NTP CERHR MON最新文献

{"title":"NTP-CERHR Monograph on the Potential Human Reproductive and Developmental Effects of Ethylene Glycol.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The National Toxicology Program (NTP) Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction (CERHR) conducted an evaluation of the potential for ethylene glycol (EG) to cause adverse effects on reproduction and development in humans. EG was selected for evaluation due to recent toxicity and occupational exposure information and widespread exposure in the general public. EG is a small, hydroxy-substituted hydrocarbon used as a chemical intermediate in the production of polyester compounds. It is also found in automotive anti-freeze, industrial coolants, hydraulic fluids, and windshield deicer fluids. The results of this evaluation on EG are published in a NTP-CERHR monograph which includes: 1) the Expert Panel Report on the Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity of Ethylene Glycol, 2) the NTP Brief, and 3) public comments received on the Expert Panel Report. As stated in the NTP Brief, the NTP reached the following conclusions regarding the possible effects of exposure to EG on human development and reproduction based on the conclusions of the NTP-CERHR Expert Panel Report and the public comments received on that report. These conclusions concurred with those of the expert panel. First, although EG could possibly affect human development if exposures are sufficiently high, there is negligible concern for developmental effects in humans at current proposed/estimated exposure levels. There is no direct evidence that exposure of people to EG adversely affects reproduction or development, but studies reviewed by the expert panel show that oral exposure to high doses of EG can adversely affect development in mice and rats. These studies indicate doses that exceed saturation of the glycolic acid metabolism are needed to produce developmental toxicity. Proposed exposure scenarios constructed by the expert panel and current proposed/estimated exposure levels suggest that human exposures are at least 100- to 1000-fold lower than the dose expected to result in metabolic saturation in humans (estimated at 125 mg/kg body weight). Second, there is negligible concern for reproductive effects in humans. Studies evaluated by the expert panel showed that, at high exposure levels, there is no evidence of adverse reproductive effects in mice or rats. NTP-CERHR monographs are transmitted to federal and state agencies, interested parties, and the public and are available electronically in PDF format on the CERHR web site (http://cerhr.niehs.nih.gov) and in printed text or CD-ROM from the CERHR (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P.O. Box 12233, MD EC-32, Research Triangle Park, NC; fax: 919-316-4511).</p>","PeriodicalId":87200,"journal":{"name":"NTP CERHR MON","volume":" 11","pages":"1-III36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25189322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NTP-CERHR Monograph on the Potential Human Reproductive and Developmental Effects of 2-Bromopropane (2-BP).","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The National Toxicology Program (NTP) Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction (CERHR) conducted an evaluation of the potential for 2-bromopropane to cause adverse effects on reproduction and development in humans. 2-Bromopropane was selected for evaluation due to documented evidence of worker exposures and published evidence of reproductive toxicity in both rodents and humans. 2-Bromopropane may be used as an intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, dyes, and other organic chemicals. In Asia, 2-bromopropane was also used as a replacement for chlorofluorocarbons and 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and is used as a solvent/cleaner for microelectronics. The results of this evaluation on 2-brompropane are published in a NTP-CERHR monograph which includes: 1) the NTP Brief, 2) the Expert Panel Report on the Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity of 2-Bromopropane, and 3) public comments received on the Expert Panel Report. As stated in the NTP Brief, the NTP reached the following conclusions regarding the possible effects of exposure to 2-bromopropane on human development and reproduction. No data were available on environmental exposure of the general public to 2-bromopropane. However, occupational exposure data indicate workplace exposures to 2-bromopropane range from </=0.004- 1.35 ppm. Conclusions were based on the available occupational exposure data and on studies in humans and laboratory animals. First, there is some concern for adverse reproductive effects when people are exposed to concentrations of 2-bromopropane at the high end of the occupational exposure range, and minimal concern at the low end of the exposure range. These conclusions are supported by toxicity in rats at 100 ppm exposures and adverse reproductive effects in occupationally exposed humans. Second, there is insufficient evidence to assess the developmental effects of 2-bromopropane exposure. These conclusions are based on occupational exposure data which do not account for dermal contact with 2-bromopropane. NTP-CERHR monographs are transmitted to federal and state agencies, interested parties, and the public and are available in electronic PDF format on the CERHR web site (http://cerhr.niehs.nih.gov) and in printed text or CD-ROM from the CERHR (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P.O. Box 12233, MD EC-32, Research Triangle Park, NC; fax: 919-316-4511).</p>","PeriodicalId":87200,"journal":{"name":"NTP CERHR MON","volume":" 10","pages":"i-III11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24879968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NTP-CERHR Monograph on the Potential Human Reproductive and Developmental Effects of 1-Bromopropane (1-BP).","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The National Toxicology Program (NTP) Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction (CERHR) conducted an evaluation of the potential for 1-bromopropane to cause adverse effects on reproduction and development in humans. 1-Bromopropane was selected for evaluation due to recent consideration of 1-bromopropane as a replacement chemical for hydrochlorofluorocarbons and chlorinated solvents. 1-Bromopropane is used in spray adhesives and in cleaning metal and electronic components; as a solvent for fats, waxes, or resins; and as an intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, insecticides, quaternary ammonium compounds, flavors, or fragrances. The results of this evaluation on 1-brompropane are published in a NTP-CERHR monograph which includes: 1) the NTP Brief, 2) the Expert Panel Report on the Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity of 1-Bromopropane, and 3) public comments received on the Expert Panel Report. As stated in the NTP Brief, the NTP reached the following conclusions regarding the possible effects of exposure to 1-bromopropane on human development and reproduction. No data were available on 1-bromopropane exposures in the general US population. Therefore, conclusions were based on the available occupational exposure data and on studies in humans and laboratory animals. First, there is serious concern for reproductive and developmental effects at the upper end of the human occupational exposure range (18-381 ppm). Adverse developmental and/or reproductive effects have been reported in animal studies at exposure levels of >/=200 ppm. Second, there is minimal concern for reproductive and developmental effects when humans are exposed at the lower end of the human occupational exposure range (0.04-0.63 ppm). This level is at least 300- fold lower than the no effect level identified from reproductive studies in laboratory animals. These conclusions are based upon limited occupational inhalation exposure data. It is likely that worker exposures also occur through dermal contact with 1-bromopropane. However, no information was available on dermal exposures. NTP-CERHR monographs are transmitted to federal and state agencies, interested parties, and the public and are available in electronic PDF format on the CERHR web site (http://cerhr.niehs.nih.gov) and in printed text or CD-ROM from the CERHR (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P.O. Box 12233, MD EC-32, Research Triangle Park, NC; fax: 919-316-4511).</p>","PeriodicalId":87200,"journal":{"name":"NTP CERHR MON","volume":" 9","pages":"i-III11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24879967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NTP-CERHR Monograph on the Potential Human Reproductive and Developmental Effects of Methanol.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The National Toxicology Program (NTP) Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction (CERHR) conducted an evaluation of the potential for methanol to cause adverse effects on reproduction and development in humans. Methanol was selected for evaluation because it is a high production volume chemical with high potential for occupational, consumer, and environmental exposure. Methanol is used in chemical syntheses and as an industrial solvent. It is found in a variety of consumer products such as paints, antifreeze, cleaning solutions, and adhesives and is a by-product of sewage treatment, fermentation, and paper production. Methanol is used in racecar fuels, and there is the potential for the expanded use of methanol as a vehicle fuel or fuel additive. Methanol occurs naturally in a variety of fresh fruits and vegetables, alcoholic beverages, and cigarette smoke. The results of this evaluation on methanol are published in an NTP-CERHR monograph which includes: 1) the NTP Brief, 2) the Expert Panel Report on the Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity of Methanol, and 3) public comments received on the Expert Panel Report. As stated in the NTP Brief, the NTP reached the following conclusions regarding the possible effects of exposure to methanol on human development and reproduction. First, there is concern for adverse developmental effects in fetuses if pregnant women are exposed to levels of methanol that result in high blood concentrations, such as with acute methanol poisoning. Although there is insufficient evidence to determine if a human fetus is more or less sensitive than rodents to the adverse effect of methanol, humans suffering acute methanol poisoning may have blood levels similar to those resulting in developmental toxicity in rodents. Second, for exposures that result in low blood methanol concentrations (below approx. 10 mg/L blood), there is minimal concern for adverse developmental effects , and negligible concern for adverse male reproductive effects. There is insufficient evidence to assess the effects of methanol on female reproduction. Data available to the expert panel were not sufficient to rule out the possibility of male reproductive effects at toxic exposure levels. The panel judged that blood levels >/=10 mg/L are not expected to result from normal dietary or occupational exposures. NTP-CERHR monographs are transmitted to federal and state agencies, interested parties, and the public and are available in electronic PDF format on the CERHR web site (http://cerhr.niehs.nih.gov) and in printed text or CD-ROM from the CERHR (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P.O. Box 12233, MD EC-32, Research Triangle Park, NC; fax: 919-316-4511).</p>","PeriodicalId":87200,"journal":{"name":"NTP CERHR MON","volume":" 8","pages":"i-III35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24879964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NTP-CERHR Monograph on the Potential Human Reproductive and Developmental Effects of Di-n-Octyl Phthalate (DnOP).","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The National Toxicology Program (NTP) Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction (CERHR) conducted an evaluation of the potential for di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP) to cause adverse effects on reproduction and development in humans. DnOP is one of 7 phthalate chemicals evaluated by the NTP CERHR Phthalates Expert Panel. These phthalates were selected for evaluation because of high production volume, extent of human exposures, use in children's products, and/or published evidence of repro- ductive or developmental toxicity. Available information indicates that there are no commercial uses of pure DnOP. However, DnOP comprises approximately 20% of the commercially important C6-10 phthalate mixture, which is used in flooring and carpet tiles, tarps, pool liners, and garden hoses. DnOP is approved by the FDA as an indirect food additive and is used in seam cements, bottle cap liners, and conveyor belts. The results of this evaluation on DnOP are published in an NTP-CERHR monograph which includes: 1) the NTP Brief, 2) the Expert Panel Report on the Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity of DnOP, and 3) public comments received on the Expert Panel Report. As stated in the NTP Brief, the NTP reached the following conclusions regarding the possible effects of exposure to DnOP on human development and reproduction. Limited studies in mice and rats show that high exposures to DnOP may cause adverse developmental effects, but no evidence of reproductive effects was observed. In a continuous breeding study, no adverse effects were observed in the treated parents or their offspring after dosed feed exposure of mice (approx. 1,800, 3,600, or 7,500 mg/kg body weight/day). Human exposure information for DnOP was not available but it was assumed that the general US population would be exposed to 3-30 mug/kg body weight/day, based upon the range of estimated exposures for DEHP. Based on this assumption, NTP concluded that there is negligible concern for effects on adult reproductive systems. Two developmental studies were evaluated by the panel. In the first study, pregnant rats were treated with 5,000 and 10,000 mg/kg body weight/day DnOP by intraperitoneal injection on gestational days 5, 10, and 15. Increased fetal malformations and reduced body weights were observed at both doses. In the second study, pregnant mice were treated by gavage with approx. 10,000 mg/kg bodyweight/day on gestational days 6-13 and were allowed to deliver the pups. The treated group had reduced litter size, but birth weights and pup survival to postnatal day 3 were not affected. These studies did not determine an exposure level at which no adverse effects occur. The NTP concluded that there is insufficient information on developmental toxicity to reach a conclusion regarding the potential for DnOP to adversely affect human development. NTP-CERHR monographs are transmitted to federal and state agencies, interested parties, and the public and are available in electronic","PeriodicalId":87200,"journal":{"name":"NTP CERHR MON","volume":" 6","pages":"i-III90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24880062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NTP-CERHR Monograph on the Potential Human Reproductive and Developmental Effects of Di-n-Hexyl Phthalate (DnHP).","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The National Toxicology Program (NTP) Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction (CERHR) conducted an evaluation of the potential for di-n-hexyl phthalate (DnHP) to cause adverse effects on reproduction and development in humans. DnHP is one of 7 phthalate chemicals evaluated by the NTP CERHR Phthalates Expert Panel. These phthalates were selected for evaluation because of high production volume, extent of human exposures, use in children's products, and/or published evidence of reproductive or developmental toxicity. Available information indicates that DnHP is manufactured in relatively small amounts but occurs in a variety of commercial products including dip-molded products such as tool handles or dishwasher baskets, flooring, vinyl gloves, flea collars, and conveyer belts used in food processing. The results of this evaluation on DnHP are published in an NTP-CERHR monograph which includes: 1) the NTP Brief, 2) the Expert Panel Report on the Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity of DnHP, and 3) public comments received on the Expert Panel Report. As stated in the NTP Brief, the NTP reached the following conclusions regarding the possible effects of exposure to DnHP on human development and reproduction. The scientific evidence was insufficient to reach a conclusion regarding the potential for DnHP to adversely affect human development or reproduction. There was very limited information on developmental and reproductive toxicity available to the panel. The panel evaluated only a single developmental toxicity study using a high dose (9,900 mg/kg body weight/day on gestational days 6-13) of DnHP. No live pups were delivered. In a reproductive study, effects on fertility were noted in all treatment groups (380-1,670 mg/ kg body weight/day). These studies provided sufficient information in experimental animals to conclude that DnHP is a reproductive and developmental toxicant at the doses tested. However, the treatment doses were high and these studies did not determine an exposure level at which no adverse effects occur. Human exposure information for DnHP was not available to the panel. However, the panel assumed that the US general population would be exposed to 3-30 mug/kg body weight/day, based upon the range of estimated exposures for DEHP, a more widely used phthalate. Thus, considering the inadequate quantitative information from the experimental animal studies and the inadequate human exposure data, the panel concluded there is insufficient information to reach a conclusion of the potential for DnHP to adversely affect human development or reproduction. NTP-CERHR monographs are transmitted to federal and state agencies, interested parties, and the public and are available in electronic PDF format on the CERHR web site (http://cerhr.niehs.nih.gov) and in printed text or CD-ROM from the CERHR (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P.O. Box 12233, MD EC-32, Research Triangle Park, NC; fax: 919-316-4511).<","PeriodicalId":87200,"journal":{"name":"NTP CERHR MON","volume":" 7","pages":"i-III90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24880063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NTP-CERHR Monograph on the Potential Human Reproductive and Developmental Effects of Di-Isodecyl Phthalate (DIDP).","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The National Toxicology Program (NTP) Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction (CERHR) conducted an evaluation of the potential for di-isodecyl phthalate (DIDP) to cause adverse effects on reproduction and development in humans. DIDP is one of 7 phthalate chemicals evaluated by the NTP CERHR Phthalates Expert Panel. These phthalates were selected for evaluation because of high production volume, extent of human exposures, use in children's products, and/or published evidence of reproductive or developmental toxicity. DIDP is a mixture of branched, C-10 phthalate isomers used to add flexibility to a wide variety of polyvinylchloride (PVC) plastic products such as artificial leather, toys, carpet backing, and pool liners. The results of this evaluation on DIDP are published in a NTP-CERHR monograph which includes: 1) the NTP Brief, 2) the Expert Panel Report on the Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity of Di-Isodecyl Phthalate, and 3) public comments received on the Expert Panel Report. As stated in the NTP Brief, the NTP reached the following conclusions regarding the possible effects of exposure to DIDP on human development and reproduction. First, although DIDP could possibly affect human development if exposures are sufficiently high, there is minimal concern for developmental effects in fetuses and children at current proposed/estimated exposure levels. There is no direct evidence that exposure of people to DIDP adversely affects reproduction or development, but show that oral exposure of pregnant rats to high doses (200 and 1000 mg/kg bodyweight/day) of DIDP can adversely affect fetal development. Human exposure information for DIDP was not available, but it was assumed that the general US population would be exposed to 3-30 mug/kg body weight/day, based upon the range of estimated exposures for DEHP, a more widely used phthalate. Second, there is negligible concern for reproductive toxicity in exposed adults. Studies evaluated showed that, at high exposure levels, there is no evidence of adverse reproductive effects in rats. NTP-CERHR monographs are transmitted to federal and state agencies, interested parties, and the public and are available electronically in PDF format on the CERHR web site (http://cerhr.niehs.nih.gov) and in printed text or CD-ROM from the CERHR (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P.O. Box 12233, MD EC-32, Research Triangle Park, NC; fax: 919-316-4511).</p>","PeriodicalId":87200,"journal":{"name":"NTP CERHR MON","volume":" 3","pages":"i-III90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24880061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NTP-CERHR Monograph on the Potential Human Reproductive and Developmental Effects of Di-n-Butyl Phthalate (DBP).","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>TThe National Toxicology Program (NTP) Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction (CERHR) conducted an evaluation of the potential for di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) to cause adverse effects on reproduction and development in humans. DBP is one of 7 phthalate chemicals evaluated by the NTP CERHR Phthalates Expert Panel. These phthalates were selected for evaluation because of high production volume, extent of human exposures, use in children's products, and/or published evidence of reproductive or developmental toxicity. Unlike many phthalates, DBP is not currently used as a plasticizer in polyvinyl chloride plastics. DBP is a component of latex adhesives and is used in cosmetics and other personal care products, as a plasticizer in cellulose plastics, and as a solvent for dyes. The results of this evaluation on DBP are published in a NTP-CERHR monograph which includes: 1) the NTP Brief, 2) the Expert Panel Report on the Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity of Di-n-Butyl Phthalate, and 3) public comments received on the Expert Panel Report. As stated in the NTP Brief, the NTP reached the following conclusions regarding the possible effects of exposure to DBP on human development and reproduction. First, although DBP could possibly affect human reproduction and development if exposures are sufficiently high, the NTP concludes that there is negligible concern for reproductive toxicity in exposed adults. Second, the NTP concludes that there is minimal concern for developmental effects when pregnant women are exposed to DBP levels estimated by the panel (2-10 mug/kg body weight/day). There is no direct evidence that exposure of people to DBP adversely affects reproduction or development, but studies reviewed by the expert panel show that oral exposure to high doses of DBP (>/=100 mg/kg body weight/day) may adversely affect the prenatal and early postnatal development in rodents. Finally, based on exposure estimates in women of reproductive age, the NTP concludes that there is some concern for DBP causing adverse effects to human development, particularly development of the male reproductive system. NTP-CERHR monographs are transmitted to federal and state agencies, interested parties, and the public and are available electronically in PDF format on the CERHR web site (http://cerhr.niehs.nih.gov) and in printed text or CD-ROM from the CERHR (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P.O. Box 12233, MD EC-32, Research Triangle Park, NC; fax: 919-316-4511).</p>","PeriodicalId":87200,"journal":{"name":"NTP CERHR MON","volume":" 4","pages":"i-III90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24879970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NTP-CERHR Monograph on the Potential Human Reproductive and Developmental Effects of Butyl Benzyl Phthalate (BBP).","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The National Toxicology Program (NTP) Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction (CERHR) conducted an evaluation of the potential for butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) to cause adverse effects on reproduction and development in humans. BBP is one of 7 phthalate chemicals evaluated by the NTP CERHR Phthalates Expert Panel. These phthalates were selected for evaluation because of high production volume, extent of human exposures, use in children's products, and/or published evidence of reproductive or developmental toxicity. BBP is used in the production of vinyl tiles and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) to make products such as food conveyor belts, carpet tile, tarps, artificial leather, automotive trim, and traffic cones. The results of this evaluation on BBP are published in a NTP-CERHR monograph which includes: 1) the NTP Brief, 2) the Expert Panel Report on the Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity of Butyl Benzyl Phthalate, and 3) public comments received on the Expert Panel Report. As stated in the NTP Brief, the NTP reached the following conclusions regarding the possible effects of exposure to BBP on human development and reproduction. First, the NTP concludes there is negligible concern for adverse reproductive effects in exposed men. Data are insufficient to reach a conclusion on possible eproductive effects in exposed women. There is no direct evidence that exposure of people to BBP adversely affects reproduction or development, but studies reviewed by the expert panel show that oral exposure of laboratory animals to high doses (>/=1000 mg/kg body weight/day) of BBP can adversely affect development, including development of the male reproductive tract. Second, the NTP concludes that there is minimal concern for developmental effects in fetuses and children. Evidence showed adverse reproductive effects in rats at doses of 100 mg/kg body weight/day, but not at 20 mg/kg/day. Exposure estimates for women of reproductive age were estimated to be 7.8 mug/kg body weight/day. Therefore, this estimated exposure is at least 2,500-to 25,000- fold lower than the toxic dose in rats. NTP-CERHR monographs are transmitted to federal and state agencies, interested parties, and the public and are available in electronic PDF format on the CERHR web site (http://cerhr.niehs.nih.gov) and in printed text or CD-ROM from the CERHR (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P.O. Box 12233, MD EC-32, Research Triangle Park, NC; fax: 919-316-4511).</p>","PeriodicalId":87200,"journal":{"name":"NTP CERHR MON","volume":" 5","pages":"i-III90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24879971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NTP-CERHR Monograph on the Potential Human Reproductive and Developmental Effects of Di-isononyl Phthalate (DINP).","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The National Toxicology Program (NTP) Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction (CERHR) conducted an evaluation of the potential for di-isononyl phthalate (DINP) to cause adverse effects on reproduction and development in humans. DINP is one of 7 phthalate chemicals evaluated by the NTP CERHR Phthalates Expert Panel. These phthalates were selected for evaluation because of high production volume, extent of human exposures, use in children's products, and/or published evidence of reproductive or developmental toxicity. DINP is a mixture of branched, C-9 phthalate isomers used to add flexibility to a wide variety of plastic products such as toys, garden hoses, flooring tiles, tarps, and pool liners. The results of this evaluation on DINP are published in a NTP-CERHR monograph which includes: 1) the NTP Brief, 2) the Expert Panel Report on the Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity of Di-isononyl Phthalate, and 3) public comments received on the Expert Panel Report. As stated in the NTP Brief, the NTP reached the following conclusions regarding the possible effects of exposure to DINP on human development and reproduction. First, although DINP could possibly affect human development if exposures are sufficiently high, there is minimal concern for DINP causing adverse effects to human reproduction or fetal development. There is no direct evidence that exposure of people to DINP adversely affects reproduction or development, but studies show that oral exposure of pregnant rats to high doses (500 and 1000 mg/kg bodyweight/day) of DINP can adversely affect fetal development. Effects on pup growth were noted in a 2-generation reproductive toxicity study in rats at doses of 143-285 mg/kg body weight/day. Human exposure information for DINP was not available but it was assumed that the general US population would be exposed to 3-30 mug/kg body weight/day, based upon the range of estimated exposures for DEHP, a more widely used phthalate. Second, based on estimates of exposure of children to DINP from mouthing toys and other objects, the NTP has minimal concern for developmental effects in children. After the expert panel meeting, a US Consumer Products Safety Commission panel estimated that the majority of children exposed to DINP had a \"minimum to non-existent risk of injury\" from mouthing toys. Children's exposure was estimated at 70-280 mug/kg body weight/day, a level 1000-fold lower than exposures resulting in developmental effects in rats. NTP-CERHR monographs are transmitted to federal and state agencies, interested parties, and the public and are available electronically in PDF format on the CERHR web site (http://cerhr.niehs.nih.gov) and in printed text or CD-ROM from the CERHR (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P.O. Box 12233, MD EC-32, Research Triangle Park, NC; fax: 919-316-4511).</p>","PeriodicalId":87200,"journal":{"name":"NTP CERHR MON","volume":" 2","pages":"i-III90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24880059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}