Grissel Trujillo-de Santiago, Matías José Lobo-Zegers, Silvia Lorena Montes-Fonseca, Yu Shrike Zhang, Mario Moisés Alvarez
{"title":"Gut-microbiota-on-a-chip: an enabling field for physiological research.","authors":"Grissel Trujillo-de Santiago, Matías José Lobo-Zegers, Silvia Lorena Montes-Fonseca, Yu Shrike Zhang, Mario Moisés Alvarez","doi":"10.21037/mps.2018.09.01","DOIUrl":"10.21037/mps.2018.09.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Overwhelming scientific evidence today confirms that the gut microbiota is a central player in human health. Knowledge about interactions between human gut microbiota and human health has evolved rapidly in the last decade, based on experimental work involving analysis of human fecal samples or animal models (mainly rodents). A more detailed and cost-effective description of this interplay is now being enabled by the use of in vitro systems (i.e., gut-microbiota-on-chip systems) that recapitulate key aspects of the interaction between microbiota and human cells. Here, we review recent examples of the design and use of pioneering on-chip platforms for the study of the cross-talk between representative members of human microbiota and human microtissues. In these systems, the combined use of state-of-the-art microfluidics, biomaterials, cell culture techniques, classical microbiology, and a touch of genetic expression profiling have converged for the development of gut-on-chip platforms capable of recreating key features of the interplay between human microbiota and host human tissues. We foresee that the integration of novel microfabrication techniques and stem cell technologies will further accelerate the development of more complex and physiologically relevant microbiota-on-chip platforms. In turn, this will foster the faster acquisition of knowledge regarding human microbiota and will enable important advances in the understanding of how to control or prevent disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":87327,"journal":{"name":"Microphysiological systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8096182/pdf/nihms-1693733.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38874029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qiang Zhang, Linda Sito, Mao Mao, Jiankang He, Yu Shrike Zhang, Xin Zhao
{"title":"Current advances in skin-on-a-chip models for drug testing.","authors":"Qiang Zhang, Linda Sito, Mao Mao, Jiankang He, Yu Shrike Zhang, Xin Zhao","doi":"10.21037/mps.2018.08.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/mps.2018.08.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Skin-on-a-chip models are highly desirable in drug testing compared to conventional 2D cell culture and animal models as they can replicate organ-specific 3D structural organization and physiological functions at a relatively low cost. To engineer a physiologically relevant skin model, human skin structures have been integrated onto microfluidic platforms to construct skin-on-a-chip systems that can mimic the complex <i>in vivo</i> situation. In this mini-review, we first briefly introduce some critical technologies employed to develop <i>in vitro</i> skin-on-a-chip models. We then review the applications of the state-of-the-art skin-on-a-chip models in drug testing, with a focus on using models of full-thickness skin equivalents (FTSEs), skin models with additional components such as vasculature, immune cells and hair follicles as well as multi-organ-on-a-chip models. Finally, we discuss some current challenges and future directions of development of complex, and in vivo-like skin-on-a-chip models.</p>","PeriodicalId":87327,"journal":{"name":"Microphysiological systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21037/mps.2018.08.01","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25316624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Santoni, Tackla Winston, Plansky Hoang, Zhen Ma
{"title":"Microsystems for electromechanical stimulations to engineered cardiac tissues","authors":"S. Santoni, Tackla Winston, Plansky Hoang, Zhen Ma","doi":"10.21037/MPS.2018.11.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/MPS.2018.11.01","url":null,"abstract":"Thousandsof new cases of myocardial infarctions (MI) emerge each year. The destructivenature of MI can cause irreparable damage to cardiac tissue so severe that 10%of survivors die within two years from their initial MI and only 50% ofsurvivors live beyond 10 years. Advances in human induced pluripotent stem cell(hiPSC) technology has offered unprecedented possibilities in cardiac tissueengineering for regenerative medicine. However, engineering physiologicallyfunctional adult cardiac tissue has been a challenge. Cardiomyocytes (CMs)organically rely on both mechanical and electrical stimulation to contractsimultaneously and grow effectively, meaning that the mechanisms used tostimulate stem cell-derived CMs in vitro is critical to CM development.Microsystems that more accurately mimic the complex in vivo environmentthrough electromechanical stimulation have been found to produce healthier CMs.This review analyzes the applications, benefits, and drawbacks to the mostpopular microphysiological systems (MPS) used for mechanical and electricalstimulation. Stimulation from these microsystems consistently produced CMs withhealthier and mature characteristics.","PeriodicalId":87327,"journal":{"name":"Microphysiological systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21037/MPS.2018.11.01","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49638218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integrating Mass Spectrometry with Microphysiological Systems for Improved Neurochemical Studies.","authors":"Emily G Tillmaand, Jonathan V Sweedler","doi":"10.21037/mps.2018.05.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/mps.2018.05.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microphysiological systems, often referred to as \"organs-on-chips\", are <i>in vitro</i> platforms designed to model the spatial, chemical, structural, and physiological elements of <i>in vivo</i> cellular environments. They enhance the evaluation of complex engineered biological systems and are a step between traditional cell culture and <i>in vivo</i> experimentation. As neurochemists and measurement scientists studying the molecules involved in intercellular communication in the nervous system, we focus here on recent advances in neuroscience using microneurological systems and their potential to interface with mass spectrometry. We discuss a number of examples - microfluidic devices, spheroid cultures, hydrogels, scaffolds, and fibers - highlighting those that would benefit from mass spectrometric technologies to obtain improved chemical information.</p>","PeriodicalId":87327,"journal":{"name":"Microphysiological systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21037/mps.2018.05.01","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36428303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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