Clinics in occupational and environmental medicine最新文献

{"title":"Respiratory infections: SARS and tuberculosis.","authors":"Allison Martin,&nbsp;Jeanne Pierre Baptiste,&nbsp;Gary Krieger","doi":"10.1016/j.coem.2003.10.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coem.2003.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Positive-microscopy TB is a real issue for the respiratory diseases department of N'Djaména General Hospital, with a prevalence rate of 37 cases in 100 patients. The delay of diagnosis for positive-microscopy TB is excessive. Patients seem to be more responsible for this delay than the healthcare facilities. The factors that delay treatment of TB in N'Djaména are that (1) TB diagnosis in peripheral hospitals lengthens physician delay, and (2) seeking initial treatment outside conventional medicine lengthens patient delay. The following recommendations arise from this study: For the public health ministry: Reboost the national program against TB in Chad. Increase personnel in the respiratory diseases department at the N'Djaména General Hospital. Provide refresher TB education to care providers, stressing the importance of communication with the patient. For the national program against TB in Chad: Initiate a public information, education, and communication campaign about TB. Implement use of DOTS nationwide. For physicians increase communication with patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":87077,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in occupational and environmental medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"189-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.coem.2003.10.006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24434750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the fence line: corporate social responsibility.","authors":"Myron Harrison","doi":"10.1016/j.coem.2003.10.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coem.2003.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ability to demonstrate acceptable performance against the expectations of a CSR movement is part of the corporate license to operate in many locations. Because health and medical programs are core elements of these activities, numerous opportunities exist for physicians to contribute to health and prosperity in underdeveloped locations. Individuals who are involved in designing and administrating these activities need to maintain critical objectivity about the actual consequences and maintain a close dialog with the intended beneficiaries. The value of the CSR agenda is beginning a long empirical trial.</p>","PeriodicalId":87077,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in occupational and environmental medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.coem.2003.10.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24434841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical problems in the returning expatriate.","authors":"Natasha Hochberg,&nbsp;Edward T Ryan","doi":"10.1016/j.coem.2003.09.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coem.2003.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Expatriates are at risk for a number of infectious diseases for which short-term travelers generally are not at risk. Returning expatriates should undergo a detailed physical examination and a basic set of laboratory tests; these tests should be tailored to their specific history and exposures. Febrile patients with an appropriate exposure history must be evaluated for malaria; other potential diagnoses may be determined by incubation period, geographic exposure, and associated symptoms. When evaluating an ill returned expatriate with fever, it is important to exclude malaria, typhoid, leishmaniasis, brucellosis, tuberculosis, HIV infection, and syphilis. Gastrointestinal irregularities in expatriates may be caused by a number of infectious and noninfectious causes, including intestinal helminthiasis, strongyloidiasis, schistosomiasis, liver flukes, and amebiasis. Eosinophilia in returned expatriates often is associated with an infectious process and should be evaluated. Many infections associated with long-term overseas deployment may include dermatologic manifestations, including filariasis and leishmaniasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":87077,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in occupational and environmental medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"205-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.coem.2003.09.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24434751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress in expatriates.","authors":"L Lei,&nbsp;Y X Liang,&nbsp;Gary R Krieger","doi":"10.1016/j.coem.2003.12.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coem.2003.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With economic globalization, the rate and effects of culture shock stress in expatriates and their families are expected to increase. The stressor may occur from the micro-environment, the macro-environment, or the mega-environment. The effects of stress are frequently due to predictable reactions such as insecurity, distress, and homesickness. These symptoms can progress to more severe psychosomatic symptoms, including depressive reactions and overt psychopathic behavior. Cross-cultural training programs are currently the best preventive strategy for culture shock and subsequent stress; however, the true efficacy of these programs is not well characterized. Substance abuse is probably a significant underlying problem for international business travelers; however, the true magnitude and effects of this issue are not well characterized in the expatriate community. There are substantial opportunities for additional medical research in these areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":87077,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in occupational and environmental medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"221-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.coem.2003.12.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24434752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community health outreach program of the Chad-Cameroon petroleum development and pipeline project.","authors":"Jürg Utzinger,&nbsp;Kaspar Wyss,&nbsp;Daugla D Moto,&nbsp;Marcel Tanner,&nbsp;Burton H Singer","doi":"10.1016/j.coem.2003.09.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coem.2003.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A critical appraisal has been presented of the CHOP for a large-scale energy infrastructure development project that was implemented in two of the world's poorest countries. The project is under close scrutiny from various independent monitoring groups, civil society organizations, and human rights groups. Reviewing the achievements and shortcomings permits the extraction of important lessons that will be critical for the future adoption of the CHOP in the current setting and for the implementation of additional CHOPs elsewhere in the developing world. The authors believe that the design must be flexible, efficient, and innovative so that a CHOP promptly can address pressing public health issues as they arise (eg, epidemic outbreak) and include the needs and demands of the concerned communities. An innovative feature of the current project is the high degree and mix of public-private partnerships. The project's CHOP also relies on partnerships. As elaborated elsewhere, public-private partnerships should be seen as a social experiment--they reveal promise but are not the solution for every problem. For this CHOP, the focus is on partnerships between a multinational consortium, government agencies, and international organizations. The partnerships also include civil society organizations for monitoring and evaluation and local NGOs designated for the implementation of the selected public health interventions within the CHOP. The governments and their respective health policies often form the umbrella under which the partnerships operate. With the increase in globalization, however, the importance and capacities of governments have diminished, and there is growing private-sector involvement. Private enterprise is seen as an efficient, innovative, pragmatic, and powerful means to achieve environmental and social sustainability. Experiences with the partnership configurations in the current CHOP are of importance for tackling grand challenges in global health by applying a systemic approach. Other innovations of the project in general, and the CHOP in particular, are the strong emphases on institutional-capacity building, integration, and sustainability. In countries like Chad and Cameroon, there are serious shortages of well-qualified health personnel. The CHOP described in this article provides leverage for initiating better healthcare that will reduce the high burden of disease in the developing world. Reducing mortality rates for infants and children younger than 5 years in sub-Saharan Africa requires massive scaling-up of malaria-control interventions (eg, large-scale distribution of ITNs to protect millions of African children), thereby approaching the Abuja targets (see Armstrong Schellenberg et al). The local NGOs that took a lead within the framework of the CHOP in the distribution of ITNs and accompanying health education messages can extend these activities to communities living outside the vicinity of the project area. Serious shortc","PeriodicalId":87077,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in occupational and environmental medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"9-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.coem.2003.09.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24434842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Government approaches to reducing workplace violence","authors":"J. Howard, R. Barish","doi":"10.1016/S1526-0046(03)00114-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1526-0046(03)00114-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87077,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in occupational and environmental medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"721-732"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56551681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Workplace violence: a legal perspective","authors":"R. Speer","doi":"10.1016/S1526-0046(03)00121-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1526-0046(03)00121-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87077,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in occupational and environmental medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"733-749"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1526-0046(03)00121-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56551963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatal and nonfatal assaults in the workplace, 1996 to 2000","authors":"S. Richardson, J. Windau","doi":"10.1016/S1526-0046(03)00127-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1526-0046(03)00127-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87077,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in occupational and environmental medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"673-689"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1526-0046(03)00127-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56552496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Workplace violence: how do we improve approaches to prevention?","authors":"C. Peekasa, L. Jenkins","doi":"10.1016/S1526-0046(03)00118-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1526-0046(03)00118-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87077,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in occupational and environmental medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"659-672"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1526-0046(03)00118-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56551762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building an effective workplace violence prevention program in healthcare","authors":"E. Elaskari","doi":"10.1016/S1526-0046(03)00115-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1526-0046(03)00115-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87077,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in occupational and environmental medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"843-854"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1526-0046(03)00115-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56551710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}