Global journal of pediatrics & neonatal care最新文献

{"title":"A Review on Common Anthelmintics in Childhood","authors":"E. Dias","doi":"10.33552/gjpnc.2020.02.000533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/gjpnc.2020.02.000533","url":null,"abstract":"Anthelmintics are medications that are used to treat worm-infested diseases. This comprises both flat worms e.g., flukes and tapeworms and round worms, i.e., nematodes. They are of big significance for human and veterinary medicine. Most diseases caused by helminths are chronic, debilitating in nature, they undoubtedly cause additional morbidity, higher economic and social hardship among humans and animals than the other parasites. As of late the use of anthelmintics produces lethality in people. Subsequently the advancement and revelation of new substances going about as anthelmintics are being inferred through plants which are believed to be the best inventory of bioactive substances. Anthelmintics are those medications that are utilized to oust the worms that are parasitic in nature by either stunning them or by executing them. They are furthermore called as vermifuges or vermicides. The Anthelmintics drug treatment ought to be utilized in chemotherapy programs in those areas wherever clinical help is dispersed and wherever drugs are very much endured in people.","PeriodicalId":87261,"journal":{"name":"Global journal of pediatrics & neonatal care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42337887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mismanagement of Antibiotics in Neonatal Medicine","authors":"A. Sola","doi":"10.33552/gjpnc.2020.02.000532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/gjpnc.2020.02.000532","url":null,"abstract":"Unreasonable use of antibiotics occurs in about 25-30% of the population. The neonatal period is among the highest group where antibiotic abuse occurs, as high as 40% in some hospitals. This is particularly apparent in newborn intensive care units (NICU), where 70-80% of the admitted infants receive antibiotics. The main motive for this is that clinicians suspect neonatal sepsis very frequently, but only about 3-5% or less of the time infants have blood culture proven sepsis. The neonatal sepsis calculator, described some years ago and validated by several studies, is extremely useful in allowing care givers to assess risk factors and combine them with the clinical evaluation of the newborn to make a more adequate decision and decrease utilization of unnecessary antibiotics. On the other hand, nonspecific inflammatory markers, like C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT), are relied upon to make clinical decisions about antibiotic initiation and discontinuation. However, they have very bad specificity for early and late neonatal sepsis, and their sensitivity is not very adequate either. Relying on them in suspicion of neonatal sepsis is a “hazardous waste”. Antibiotic abuse is associated with short- and long-term adverse effects. In preterm infants in NICU, length of hospital stay, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis and mortality are increased. In addition to this and to the concomitant increase in health care expenditures, there are long lasting consequences of antibiotic misuse in the neonatal period. They include development of antibiotic resistance, with the emergence of multi resistant organisms, and alterations to the microbiota and microbiome. This has been linked to various disease states later in life, such as abnormal brain development, infections during childhood, asthma, obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis and autoimmune disorders, among others. The need to apply clinical measures to modify current neonatal practices and improve outcomes has never been more urgent.","PeriodicalId":87261,"journal":{"name":"Global journal of pediatrics & neonatal care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47224888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychotherapy with Children and Adolescents with First Episode Psychosis: Limitations of the Research","authors":"J. McCarthy","doi":"10.33552/gjpnc.2020.02.000530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/gjpnc.2020.02.000530","url":null,"abstract":"Empirical studies of children and adolescents at high-risk for psychosis and those with first episode psychosis include investigations of the associated risk factors, neurobiological correlates and longitudinal trajectories and the use of pharmacological and psychosocial interventions, but few studies compare the impact of different forms of psychotherapy with each other or with multimodal treatment with both psychotherapy and psychotropic medication. There is a scarcity of trials that compare the efficacy and long-term outcome of cognitive behavioral therapy, psychodynamic psychotherapy and family therapy with these vulnerable youth even though evidence has been accumulating about their positive impact with children, adolescents and adults with many psychiatric disorders. Research on first episode psychosis in children and adolescents needs to be enhanced by studies that ascertain the benefits of cognitive behavior therapy, psychodynamic psychotherapy, and family therapy and their role in combined treatment.","PeriodicalId":87261,"journal":{"name":"Global journal of pediatrics & neonatal care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48577845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immediate Outcomes of Neonatal Transport in a Tertiary Hospital in South-West of Nigeria","authors":"Tongo Olukemi","doi":"10.33552/gjpnc.2020.02.000529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/gjpnc.2020.02.000529","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Only a third of deliveries in Nigeria occur in health facilities and a number of sick neonates have to be referred for advanced care. We sought to assess the morbidity and mortality within 24 and 48 hours of arrival among neonates presenting at the University College Hospital, (UCH) Ibadan in relation to the prevailing neonatal transport care practices. Methods: The pretransport and intratransport care available to 401 neonates presenting in UCH were determined and their respiratory rate, heart rate, SpO2, serum bicarbonate, temperature and blood pressure were checked on arrival. TRIPS (Transport Risk Index of Physiologic Stability) scores were determined and same parameters were reassessed 24 and 48 hours after presentation. Results: Nineteen babies (4.7%) were brought in dead. The morbidities present on admission were hypothermia (35.1%), hypoxia (28.4%), hypoglycaemia (12.5%), apnoea (9%), acidosis (8.2%), unrecordable blood pressure (16.5%). The median TRIP score on arrival was 17 with 23% having very severe score (>30), severe 19.4%, moderate 24.6% and low 33%. Babies who received oxygen, IVF/breastmilk during transport were more in the low and moderate scores. By 48 hours of admission, 22% had died and those who did not receive IVF/breastmilk had the highest risk of dying (OR 4.67 CI 1.81,12.05). Conclusion: Neonates presenting at the UCH had significant morbidity and mortality in the first 48 hours of presentation, which was associated with poor pre and intratransport care. It is crucial to emphasize pretransport stabilization and suitable intratransport care in the training of peripheral healthcare workers in resource limited settings in order to improve newborn outcomes.","PeriodicalId":87261,"journal":{"name":"Global journal of pediatrics & neonatal care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48339064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical Emergencies in the Pediatric Service of the Lomé - Commune Regional Hospital Center (Togo)","authors":"T. Guédéhoussou","doi":"10.33552/gjpnc.2020.02.000528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/gjpnc.2020.02.000528","url":null,"abstract":"Any health worker who cares for children will be faced with medical emergencies. They are common and can start with alarming speed, but if treated quickly and effectively, it will have most of the time a positive result, or at least better than expected [1]. In sub-Saharan Africa, pediatric emergencies are often a matter of “disaster medicine” and several studies show the extreme gravity of the conditions seen in emergency consultations [2-5]. The mortality linked to these emergencies is significant: varying from 8% in Lomé in Togo to 14% in Ivory Coast [6,7]. The fight against child mortality must therefore go through a rapid diagnosis of pediatric emergencies and consequent treatment [8]. Thus, pediatric medical emergencies remain a daily reality, a real health problem and a concern with which all health personnel are confronted. In the Regional Hospital Center of Lomé Commune (CHR-LC), being the youngest of the major reference hospitals in the city of Lomé, it was imperative, after six years of exercise, to establish the profile of the morbi mortality of children consulting there, especially in a state of vital distress.","PeriodicalId":87261,"journal":{"name":"Global journal of pediatrics & neonatal care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47688667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation and Evaluation of a Psychoactive Substance Use Intervention for Children in Afghanistan: Differences Between Girls and Boys at Treatment Entry and in Response to Treatment.","authors":"Abdul Subor Momand,&nbsp;Elizabeth Mattfeld,&nbsp;Gilberto Gerra,&nbsp;Brian Morales,&nbsp;Thom Browne,&nbsp;Manzoor Ul Haq,&nbsp;Kevin E O'Grady,&nbsp;Hendrée E Jones","doi":"10.33552/gjpnc.2020.02.000527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/gjpnc.2020.02.000527","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psychoactive substance use among children in Afghanistan is an issue of concern. Somewhere around 300,000 children in the country have been exposed to opioids that either parents directly provided to them or by passive exposure. Evidence-based and culturally appropriate drug prevention and treatment programs are needed for children and families. The goals of this study were to: (1) examine lifetime psychoactive substance use in girls and boys at treatment entry; and (2) examine differential changes in substance use during and following treatment between girls and boys. Children ages 10-17 years old entering residential treatment were administered the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test for Youth (ASSIST-Y) at pre- and post-treatment, and at three-month follow-up. Residential treatment was 45 days for children and 180 days for adolescents and consisted of a comprehensive psychosocial intervention that included education, life skills, individual and group counseling and, for older adolescents, vocational skills such as embroidery and tailoring. Girls and boys were significantly different regarding lifetime use of five substances at treatment entry, with girls less likely than boys to have used tobacco, cannabis, stimulants, and alcohol, and girls more likely than boys to have used sedatives. Differences between boys and girls were found for past-three-month use of four substances at treatment entry, with girls entering treatment with higher past-three-month use of opioids and sedatives, and boys with higher past-three-month use of tobacco, cannabis, and alcohol. Change over the course of treatment showed a general decline for both girls and boys in the use of these substances. Girls and boys in Afghanistan come to treatment with different substance use histories and differences in past-three-month use. Treatment of children for substance use problems must be sensitive to possible differences between girls and boys in substance use history.</p>","PeriodicalId":87261,"journal":{"name":"Global journal of pediatrics & neonatal care","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7932169/pdf/nihms-1570612.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25455205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nasopharyngeal Colonization with Streptococcus Pneumoniae in Healthy Infants Less Than 60 Days Attending the Outpatient Clinic of Alexandria University Children’s Hospital","authors":"Ashrafi Mahmoud","doi":"10.33552/gjpnc.2019.01.000522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/gjpnc.2019.01.000522","url":null,"abstract":"Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a bacterial pathogen that affects children and adults worldwide [1]. Although S. pneumoniae is the leading bacterial cause of respiratory tract infections, it is also capable of causing a wide variety of infectious syndromes including meningitis, peritonitis, and sepsis [2-4]. The present study is to determine the prevalence of pneumococcus colonization among apparently healthy infants below 60 days of age and to identify the prevalent pneumococcal serotypes among this infant population In this study over a period of 14 months. Sample size was found to be 531 infants. The sample was selected by the systematic random procedure [5]. The results revealed that 0.75 % (n=4/531) of infants showed positive carriage of pneumococcus in their nasopharynx. After serotyping, only one case of 4 strept. Pneumonia identified as vaccine included type and the remaining 3 were of non –vaccine type and this result was checked by real-time PCR serogrouping.75% of cases were sensitive to penicillin and the remaining 25% were resistant.","PeriodicalId":87261,"journal":{"name":"Global journal of pediatrics & neonatal care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48136880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Maternal Smoking Make a Difference in Newborn Hearing Screening with Otoacoustic Emissions?","authors":"José Miguel Sequí Canet","doi":"10.33552/gjpnc.2019.01.000521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/gjpnc.2019.01.000521","url":null,"abstract":"Neonatal hearing screening by means of transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) is widely accepted. Some studies have related how maternal smoking can be harmful for the newborn’s cochlear function. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between maternal smoking and TEOAE newborn hearing screening results. Data were retrospectively collected from healthy vaginally delivered newborns of gestational age > 37 weeks and body weight > 2.5 Kg, at the Francesc de Borja Hospital maternity ward in Gandia (Spain). Maternal smoking history was compared with the pass rate to TEOAE performed within the first 48 hrs. of life. Results: the study group included 12,871 newborns. In this group, no significant relation between maternal smoking and TEOAE pass rates was observed (p<0.853). As there were significant differences in pass rate based on gender (female better than males, p<0.0001) and feeding of newborn (breastfeeding better than formula, p<0.0001) we analyzed these subgroups separately and also found no differences related to smoking history. Conclusion: The effect of maternal smoking in newborn hearing screening with TEOAE is not significant. Further studies are needed.","PeriodicalId":87261,"journal":{"name":"Global journal of pediatrics & neonatal care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42126165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-Term Outcomes of Very Low Birth Weight Infants at a Tertiary Care Center in UAE Compared to the World","authors":"Nusrat Khan, Aiman Rahmani, Mustafa Al Abdullatif, Omar Abu Sa’da","doi":"10.33552/gjpnc.2019.01.000520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/gjpnc.2019.01.000520","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Very low birth weight infants make up a small percentage of total live births but contribute significantly to neonatal intensive care unit admissions and mortalities. Their survival rate has increased greatly in developed countries due to advanced perinatal health care but developing countries still lag. Aims: Examine the mortality and morbidity rates in VLBWI in a tertiary neonatal care center in UAE and compare these to previously published data from the same center (VLBWI outcomes during 2004-2006, labeled period I), the region and international neonatal networks. Methods: Demographic and multiple outcome data were collected from annual audits of the unit on a VLBWI cohort (500–1500g) admitted between January 2011 and December 2015. Results: Of the 468 infants weighing 500–1500g at birth, 82% survived until discharge (85.6% in period I), 33% had Chronic Lung Disease (12.1% in period I), 10% suffered from necrotizing enterocolitis (5.8% in period I), 22.2% had Intraventricular Hemorrhage of any grade (17.5% in period I) while 3.8% had Periventricular Leukomalacia (2.8% in period I ). Cesarean sections were conducted 75% of the time (55.5% in period 1) and 49% cases were multiple births (33.9% in period I). These outcomes were also compared to regional reports and international neonatal networks. Conclusion: Mortality and short-term morbidity were higher in our study than in period I. Our study population had a significantly higher number born with weight <750g (50% rise from period I) and around half of our VLBWIs were products of multiple pregnancies.","PeriodicalId":87261,"journal":{"name":"Global journal of pediatrics & neonatal care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42294449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiology of Neonatal Gram-Negative Sepsis in A Level III Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). A Single Center Experience","authors":"M. AlAbdullatif, H. Narchi, Nusrat Khan, A. Rahmani, Tasnim Alkhatib, Omar Abu-Sa’da, M. Khassawneh","doi":"10.33552/gjpnc.2019.01.000519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/gjpnc.2019.01.000519","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sepsis is still a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality especially when caused by Gram-negative bacteria. The causative organisms and their susceptibility to antibiotics vary among units. Empiric antibiotic therapy is based on the likely pathogens and their susceptibility pattern in a NICU. This study aims to identify, in a cohort of neonates diagnosed with Gram-negative sepsis, the bacteriological profile and the antibiotic susceptibilities as well as to evaluate the appropriateness of the empirical antibiotic coverage. Material and methods: In this retrospective observational study, all Gram-negative pathogens isolated in the blood culture of neonates admitted to the neonatal unit in a tertiary referral hospital between January 2011and December 2015 were analyzed. Demographic data, causative organisms, antibiotic susceptibility, empiric therapy and outcomes were collected and analyzed. Results: Of the 2732 neonates admitted to NICU, 80 infants (2.9%) had a blood culture-proven sepsis with a Gram-negative pathogen. Klebsiella pneumonia was the commonest causative organism. Sensitivity to gentamicin and meropenem were 95% and 99% respectively. Mortality, necrotizing enterocolitis, periventricular leukomalacia, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, intraventricular hemorrhage, retinopathy of prematurity was more prevalent in affected infants. Conclusion: In our unit, neonatal sepsis caused by gram-negative organisms was highly sensitive to aminoglycosides. Almost all cases Gramnegative sepsis were adequately covered by carbapenem.","PeriodicalId":87261,"journal":{"name":"Global journal of pediatrics & neonatal care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43287360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}