Infectious diseases and therapeutics最新文献

{"title":"Commentary on “The Clinical Syndromes Produced by the Offensive Biological Agents”","authors":"B. Cîrciumaru","doi":"10.31038/idt.2024515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31038/idt.2024515","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87272,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases and therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141832418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Multiple Sclerosis: Proactive Approach in a Vulnerable Patient Group through Daily Vitamin D Supplementation?","authors":"","doi":"10.31038/idt.2024512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31038/idt.2024512","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87272,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases and therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140459311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Febrile Neutropenia in Pediatric Oncology: Prevalence and Risk-Factors for Bacterial and Fungal Infection","authors":"MD Mike Winstead, Jolene Won, Molly Szuminski, Holly Pariury, Jennifer Michlitsch, Anurag Agrawal","doi":"10.31038/idt.2024511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31038/idt.2024511","url":null,"abstract":"Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a frequent complication pediatric cancer treatment and is associated with serious infections and death. Most FN episodes resolve without a diagnosable infection, however, which leads to ongoing interest in the epidemiology of infection among children with chemotherapy-induced FN and risk factors for serious bacterial or fungal infection. We retrospectively studied 199 consecutive episodes of FN in a cohort of children with cancer at an American tertiary care hospital. Median age of the cohort was 6.1 years (range 0.3 to 24.1), and the most common diagnoses were acute leukemia and brain tumors. At least one bacterial or fungal infection complicated 43 episodes (21.6%), most commonly Gram-positive bacteremia. Invasive fungal infections complicated 2.5% of episodes, most commonly involving the lung. Overall mortality was 1% and infection-related mortality was 0.5%. Most infections were diagnosed within 4 days of fever onset. To evaluate risk factors for bacterial or fungal infection we conducted a nested case-control analysis. Odds of infection were higher in children with trisomy 21 or acute myeloid leukemia, although these associations did not meet statistical significance. Odds of infection were significantly higher if children had a prior history of a bacterial or fungal infection. Children with FN may benefit from initial close observation, but prolonged hospitalization may be unnecessary, especially for those who do not have a prior history of infection.","PeriodicalId":87272,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases and therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140461528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community and Home Based Palliative Care Services: The Key to Equitable Access to Healthcare Services","authors":"Anne Merriman, Rose Kiwanuka, Michael Silbermann, Dianah Basirika","doi":"10.31038/idt.2023412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31038/idt.2023412","url":null,"abstract":"Community and home based palliative care services are gaining more recognition especially now where primary health care is important for equitable access to healthcare services. Hospice Africa Uganda has exemplified the use of community and homebased care services to reach to the underprivileged populations and this approach is being adopted by a community initiative called, Lweza Community Health Program to promote primary health care. Through this approach, patients with serious illness including those with infectious diseases have been identified, initiated on treatment and are being followed up in the community. This approach has helped to bridge the divide between the rich and the poor but also helped to address other social-cultural factors which influence the health of individuals and communities. It is hoped that the community initiative will become a model for many communities in Africa to improve equitable access to healthcare services in communities.","PeriodicalId":87272,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases and therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79693046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic Hepatitis B and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Novel Therapeutic Concepts","authors":"Hubert E. Blum","doi":"10.31038/idt.2023322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31038/idt.2023322","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a partially double-stranded hepatotropic DNA virus that currently infects about 4% of the population worldwide (ca. 296 million people) with the highest prevalence in Asia and Africa and more than half a million deaths annually. Clinically, HBV infection can be asymptomatic with normal or near normal aminotransferase levels or with elevated alanine aminotransferase levels, significant necroinflammation and eventually progression to advanced liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Indications for treatment of chronic hepatitis B are HBV DNA levels >2000 IU per milliliter and liver cirrhosis. Different from the now available curative oral therapies of chronic hepatitis C by direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs), to date there exists no curative therapeutic strategy for chronic hepatitis B. Therefore, multiple new investigational therapeutic antiviral concepts are currently explored. Globally, HCC is the sixth most diagnosed cancer and the third leading cancer-related death in 2020. The management of HCC is complex and depends on the stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis. HCC is largely chemotherapy-resistant and no systemic treatments improved survival until recently. In the early 2000s HCC treatment was revolutionized by sorafenib, a modestly effective orally available tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). In 2018 levantinib was also approved as first-line treatment, followed by several antiangiogenic agents, including among others regorafinib, ramucirumab, and cabozantinib as second-line treatments. Unfortunately, 5-year overall survival of advanced or metastatic disease is still <10%. Therefore, numerous clinical trials are ongoing, assessing immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in combination with each other or with targeted agents in the treatment of HCCs. Further, ICI incorporation into the treatment of very early-stage HCC by resection or ablation may lower recurrence rate or even cure these patients.","PeriodicalId":87272,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases and therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76619682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wilyman Report on Vaccines: How do We Handle the Next Pandemic, Small, Large or ‘Predicted’?","authors":"E. Steele","doi":"10.31038/idt.2022321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31038/idt.2022321","url":null,"abstract":"Censorship exercised on scale during the Covid-19 pandemic has actively suppressed the wide circulation of legitimate scientific inquiry, critical analysis and discussion. Together with the vaccination failure itself, as foreshadow by Judy Wilyman, the officially sanctioned censorship is now the No.1 issue of our time. It has involved the lockstep behaviour of BigPharma, main stream media, BigTech, governments, peak medical, scientific and public health authorities. How did this happen? What are the well spring roots of this extraordinary co-ordinated active suppression of legitimate alternative viewpoints and data analysis in science and medicine?","PeriodicalId":87272,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases and therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85872408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Latin-American Ethnicity with an Increase in Weight in an HIV-Infected Outpatient Population","authors":"M. C. Jiménez, Victoria Alcázar Lázaro, R. T. Perea","doi":"10.31038/idt.2022312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31038/idt.2022312","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To explore weight gain in regular practice involving naïve patients, those who continue the same treatment for at least 6 months or those who changed their antiretroviral treatment. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients followed-up between 2013 and 2019. This study included 3 groups of participants (naïve patients, those who had been on viral suppression for more than 6 months, and those with a treatment change). Results: 317 people living with HIV (PLHIV) participated. The proportion of participants in the overweight and obese categories increased over time, from 40 to 43% and from 9.46% to 12.43% respectively. Proportion of metabolic syndrome increased overtime from 3.79 to 6.22%. Stratification by both sex and ethnicity, showed the greatest weight gain among Latin male. Considering the risk factors for HIV infection, men that had sex with men (MSM) and heterosexual patients gained 2.03 (95% CI, 0.42-3.65; p =0.013) and 1.57 (95% CI 0.12-3.02; p =0.034) kg more than those who were former intravenous kg Elvitegravir suggest that there are demographic, HIV and treatment related contributors to weight gain in PLHIV. Latin-American ethnic associated gain, in male sex. We could not find any association of weight gain with sex, age or group of treatment six months or change of We found boosted PI-based regimens, LPV/r, EVG/c and RPV, and TAF among nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) associated with the gain. clinical maintenance healthy weight implement for patients starting treatment but also for those with a long experience in antiretroviral treatment.","PeriodicalId":87272,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases and therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86957610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic as January-February 2022: Likely Cometary Origin, Global Spread, Prospects for Future Vaccine Efficacy","authors":"E. Steele, R. Gorczynski, R. Lindley, P. Carnegie, H. Rebhran, S. Al-Mufti, D. Wallis, G. Tokoro, R. Temple, A. Nimalasuriya, G. A. Howard, M. Gillman, M. Wainwright, S. Coulson, P. Slijepcevic, M. Wallis, A. Kondakov, N. C. Wickramasinghe","doi":"10.31038/idt.2022311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31038/idt.2022311","url":null,"abstract":"As the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is nearing its eventual end we focus on what we believe are two key omissions from the mainstream scientific literature and which have significant implications for how mankind manages the next global pandemic. We therefore review data, observations, analyses and conclusions from our series of papers published through 2020 and 2021 on its likely cometary origin and global spread. We also revisit our long held understanding of the superior effectiveness of intra-nasal vaccines against respiratory tract pathogens that involve induction of dimeric secretory IgA antibodies. While these two oversights seem disparate, together they provide us with new insights into our collective awareness of how we might view and address the next global pandemic. We begin with our hypothesis of the likely cometary origin of the SARS-CoV-2 virus via a bolide strike in the stratosphere on the night of October 11 2019 on the 40o N line over Jilin in NE China. Further global spread most likely occurred via prevailing wind systems transporting both the pristine cometary virus followed by continuing strikes from the same primary source as well as prior human-passaged virus transmitted by person to person spread and through contaminated dust in global wind systems. We also include a discussion of our prior work on data relating to vaccine protective efficacy. Finally we review the totality of evidence concerning the likely origin and global spread of the predominant variants of the virus ‘Omicron' (+Delta mix?) from early to mid-December 2021 and extending into the first week January 2022. We describe the striking data showing the large numbers of infectious cases per day and outline the scale of what appears to be a global pandemic phenomenon, the causes of which are unclear and not completely understood. Firstly, these essentially simultaneous and sudden global-wide epidemic COVID-19 out breaks, appear to be largely correlated with events external to the Earth, probably causing globally correlated precipitation events. They appear related broadly to \"Space Weather” events that render the Earth vulnerable to cosmic pandemic pathogen attack particularly during times of the minima of the Sunspot Solar Cycle which we are now currently passing through. Secondly, we argue that these sudden global-wide epidemic outbreaks of COVID-19 are specifically largely influenced by global wind transport and deposition mechanisms, the physics of which we need to further explore and comprehend. We conclude on an optimistic note for mankind. Given our prior knowledge of the effectiveness against respiratory tract pathogens of mucosal immunity involving induction of dimeric secretory IgA antibodies, we consider that the recently published intra-nasal vaccine data from laboratories based at the University of California, San Francisco and, independently at Yale University. These latter studies hold out great promise for the future development of both panspecific and spec","PeriodicalId":87272,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases and therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80003294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cometary Origin of COVID-19","authors":"E. Steele, R. Gorczynski, R. Lindley, G. Tokoro, D. Wallis, R. Temple, N. Wickramasinghe","doi":"10.31038/idt.2021212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31038/idt.2021212","url":null,"abstract":"The evidence for the cometary origin then rapid global spread of COVID-19 through 2020 is critically reviewed. We outline why it is an alternative plausible scientific explanation to the current bat/pangolin animal jump theories. In our view this explanation is consistent with all the available temporal unfolding scientific data (genomic, immunologic, epidemiologic, geophysical, astrophysical and astrobiological). Thus COVID-19 arrived as infective cryopreserved virions in cometary meteoritic dust clouds from space in a bolide strike in the stratosphere over China on October 11 2019. Prevailing high-level and low-level wind systems then globally distributed the infective viral dust clouds, striking different regions at different times. Given this possibility, a new space challenge for mankind is to develop near-Earth early warning biological surveillance (and mitigation) systems for incoming cosmic in-falls of micro-organisms and viruses from the cometary dust and meteorite streams that our planet routinely encounters as it orbits the Sun. © 2022 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.","PeriodicalId":87272,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases and therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75039784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploding Five COVID-19 Myths on its Origin, Global Spread and Immunity","authors":"E. Steele, R. Gorczynski, H. Rebhan, G. Tokoro, D. Wallis, R. Temple, N. C. Wickramasinghe","doi":"10.31038/idt.2021223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31038/idt.2021223","url":null,"abstract":"By critically analysing and exploding the key foundation myths that have arisen around the origin, mode of spread and immunity on COVID-19 we lay out the evidence and critical arguments supporting an immediate end to all COVID-19 justified lockdowns. These emergency laws, invoked by many previously free and democratic societies, involve social distancing, obligatory wearing of masks, limited crowd sizes and gatherings (funerals, weddings, religious gatherings, sporting fixtures etc), the closures of schools and many small and large businesses not deemed necessary to containing the virus, border closures, and thus free travel movements, domestic and international. The basic premise in all these dictums is that the primary mechanism of spread of COVID-19 is assumed via person-to-person contacts only. We show this premise to be false. Our recommendations are anchored in the key relevant evidence and observations of the past two years gathered by us and published in a series of papers through 2020 and 2021. Our analysis documents the plausible putative first cause to the arrival of COVID-19 from space in a carbonaceous meteorite bolide in the stratosphere over China on October 11 2019;and then its blanket China-wide viral-laden meteorite dust contamination through November-December 2019 followed by further global dispersal of these viral-laden meteorite dust clouds by prevailing stratospheric and tropospheric wind systems, including human passaged virus aerosol-plumes adding to lower level (tropospheric) viral laden clouds. We explain why all lockdowns of any type cannot possibly work in principle against viral dispersal and transportation of this type - emergence of new clusters of disease, with poor evidence of connectivity through contact, clearly does not support person-to-person infections as the primary cause of spread. The initiation of mass infective events (\"Mystery Cases”) in each regional and localised COVID-19 epidemic is caused by unsuspecting victims most likely catching the virus by rubbing up against a virus contaminated environment. We also deal with the efficacy of current vaccination roll outs on population-wide scales. It is most unfortunate that currently available mRNA expression vector vaccines, delivered by the intramuscular route (\"Jab in the Arm”), may not only be dangerous in inducing many putative adverse reactions as their human safety is untested, they also cannot protect in principle against common cold and other respiratory pathogen infections like COVID-19 that arrive via the oral-nasal route. That evidence is discussed along with our recommendations for mankind's preparedness for future suddenly emerging pandemics of this type. © 2022 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.","PeriodicalId":87272,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases and therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87733459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}