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Clinics in occupational and environmental medicine最新文献

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Aerosol dosimetry considerations. 气溶胶剂量学的考虑。
Clinics in occupational and environmental medicine Pub Date : 2006-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coem.2006.07.004
Robert F Phalen, Michael J Oldham
{"title":"Aerosol dosimetry considerations.","authors":"Robert F Phalen,&nbsp;Michael J Oldham","doi":"10.1016/j.coem.2006.07.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coem.2006.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The concept of dose is fundamental to the discipline of toxicology. For inhaled particles, dose considerations include the sequential processes of inhalation, particle deposition, and particle clearance. Several important parameters modify each of these processes, including environmental, anatomic, and physiologic factors. When such factors are considered, it is possible to identify subpopulations and individuals who are likely to receive particle doses that greatly exceed those for the average population. Higher than average doses can be expected for people who are young, have certain acute or chronic lung diseases, are engaged in exercise, or are exposed in close proximity to sources of air pollutants. Although considerable research has improved the understanding of inhaled particle doses, much is still to be learned before high-risk groups and individuals can be protected properly.</p>","PeriodicalId":87077,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in occupational and environmental medicine","volume":"5 4","pages":"773-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26426889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Long-term effects of exposure to particulate air pollution. 暴露于空气微粒污染的长期影响。
Clinics in occupational and environmental medicine Pub Date : 2006-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coem.2006.07.008
Joel Schwartz
{"title":"Long-term effects of exposure to particulate air pollution.","authors":"Joel Schwartz","doi":"10.1016/j.coem.2006.07.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coem.2006.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Considerable work has been done to elucidate the effects of polluted air, most of which has studied acute effects of particles. Studies suggest that the effects of longer term exposures are more than just the daily sum of the acute effects. Because most of the studies of acute effects have examined changes in health status occurring within days of the exposure, this article takes a broad definition of long-term exposure to include averaging times of months to years. It concludes that health effects increase as length of exposure increases, but much of that increase occurs within the first year.</p>","PeriodicalId":87077,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in occupational and environmental medicine","volume":"5 4","pages":"837-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26426893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
Responses of the heart to ambient particle inhalation. 心脏对周围颗粒吸入的反应。
Clinics in occupational and environmental medicine Pub Date : 2006-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coem.2006.07.002
John J Godleski
{"title":"Responses of the heart to ambient particle inhalation.","authors":"John J Godleski","doi":"10.1016/j.coem.2006.07.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coem.2006.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article focuses on responses to ambient particles by the heart. Available data from human studies and animal studies are reviewed in an attempt to find a common understanding in the findings. The pathophysiologic mechanisms responsible for these health effects are likely to be complex, and it is highly probable that several different mechanisms work in concert. Current evidence suggests that inhaled particles exert their effects on the heart via the autonomic nervous system and via the coronary vasculature. Direct effects on the myocardium by inhaled ambient particles or their constituents require more research.</p>","PeriodicalId":87077,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in occupational and environmental medicine","volume":"5 4","pages":"849-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26426894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 27
Impairment and disability rating in low back pain. 腰痛的损伤和残疾等级。
Clinics in occupational and environmental medicine Pub Date : 2006-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coem.2006.03.001
Richard T Katz
{"title":"Impairment and disability rating in low back pain.","authors":"Richard T Katz","doi":"10.1016/j.coem.2006.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coem.2006.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many publications emphasize the theoretical relationship between impairment, disability, and the workplace. This article intended to provide the reader with some framework in this regard, but its main intent is to create a practical how-to-guide in the evaluation of impairment and disability that result from low back pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":87077,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in occupational and environmental medicine","volume":"5 3","pages":"719-40, viii"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26245827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 29
Translocation and effects of ultrafine particles outside of the lung. 肺外超细颗粒的易位及其影响。
Clinics in occupational and environmental medicine Pub Date : 2006-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coem.2006.07.003
Alison Elder, Günter Oberdörster
{"title":"Translocation and effects of ultrafine particles outside of the lung.","authors":"Alison Elder,&nbsp;Günter Oberdörster","doi":"10.1016/j.coem.2006.07.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coem.2006.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ultrafine, or nano-, particles (< 100 nm) have been associated in epidemiological, human clinical, and animal studies with adverse cardiopulmonary outcomes. Deposition of inhaled ultrafine particles in the respiratory tract is mainly governed by diffusion and is most efficient for alveolar regions of the lung, although deposition occurs in other regions, too. The nose is also a very efficient filter for smaller ultrafine (< 5 nm, diffusion) particles. Solid poorly-soluble ultrafine particles are not efficiently cleared via mucociliary or macrophage-mediated mechanisms and are, thus, likely to be taken up by epithelial cells and translocate to extrapulmonary sites (interstitium, lymph and blood circulation, neurons). These translocation processes are explored here as well potential consequences that result from exposure of extrapulmonary organs to inhaled ultrafine particles.</p>","PeriodicalId":87077,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in occupational and environmental medicine","volume":"5 4","pages":"785-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26426890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 165
Occupational low back pain. 职业性腰痛。
Clinics in occupational and environmental medicine Pub Date : 2006-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coem.2006.05.001
Todd P Stitik, Michael Y Chang, Joshua Levy, Scott F Nadler
{"title":"Occupational low back pain.","authors":"Todd P Stitik,&nbsp;Michael Y Chang,&nbsp;Joshua Levy,&nbsp;Scott F Nadler","doi":"10.1016/j.coem.2006.05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coem.2006.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Low back injury is one of the most common conditions in the workplace. The causes are multifactorial and must be sought during the physician's examination. Failure to perform a comprehensive history and physical examination ultimately can lead to treatment failure and injury recurrence. A comprehensive history and physical may help clinicians to differentiate organic and nonorganic causes of low back pain. Different diagnoses need specific rather than generalized treatment programs. Teaching clinicians the nuances of the history and physical examination in a setting with an injured worker is the goal of this article.</p>","PeriodicalId":87077,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in occupational and environmental medicine","volume":"5 3","pages":"545-69, v-vi"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26245952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Complex regional pain syndrome type I in the upper extremity. 上肢复杂区域性疼痛综合征I型。
Clinics in occupational and environmental medicine Pub Date : 2006-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coem.2005.11.006
Christopher Doro, Radford J Hayden, Dean S Louis
{"title":"Complex regional pain syndrome type I in the upper extremity.","authors":"Christopher Doro,&nbsp;Radford J Hayden,&nbsp;Dean S Louis","doi":"10.1016/j.coem.2005.11.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coem.2005.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) remains a challenging condition for physicians to treat since the earliest descriptions dating back to the Civil War. It has been most commonly reported after traumatic injury or fracture; however, many other causes have been documented. This article focuses on CRPS type 1 as it pertains to the upper extremity. In general, patients who have complex regional pain syndrome suffer from pain, sensory changes, edema, sweating, and temperature disturbance in the afflicted extremity. Chronic changes can involve the skin, nails, and bone. The pathophysiology of this condition remains unclear and is probably multifactorial, involving persistent inflammation, the sympathetic nervous system, the central nervous system and external stimuli. Treatment should be based on a multidisciplinary experienced team approach that is focused on functional restoration. Future research will provide insight into pathophysiology and optimal treatment regimens.</p>","PeriodicalId":87077,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in occupational and environmental medicine","volume":"5 2","pages":"445-54, x"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26377726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 31
Prevention strategies for occupational low back pain. 职业性腰痛的预防策略。
Clinics in occupational and environmental medicine Pub Date : 2006-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coem.2005.11.018
Bryan D Kaplansky, Frank Y Wei, Mark V Reecer
{"title":"Prevention strategies for occupational low back pain.","authors":"Bryan D Kaplansky,&nbsp;Frank Y Wei,&nbsp;Mark V Reecer","doi":"10.1016/j.coem.2005.11.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coem.2005.11.018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The authors investigate the effects of worker education and training, exercise, and ergonomics on the incidence of low back pain in occupational settings. Prevention strategies that involve risk factor modification, worker selection, and lumbar orthotics are also examined.</p>","PeriodicalId":87077,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in occupational and environmental medicine","volume":"5 3","pages":"529-44, v"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26245950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Patient selection. 病人的选择。
Clinics in occupational and environmental medicine Pub Date : 2006-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coem.2005.11.009
Terry M McCurry, Morton L Kasdan
{"title":"Patient selection.","authors":"Terry M McCurry,&nbsp;Morton L Kasdan","doi":"10.1016/j.coem.2005.11.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coem.2005.11.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patient selection is the process by which an evaluating surgeon decides whether to accept responsibility for the care and treatment of a potential patient. It is assumed the physician has the requisite knowledge to assess the anatomic disorder and the technical ability to render appropriate care if needed. The aim of this article is to help the less experienced health care professional sort out which patients, either by true psychological disorder or personality and behavioral traits, pose the highest risk of a poor outcome. An unsatisfactory outcome can be measured not only by failure to resolve the disorder but also by expenditure of a disproportionate amount of practice resources in achieving resolution of the problem.</p>","PeriodicalId":87077,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in occupational and environmental medicine","volume":"5 2","pages":"217-23, v"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26377791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ergonomic considerations in work-related upper extremity disorders. 与工作有关的上肢疾病的人体工程学考虑。
Clinics in occupational and environmental medicine Pub Date : 2006-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coem.2005.11.012
Brian Pearce
{"title":"Ergonomic considerations in work-related upper extremity disorders.","authors":"Brian Pearce","doi":"10.1016/j.coem.2005.11.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coem.2005.11.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Correctly applied, an ergonomics approach can reduce the likelihood of work-induced disorders and can assist in accommodating individuals who have work-related disorders, but it cannot eliminate disorders that have been mistakenly attributed to work by social processes. A contextual model of work-related upper extremity disorders is proposed that explicitly acknowledges that factors extrinsic to work can shape perceptions of upper extremity disorders and influence the process of somatic interpretation and health outcomes. Experiences in the United Kingdom of ergonomic regulations associated with computer use and the media coverage of work-related upper extremity disorders are used to illustrate this model.</p>","PeriodicalId":87077,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in occupational and environmental medicine","volume":"5 2","pages":"249-66, vi"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26377794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
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