{"title":"Social inequalities in female mortality by region and by selected causes of death, England and Wales, 2001-03.","authors":"Ann Langford, Brian Johnson, Alaa Al-Hamad","doi":"10.1057/hsq.2009.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1057/hsq.2009.35","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article reports on social inequalities in female mortality by region and cause of death for women aged 25-59 years in England and Wales in the period 2001-03. It is the first official compilation of detailed mortality statistics for women based on the National Statistics Socio-economic Classification (NS-SEC). It is part of a series of articles measuring inequalities in adult mortality. The results demonstrate a strong socio-economic effect on the mortality of women in all regions. This pattern remained consistent between regions. There were marked differences in the socio-economic gradient by cause. Mortality rates for women in the least and most advantaged NS-SEC classes were similar for breast cancer. In contrast, compared to women in the most advantaged class, mortality rates were three times as high for the least advantaged women for lung cancer and cerebrovascular disease, around five times as high for ischaemic heart disease and all digestive diseases, and six times as high for respiratory diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":87183,"journal":{"name":"Health statistics quarterly","volume":" 44","pages":"7-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1057/hsq.2009.35","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28580092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Death certification following MRSA bacteraemia, England, 2004-05.","authors":"Levin Wheller, Cleone Rooney, Clare Griffiths","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined factors affecting whether or not meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) is recorded on the death certificate of individuals who died following a laboratory confirmed MRSA bacteraemia and compared this with another organism, Streptococcus pneumoniae. The study included all patients with a positive MRSA or S. pneumoniae bacteraemia reported to the Health Protection Agency between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2005 and linked to a death registered up to 31 March 2006. It was an opportunistic analysis of infection surveillance records and death registrations that had been linked for other purposes Certifiers are most likely to record MRSA on the death certificate if they believe that a large number of conditions contributed to the patient's death, and if the patient dies between 2 and 15 days following a positive blood culture. Certifiers do not appear to be deliberately omitting MRSA from death certificates; rather they report the clinical manifestation of infection or disease the patient died from, not the microbiological diagnosis. Certifiers were significantly less likely to mention S. pneumoniae than MRSA.</p>","PeriodicalId":87183,"journal":{"name":"Health statistics quarterly","volume":" 41","pages":"13-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28146768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unemployment, mortality and the problem of health-related selection: evidence from the Scottish and England & Wales (ONS) longitudinal studies.","authors":"Tom Clemens, Paul Boyle, Frank Popham","doi":"10.1057/hsq.2009.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1057/hsq.2009.23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Testing whether unemployment causes health deterioration is complicated because failing health may increase the probability of unemployment. In some previous studies of unemployment and mortality a 'wear-off' period is used to exclude any deaths occurring in the first few years after employment status was observed. It is assumed that selection effects will wear-off during this period. In this article the effectiveness of using wear-off periods is tested. Using data from the Scottish Longitudinal Study and the England and Wales Longitudinal Study, logistic regression models were used for estimating the odds of death in a given time period after the 1991 Census for those aged 35-64 in 1991. The odds ratios for the different economic positions (in work, unemployed, retired, permanently sick and other inactive) were compared, as well as the changes in risk associated with cumulatively increasing the length of wear-off prior to follow-up. No evidence was found of health-related selection for the unemployed in 1991. This observation was consistent across both studies. This suggests that the use of the five year wear-off period in many studies of mortality and unemployment may be an ineffective and unnecessary technique for mitigating the effects of health-related selection.</p>","PeriodicalId":87183,"journal":{"name":"Health statistics quarterly","volume":" 43","pages":"7-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1057/hsq.2009.23","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40031586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Life expectancy at birth and at age 65 by local areas in the United Kingdom, 2006-08.","authors":"Lynsey Kyte, Emma Gordon","doi":"10.1057/hsq.2009.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1057/hsq.2009.38","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87183,"journal":{"name":"Health statistics quarterly","volume":" 44","pages":"59-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1057/hsq.2009.38","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28579840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Excess winter mortality in England and Wales, 2008/09 (provisional) and 2007/08 (final).","authors":"Vanessa Fearn, Jane Carter","doi":"10.1057/hsq.2009.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1057/hsq.2009.39","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87183,"journal":{"name":"Health statistics quarterly","volume":" 44","pages":"69-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1057/hsq.2009.39","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28579842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laura Oakley, Noreen Maconochie, Pat Doyle, Nirupa Dattani, Kath Moser
{"title":"Multivariate analysis of infant death in England and Wales in 2005-06, with focus on socio-economic status and deprivation.","authors":"Laura Oakley, Noreen Maconochie, Pat Doyle, Nirupa Dattani, Kath Moser","doi":"10.1057/hsq.2009.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1057/hsq.2009.15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Current health inequality targets include the goal of reducing the differential in infant mortality between social groups. This article reports on a multivariate analysis of risk factors for infant mortality, with specific focus on deprivation and socio-economic status. Data on all singleton live births in England and Wales in 2005-06 were used, and deprivation quintile (Carstairs index) was assigned to each birth using postcode at birth registration. Deprivation had a strong independent effect on infant mortality, risk of death tending to increase with increasing levels of deprivation. The strength of this relationship depended, however, on whether the babies were low birthweight, preterm or small-for-gestational-age. Trends of increasing mortality risk with increasing deprivation were strongest in the postneonatal period. Uniquely, this article reports the number and proportion of all infant deaths which would potentially be avoided if all levels of deprivation were reduced to that of the least deprived group. It estimates that one quarter of all infant deaths would potentially be avoided if deprivation levels were reduced in this way.</p>","PeriodicalId":87183,"journal":{"name":"Health statistics quarterly","volume":" 42","pages":"22-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1057/hsq.2009.15","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28273138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An update to measuring chronic illness, impairment and disability in national data sources.","authors":"Chris White","doi":"10.1057/hsq.2009.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1057/hsq.2009.16","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article reports progress in delivering a revision to survey questions on disability for implementation carrying out in 2010. The Office for National Statistics has relied on survey data to report and update annual estimates of disability-free life expectancy at national level.The survey question used in this calculation has remained consistent since 1972. However, changes in national legislation, a forthcoming European regulation and a number of inadequacies in the level of detail and consistency of disability data collected in household surveys (raised as part of the Review of Equality Data), will require its modification and extension to ensure survey data better reflect the growing data needs in the subject area of disability in the 21st Century. The accurate and reliable measurement of disability is increasing in importance following the revision to the Disability DiscriminationActin 2005 and the publication of a strategy to improve the life chances of disabled people. Of particular concern is the lack of data on impairment types and how impairments interact with social barriers erected by society and its institutions, leading to,</p>","PeriodicalId":87183,"journal":{"name":"Health statistics quarterly","volume":" 42","pages":"40-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1057/hsq.2009.16","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28273139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deaths related to drug poisoning in England and Wales, 2008.","authors":"Claudia Wells","doi":"10.1057/hsq.2009.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1057/hsq.2009.27","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87183,"journal":{"name":"Health statistics quarterly","volume":" 43","pages":"48-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1057/hsq.2009.27","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40031589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}