Chiropractic & osteopathy最新文献

{"title":"Through the rear view mirror: a content evaluation of the journal of Chiropractic & Osteopathy for the years 2005-2008.","authors":"Ian D Coulter, Raheleh Khorsan","doi":"10.1186/1746-1340-16-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-1340-16-14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87173,"journal":{"name":"Chiropractic & osteopathy","volume":"16 ","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/1746-1340-16-14","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27842625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Nordic back pain subpopulation program: predicting outcome among chiropractic patients in Finland.","authors":"Stefan Malmqvist,&nbsp;Charlotte Leboeuf-Yde,&nbsp;Tuomo Ahola,&nbsp;Olli Andersson,&nbsp;Kristian Ekström,&nbsp;Harri Pekkarinen,&nbsp;Markku Turpeinen,&nbsp;Niels Wedderkopp","doi":"10.1186/1746-1340-16-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-1340-16-13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In a previous Swedish study it was shown that it is possible to predict which chiropractic patients with persistent LBP will not report definite improvement early in the course of treatment, namely those with LBP for altogether at least 30 days in the past year, who had leg pain, and who did not report definite general improvement by the second treatment. The objectives of this study were to investigate if the predictive value of this set of variables could be reproduced among chiropractic patients in Finland, and if the model could be improved by adding some new potential predictor variables.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was a multi-centre prospective outcome study with internal control groups, carried out in private chiropractic practices in Finland. Chiropractors collected data at the 1st, 2nd and 4th visits using standardized questionnaires on new patients with LBP and/or radiating leg pain. Status at base-line was identified in relation to pain and disability, at the 2nd visit in relation to disability, and \"definitely better\" at the 4th visit in relation to a global assessment. The Swedish questionnaire was used including three new questions on general health, pain in other parts of the spine, and body mass index.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Swedish model was reproduced in this study sample. An alternative model including leg pain (yes/no), improvement at 2nd visit (yes/no) and BMI (underweight/normal/overweight or obese) was also identified with similar predictive values. Common throughout the testing of various models was that improvement at the 2nd visit had an odds ratio of approximately 5. Additional analyses revealed a dose-response in that 84% of those patients who fulfilled none of these (bad) criteria were classified as \"definitely better\" at the 4th visit, vs. 75%, 60% and 34% of those who fulfilled 1, 2 or all 3 of the criteria, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>When treating patients with LBP, at the first visits, the treatment strategy should be different for overweight/obese patients with leg pain as it should be for all patients who fail to improve by the 2nd visit. The number of predictors is also important.</p>","PeriodicalId":87173,"journal":{"name":"Chiropractic & osteopathy","volume":"16 ","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/1746-1340-16-13","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27826486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spinal manipulative therapy versus Graston Technique in the treatment of non-specific thoracic spine pain: design of a randomised controlled trial.","authors":"Amy Crothers,&nbsp;Bruce Walker,&nbsp;Simon D French","doi":"10.1186/1746-1340-16-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-1340-16-12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The one year prevalence of thoracic back pain has been estimated as 17% compared to 64% for neck pain and 67% for low back pain. At present only one randomised controlled trial has been performed assessing the efficacy of spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) for thoracic spine pain. In addition no high quality trials have been performed to test the efficacy and effectiveness of Graston Technique (GT), a soft tissue massage therapy using hand-held stainless steel instruments. The objective of this trial is to determine the efficacy of SMT and GT compared to a placebo for the treatment of non specific thoracic spine pain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty four eligible people with non specific thoracic pain mid back pain of six weeks or more will be randomised to one of three groups, either SMT, GT, or a placebo (de-tuned ultrasound). Each group will receive up to 10 supervised treatment sessions at the Murdoch University Chiropractic student clinic over a 4-week period. Treatment outcomes will be measured at baseline, one week after their first treatment, upon completion of the 4-week intervention period and at three, six and twelve months post randomisation. Outcome measures will include the Oswestry Back Pain Disability Index and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Intention to treat analysis will be utilised in the statistical analysis of any group treatment effects.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This trial was registered with the Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry on the 7th February 2008.</p><p><strong>Trial number: </strong>ACTRN12608000070336.</p>","PeriodicalId":87173,"journal":{"name":"Chiropractic & osteopathy","volume":"16 ","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/1746-1340-16-12","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37436863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chiropractic manipulation in pediatric health conditions--an updated systematic review.","authors":"Allan Gotlib,&nbsp;Ron Rupert","doi":"10.1186/1746-1340-16-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-1340-16-11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Our purpose was to review the biomedical literature from January 2004 to June 2007 inclusive to determine the extent of new evidence related to the therapeutic application of manipulation for pediatric health conditions. This updates a previous systematic review published in 2005. No critical appraisal of the evidence is undertaken.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>We searched both the indexed and non-indexed biomedical manual therapy literature. This included PubMed, MANTIS, CINAHL, ICL, as well as reference tracking. Other resources included the Cochrane Library, CCOHTA, PEDro, WHO ICTRP, AMED, EMBASE and AHRQ databases, as well as research conferences and symposium proceedings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The search identified 1275 citations of which 57 discrete citations met the eligibility criteria determined by three reviewers who then determined by consensus, each citation's appropriate level on the strength of evidence scale. The new evidence from the relevant time period was 1 systematic review, 1 RCT, 2 observational studies, 36 descriptive case studies and 17 conference abstracts. When this additional evidence is combined with the previous systematic review undertaken up to 2003, there are now in total, 2 systematic reviews, 10 RCT's, 3 observational studies, 177 descriptive studies, and 31 conference abstracts defining this body of knowledge.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>There has been no substantive shift in this body of knowledge during the past 3 1/2 years. The health claims made by chiropractors with respect to the application of manipulation as a health care intervention for pediatric health conditions continue to be supported by only low levels of scientific evidence. Chiropractors continue to treat a wide variety of pediatric health conditions. The evidence rests primarily with clinical experience, descriptive case studies and very few observational and experimental studies. The health interests of pediatric patients would be advanced if more rigorous scientific inquiry was undertaken to examine the value of manipulative therapy in the treatment of pediatric conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":87173,"journal":{"name":"Chiropractic & osteopathy","volume":"16 ","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/1746-1340-16-11","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27672552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How can chiropractic become a respected mainstream profession? The example of podiatry.","authors":"Donald R Murphy,&nbsp;Michael J Schneider,&nbsp;David R Seaman,&nbsp;Stephen M Perle,&nbsp;Craig F Nelson","doi":"10.1186/1746-1340-16-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-1340-16-10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The chiropractic profession has succeeded to remain in existence for over 110 years despite the fact that many other professions which had their start at around the same time as chiropractic have disappeared. Despite chiropractic's longevity, the profession has not succeeded in establishing cultural authority and respect within mainstream society, and its market share is dwindling. In the meantime, the podiatric medical profession, during approximately the same time period, has been far more successful in developing itself into a respected profession that is well integrated into mainstream health care and society.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To present a perspective on the current state of the chiropractic profession and to make recommendations as to how the profession can look to the podiatric medical profession as a model for how a non-allopathic healthcare profession can establish mainstream integration and cultural authority.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>There are several key areas in which the podiatric medical profession has succeeded and in which the chiropractic profession has not. The authors contend that it is in these key areas that changes must be made in order for our profession to overcome its shrinking market share and its present low status amongst healthcare professions. These areas include public health, education, identity and professionalism.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The chiropractic profession has great promise in terms of its potential contribution to society and the potential for its members to realize the benefits that come from being involved in a mainstream, respected and highly utilized professional group. However, there are several changes that must be made within the profession if it is going to fulfill this promise. Several lessons can be learned from the podiatric medical profession in this effort.</p>","PeriodicalId":87173,"journal":{"name":"Chiropractic & osteopathy","volume":"16 ","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/1746-1340-16-10","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27648114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chiropractors in Finland--a demographic survey.","authors":"Stefan Malmqvist,&nbsp;Charlotte Leboeuf-Yde","doi":"10.1186/1746-1340-16-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-1340-16-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Finnish chiropractic profession is young and not fully accepted by Finnish healthcare authorities. The demographic profile and style of practice has not been described to date. However, as the profession seems to be under rapid development, it would be of interest to stakeholders, both chiropractic and political, to obtain a baseline description of this profession with a view to the development of future goals and strategies for the profession. The purpose of this study was to describe the chiropractic profession in Finland in relation to its demographic background, the demographics of their clinics, practice patterns, interactions with other health care practitioners and some of the professions' plans for the future.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A structured questionnaire survey was conducted in 2005, in which all 50 members of the Finnish Chiropractic Union were invited to participate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In all, 44 questionnaires were returned (response rate 88%). Eighty percent of the respondents were men, and 77% were aged 30 to 44 years old, most of whom graduated after 1990 with either a university-based bachelors' or masters' degree in chiropractic. Solo practice was their main practice pattern. The vast majority described their scope of practice to be based on a musculoskeletal approach, using the Diversified Technique, performing Soft Tissue Therapy and about two-thirds also used an Activator Instrument (mechanical adjusting instrument). The mean number of patient visits reported to have been seen weekly was 59 of which nine were new patients. Most practitioners found this number of patients satisfactory. At the initial consultation, 80% of respondents spent 30-45 minutes with their patients, 75% spent 20-30 minutes with \"new old\" patients and on subsequent visits 80% of respondents spent 15-30 minutes. Interactions with other health care professions were reasonably good and most of chiropractors intended to remain within the profession.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Finnish chiropractic profession is relatively young. Consequently, many of the practitioners have a university-degree, which reflects recent developments in undergraduate chiropractic education. Their practice profile and the manner in which they practice appear to be fairly traditional.</p>","PeriodicalId":87173,"journal":{"name":"Chiropractic & osteopathy","volume":"16 ","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/1746-1340-16-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27642213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lung cancer metastasis to the scapula and spine: a case report.","authors":"James Demetrious,&nbsp;Gregory J Demetrious","doi":"10.1186/1746-1340-16-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-1340-16-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The objective of this case report is to describe the clinical presentation of a patient who complained of shoulder pain and was diagnosed with carcinoma of the scapula and spine that metastasized from the lung.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 76-year-old man without a history of cancer sought chiropractic care for right shoulder pain. Careful evaluation, radiographs, and subsequent imaging revealed primary and metastatic lung cancer. The patient was referred to his primary care physician for immediate medical care. Diagnostic images are included in this case to provide a comprehensive depiction of the scope of the patient's disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Musculoskeletal symptoms are commonly encountered in chiropractic practice. It is important to recognize that primary lung cancer may be unidentified, and musculoskeletal symptoms may reflect the first sign of primary or metastatic pulmonary disease. Thoughtful evaluative procedure and clinical decision making, combined with the use of appropriate diagnostic tests may allow timely identification of primary or metastatic disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":87173,"journal":{"name":"Chiropractic & osteopathy","volume":"16 ","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/1746-1340-16-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27594895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A diagnosis-based clinical decision rule for spinal pain part 2: review of the literature.","authors":"Donald R Murphy,&nbsp;Eric L Hurwitz,&nbsp;Craig F Nelson","doi":"10.1186/1746-1340-16-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-1340-16-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Spinal pain is a common and often disabling problem. The research on various treatments for spinal pain has, for the most part, suggested that while several interventions have demonstrated mild to moderate short-term benefit, no single treatment has a major impact on either pain or disability. There is great need for more accurate diagnosis in patients with spinal pain. In a previous paper, the theoretical model of a diagnosis-based clinical decision rule was presented. The approach is designed to provide the clinician with a strategy for arriving at a specific working diagnosis from which treatment decisions can be made. It is based on three questions of diagnosis. In the current paper, the literature on the reliability and validity of the assessment procedures that are included in the diagnosis-based clinical decision rule is presented.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The databases of Medline, Cinahl, Embase and MANTIS were searched for studies that evaluated the reliability and validity of clinic-based diagnostic procedures for patients with spinal pain that have relevance for questions 2 (which investigates characteristics of the pain source) and 3 (which investigates perpetuating factors of the pain experience). In addition, the reference list of identified papers and authors' libraries were searched.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1769 articles were retrieved, of which 138 were deemed relevant. Fifty-one studies related to reliability and 76 related to validity. One study evaluated both reliability and validity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Regarding some aspects of the DBCDR, there are a number of studies that allow the clinician to have a reasonable degree of confidence in his or her findings. This is particularly true for centralization signs, neurodynamic signs and psychological perpetuating factors. There are other aspects of the DBCDR in which a lesser degree of confidence is warranted, and in which further research is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":87173,"journal":{"name":"Chiropractic & osteopathy","volume":"16 ","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/1746-1340-16-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27589684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Nordic maintenance care program--case management of chiropractic patients with low back pain: a survey of Swedish chiropractors.","authors":"Iben Axén,&nbsp;Annika Rosenbaum,&nbsp;Andreas Eklund,&nbsp;Laszlo Halasz,&nbsp;Kristian Jørgensen,&nbsp;Peter W Lövgren,&nbsp;Fredrik Lange,&nbsp;Charlotte Leboeuf-Yde","doi":"10.1186/1746-1340-16-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-1340-16-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chiropractic treatment for low back pain (LBP) can often be divided into two phases: Initial treatment of the problem to attempt to remove pain and bring it back into its pre-clinical or maximum improvement status, and \"maintenance care\", during which it is attempted to maintain this status. Although the use of chiropractic maintenance care has been described and discussed in the literature, there is no information as to its precise indications. The objective of this study is to investigate if there is agreement among Swedish chiropractors on the overall patient management for various types of LBP-scenarios, with a special emphasis on maintenance care.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The design was a mailed questionnaire survey. Members of the Swedish Chiropractors' Association, who were participants in previous practice-based research, were sent a closed-end questionnaire consisting of nine case scenarios and six clinical management alternatives and the possibility to create one's own alternative, resulting in a \"nine-by-seven\" table. The research team defined its own pre hoc choice of \"clinically logical\" answers based on the team's clinical experience. The frequency of findings was compared to the suggestions of the research team.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Replies were received from 59 (60%) of the 99 persons who were invited to take part in the study. A pattern of self-reported clinical management strategies emerged, largely corresponding to the \"clinically logical\" answers suggested by the research team. In general, patients of concern would be referred out for a second opinion, cases with early recovery and without a history of previous low back pain would be quickly closed, and cases with quick recovery and a history of recurring events would be considered for maintenance care. However, also other management patterns were noted, in particular in the direction of maintenance care.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To a reasonable extent, Swedish chiropractors participating in this survey appear to agree on the clinical management for different cases of LBP.</p>","PeriodicalId":87173,"journal":{"name":"Chiropractic & osteopathy","volume":"16 ","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/1746-1340-16-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27503783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of in vitro interleukin-2 production in normal subjects following a single spinal manipulative treatment.","authors":"Julita A Teodorczyk-Injeyan,&nbsp;H Stephen Injeyan,&nbsp;Marion McGregor,&nbsp;Glen M Harris,&nbsp;Richard Ruegg","doi":"10.1186/1746-1340-16-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-1340-16-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Increasing evidence supports somato-visceral effects of manual therapies. We have previously demonstrated that a single spinal manipulative treatment (SMT) accompanied by audible release has an inhibitory effect on the production of proinflammatory cytokines in asymptomatic subjects. The purpose of this study is to report on SMT-related changes in the production of the immunoregulatory cytokine interleukin 2 (IL-2) and to investigate whether such changes might differ with respect to the treatment approach related to the presence or absence of an audible release (joint cavitation).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Of 76 asymptomatic subjects, 29 received SMT with cavitation (SMT-C), 23 were treated with SMT without cavitation (SMT-NC) and 24 comprised the venipuncture control (VC) group. The SMT-C and SMT-NC subjects received a single, similar force high velocity low amplitude manipulation, in the upper thoracic spine. However, in SMT-NC subjects, positioning and line of drive were not conducive to cavitation. Blood and serum samples were obtained before and then at 20 and 120 min post-intervention. The production of IL-2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures was induced by activation for 48 hr with Staphylococcal protein A (SPA) and, in parallel preparations, with the combination of phorbol ester (TPA) and calcium ionophore. The levels of IL-2 in culture supernatants and serum were assessed by specific immunoassays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with VC and their respective baselines, SPA-induced secretion of IL-2 increased significantly in cultures established from both SMT-C and SMT-NC subjects at 20 min post-intervention. At 2 hr post-treatment, significant elevation of IL-2 synthesis was still apparent in preparations from SMT-treated groups though it became somewhat attenuated in SMT-NC subjects. Conversely, IL-2 synthesis induced by TPA and calcium ionophore was unaltered by either type of SMT and was comparable to that in VC group at all time points. No significant alterations in serum-associated IL-2 levels were observed in any of the study groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study demonstrates that, the in vitro T lymphocyte response to a conventional mitogen (SPA), as measured by IL-2 synthesis, can become enhanced following SMT. Furthermore, within a period of time following the manipulative intervention, this effect may be independent of joint cavitation. Thus the results of this study suggest that, under certain physiological conditions, SMT might influence IL-2-regulated biological responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":87173,"journal":{"name":"Chiropractic & osteopathy","volume":"16 ","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/1746-1340-16-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27467180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}