the level of MMP parameters such as MMP-2, MMP-3 and MMP-9. Gossypin also modified the mRNA expression of MMP-3, MMP-9, TRAP, RANK, Ctsk and RANKL, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Gossypin demonstrated antiarthritic effects against CIA in rats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8733,"journal":{"name":"Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":"136 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143057876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Cannabidiol's Protective Effects on Cadmium-Induced Toxicity in Mice","authors":"Serkan Sahin,&nbsp;Tulay Mortas,&nbsp;Ahmet Muderrisoglu,&nbsp;Vugar Ali Turksoy","doi":"10.1111/bcpt.14131","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bcpt.14131","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Current chelation treatments used for cadmium poisoning may cause some serious side effects. Thus, safer novel treatments could be promising for clinical use. This study evaluated the effects of cannabidiol on Cd toxicity. Four groups of 10 mice were formed: Groups I and III were cadmium-free, while groups II and IV received 50 mg/L cadmium in drinking water. Groups III and IV received daily cannabidiol (25 mg/kg) via intragastric gavage. After 30 days, the animals were killed, and blood and tissue samples were collected. Oxidative stress and inflammation markers, including glutathione, catalase, myeloperoxidase, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, were analysed using ELISA. Additionally, histological evaluations of the liver, kidney and testis were performed. Cadmium exposure reduced glutathione and catalase levels in the blood, liver, kidney and testis, while increasing myeloperoxidase. Cannabidiol mitigated these effects on oxidative stress markers. Cannabidiol also reduced the increase in proinflammatory cytokines. Histopathological analysis revealed reduced liver and kidney damage in cannabidiol-treated groups compared to cadmium-only groups. In addition, histopathological evaluation showed CBD had no protective effect on the testicular tissue against Cd toxicity. Our results indicate that cannabidiol protects against some toxic effects of cadmium. If confirmed by future studies, cannabidiol may be proposed as a novel treatment for cadmium toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8733,"journal":{"name":"Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":"136 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11745803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analgesic Overdose in Patients With Dental Pain. A Cross-Sectional Study in Two Dental Emergency Clinics","authors":"Sofie Krahl Larsen,&nbsp;Merete Markvart,&nbsp;Rasmus Søndenbroe,&nbsp;Kim Dalhoff,&nbsp;Simon Storgård Jensen","doi":"10.1111/bcpt.14124","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bcpt.14124","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dental pain is common, and many patients use analgesics to alleviate the pain. Analgesics are readily accessible, and overdosing may lead to severe complications. This study explores the extent of analgesic overdosing in patients with dental pain. Data were collected from two dental emergency clinics in Copenhagen, Denmark, via questionnaires and interviews with 180 patients. Results showed that 82.8% (<i>n</i> = 149) had taken at least one type of analgesic, and 9% (<i>n</i> = 15) had exceeded the recommended maximum dosage. Of all patients with dental pain, 75.6% (<i>n</i> = 136) used paracetamol, 54.4% (<i>n</i> = 98) ibuprofen, 10% (<i>n</i> = 18) opioids, and 11.1% (<i>n</i> = 20) other types of analgesics. Most frequently, the pain was of pulpal origin (<i>n</i> = 119; 66.1%). Of all analgesics used, most were obtained places where guidance should be available, for example, pharmacies, dental clinics or hospitals (<i>n</i> = 152; 54%). The patients were aware of the recommended maximum daily dosage for paracetamol and ibuprofen in 39% (<i>n</i> = 70) and 41% (<i>n</i> = 73) of the cases, respectively. In conclusion, most patients with dental pain use analgesics to alleviate their pain. A substantial proportion of these patients overdose themselves, potentially putting them at risk of severe systemic complications. This study highlights the need for better patient education and safer pain management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8733,"journal":{"name":"Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":"136 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11742470/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}