Infectious diseases and therapeutics最新文献

{"title":"An End of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Sight?","authors":"E. Steele, R. Gorczynski, R. Lindley, G. Tokoro, D. Wallis, R. Temple, N. C. Wickramasinghe","doi":"10.31038/idt.2021222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31038/idt.2021222","url":null,"abstract":"We have set out to assess the data on the intensity of the COVID-19 pandemic with a view to making plausible predictions of its decline. A plot of \"% COVID-19 Associated Death per Day” versus the timing and extent of the roll out of national vaccination campaigns in Sweden, Denmark, Netherlands, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy and USA shows that the decline in the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic was well advanced noticeably before vaccinations began or could have become a significant contributory factor. Israel is an outlier in its manifest decline pattern, yet the data also demonstrate that vaccination has had no discernible impact at all on % Deaths per Day in Israel. © 2022 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.","PeriodicalId":87272,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases and therapeutics","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73482908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting Viral mRNA Translation Control as a New Concept for Anti-Virus Therapeutic Strategies","authors":"","doi":"10.31038/idt.2021221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31038/idt.2021221","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87272,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases and therapeutics","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84173324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 Sudden Outbreak of Mystery Case Transmissions in Victoria, Australia, May-June 2021: Strong Evidence of Tropospheric Transport of Human Passaged Infective Virions from the Indian Epidemic","authors":"E. Steele, R. Gorczynski, Patrick Carnegie, G. Tokoro, D. Wallis, R. Temple, Milton, Wainwright, N. Wickramasinghe","doi":"10.31038/idt.2021214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31038/idt.2021214","url":null,"abstract":"A sudden yet very small outbreak of COVID-19 mystery community transmissions occurred in a defined arc across the inner Western and outer Northern suburbs of Melbourne in May-June 2021. An infection zone that could be 1000 km2 in size. These sudden outbreaks of genuine mystery cases could not be traced to any direct infected contacts nor could they be directly genomically linked to any known infection clusters (e.g. among infected international travellers in hotel quarantine). In response the Government of Victoria on the recommendation of the Chief Medical Officer and the Victorian Department of Health locked down the entire State of Victoria in an extreme Stage 4 emergency. As a consequence, large numbers of PCR COVID-19 tests on oro-nasal swabs were conducted (> 30, 000 per day at peak) and all positives quarantined at home, a directive enforced by police and in some cases the Australian Army. Citizens were neither allowed to leave Melbourne nor from Victoria to any other State of Australia. Contact tracing was conducted on a very large scale by teams of experienced tracers. Several sudden mystery outbreaks continued to occur despite the lock-down on people movements. This included restriction of numbers of visitors at homes, crowd-size limitations, curtailment of sporting events, school closures, mandatory mask wearing, and personal tracking of all individuals in shops and supermarkets (via a personal \"QR” digital tracking system linked to mobile phones or via written personal contact statements at store or shop entry). Many of the COVID-19 variants of concern (PANGO classification) were clearly mature human-passaged virions, many of which have been identified in the current and very large 2nd Wave Indian epidemic. We show here there is plausible strong evidence that a heterogeneous set of these \"Indian” variants may have been transported by prevailing tropospheric global wind systems via the Indian Ocean and Southern Ocean (Roaring Forties West to East on the 40o S Latitude line) to Victoria, Australia. There is much precedent for such global wind transportations in the history of past Influenza virus pandemics in the last 100 years and the present observations relating to COVID-19 events in Australia are discussed in that context. © 2022 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.","PeriodicalId":87272,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases and therapeutics","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76187399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep Disturbance and COVID-19: An Epidemic Inside the Pandemic","authors":"L. Spicuzza","doi":"10.31038/idt.2021211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31038/idt.2021211","url":null,"abstract":"occurrence Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic is challenging the world affecting heavily people’s mental health. The psychological consequences of this pandemic include depressive symptoms, anxiety, worry, and loneliness due to home confinement during lockdowns. A good sleep quality is essential to face this stressing condition, nevertheless one of the first complaint reported by the population, soon after the onset of the pandemic in China, was sleep disturbance. A large amount of work has now evidenced that sleep disturbance related to the pandemic affects more than one third of the population of both sexes across all involved countries. Very young people and the elderly are particularly affected by this problem. Anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder are strictly associated with sleep disturbance. As risk of suicide has increased during the pandemic, insomnia has also been proven to be a cause of suicidal ideation. The strict confinement measures adopted by most countries to tackle the outbreak have also contribute to create a sense of disorientation among people and to change their sleep habits. Poor sleep quality reduces daytime functioning and mental resources. These effects can have dramatic consequences in the general public, but more specifically in health care workers, now facing the most stressful experience right in the center of this catastrophe. In this article we review available evidence on the impact of COVID-19 on people’s quality of sleep and on the occurrence of sleep disturbance in different subsets of the population, analyzing also risk factors determining insomnia and the consequences of this dreadful condition.","PeriodicalId":87272,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases and therapeutics","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86994527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Communicable Diseases in Homo sapiens for Immunologists","authors":"Davies Ajs","doi":"10.31038/idt.2020122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31038/idt.2020122","url":null,"abstract":"using analytic methodology, of eliciting a specific antibody response without overloading the responsive system. There has also often been only restricted means of following the physiological consequences of the activation of the large numbers of the cells which are part of the overall immunological processes including, importantly, non-specific activation of the innate system following the creation of dead dying and damaged cells as a consequence of infection.","PeriodicalId":87272,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases and therapeutics","volume":"350 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76575888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are the Consequences of Gastrointestinal Infections of SARS-CoV-2 Underestimated?","authors":"K. Hilpert","doi":"10.31038/idt.2020121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31038/idt.2020121","url":null,"abstract":"in the same epithelia cell the the 53% tested for SARS-CoV-2 in a the respiratory samples remained positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA for a mean of 16.7 days (SD 6.7) and faecal samples remained positive for a mean of 27.9 days (SD 10.7) after first symptom onset verified in a number of additional in and asymptomatic, mild and severe COVID-19 patients. al. from released from after recovery 10% were still for SARS-CoV-2","PeriodicalId":87272,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases and therapeutics","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89799768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thoughts of an Immunobiologist about Covid-19","authors":"Tony Davies","doi":"10.31038/idt.2020115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31038/idt.2020115","url":null,"abstract":"instinctively, or by learning, using aspects of our five senses, to avoid potential harm and what can either be pleasant or useful. Deployment of the five senses is similar in most vertebrates. In addition to the five basic senses, concerned directly with responses to environmental changes, there are internal more arcane senses which are also interface regulatory devices, operating either to protect us from danger or beneficially to enhance our life experiences. Some of these inner senses relate to such interactions as are involved with our responses to Covid-19 which we cannot see, smell, hear, taste or sense by touch. The inner senses are complex and include what are usually called the immune responses. The immune responses are widely believed, in a variety of ways, to be protective and to involve a non-cognitive learning element, referred to by many professional immunologists as immunologic memory. As far as protection is concerned this seems sensible in what can be seen as a hostile world that, following the thinking of Charles Darwin, Tennyson wrote of as ‘Nature, red in tooth and claw’. The whole concept of ‘immune’ implies ‘not affected by’. Wikipedia gives the meaning of ‘immune’ as ‘resistant to a particular infection or toxin owing to the presence of specific antibodies or sensitized white blood cells’. This definition could be thought largely to ignore one of the basic defense mechanisms of the body the innate immune response. Abstract Attention is drawn to the existence of two very different facets of the immune processes operating consequent upon infection; Innate, a primitive mechanism which is quick acting and which plays a major part in inflammatory processes, and Adaptive, a mechanism that is slower to deliver elements specifically adapted from its recognition of the foreign invader. The cytokine storms that can be a harmful outcome of the response to infection derive initially from components of the innate immune system which, in addition to responding to foreignness, are activated by dead and/or dying cells of the infected host. It is suggested that although attack on the invading virus, by, say vaccination, seems the logical way to reduce the consequences of infection, it could be that exploration of the immunopathological effects of invasion could also help to specify means to reduce their impact. In particular it is suggested that prebiotics, orally ingested materials that can have beneficial effects on the gut micro biota, may be able beneficially to modify potentially harmful patterns of inflammation. In addition attention is drawn to the possibly exacerbating role of CRP an acute phase protein for which antagonists have been devised which could also help to reduce immunopathology.","PeriodicalId":87272,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases and therapeutics","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84468119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Crisis to a New Routine","authors":"","doi":"10.31038/idt.2020113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31038/idt.2020113","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87272,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases and therapeutics","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87363261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alveolar Macrophages in Influenza A Infection Guarding the Castle with Sleeping Dragons.","authors":"Lindsay Somerville, Amber Cardani, Thomas J Braciale","doi":"10.31038/idt.2020114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31038/idt.2020114","url":null,"abstract":"Despite major advances in influenza vaccination and flu-prevention community awareness campaigns, Influenza A virus (IAV) remains a worldwide and recurring threat [1, 2]. Seasonal influenza causes 3-5 million cases of severe respiratory and systemic illness and upwards of 650,000 deaths annually, particularly among the elderly, very young, and chronically ill [3]. Countless hours of missed school and work have significant economic consequences [4, 5]. In pandemic years, morbidity and mortality soars, especially among the young [6, 7].","PeriodicalId":87272,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases and therapeutics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7935064/pdf/nihms-1662418.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25455686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment and Management in the Corona Virus Crisis: Think outside the Box While inside the Box","authors":"","doi":"10.31038/idt.2020112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31038/idt.2020112","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87272,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases and therapeutics","volume":"58 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77754773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}