ASME Open Journal of Engineering最新文献_第3页

The Importance of Transparency in Regulation 监管透明度的重要性

ASME Open Journal of Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1115/1.4056536

Samuel Miranda, Ralph Caruso

{"title":"The Importance of Transparency in Regulation","authors":"Samuel Miranda, Ralph Caruso","doi":"10.1115/1.4056536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4056536","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The annual audit plan of the Office of the Inspector General (OIG) of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), which was issued in November 2020, included an audit of the NRC’s practice of allowing “drop-in” visits. These are closed meetings of senior executives of licensees and NRC management. NRC procedures assume that “drop-in” visits do not concern any matters that are related to pending regulatory decisions that could affect the interests of those licensees. The audit objective was to determine whether NRC policies and procedures for non-public interactions with industry stakeholders are adequate to prevent compromise of the independence of agency staff or the appearance of conflicts of interest. The results of this audit were issued in August 2022. In 2017, the OIG conducted another audit [USNRC, OIG-17-A-23, “Audit of NRC's 10 CFR 2.206 Petition Review Process,” August 22, 2017, ADAMS No. ML17234A561] that focused on the public’s trust and confidence in the NRC. That audit examined the procedure that the NRC staff used to evaluate 10 CFR §2.206 enforcement petitions. The OIG found that the NRC staff had not issued a single enforcement order, as the result of 38 enforcement petitions that it had received in the prior three fiscal years, ending in 2016. The OIG concluded that the lack of such actions could adversely affect the public’s perspective on the effectiveness of the agency’s 10 CFR 2.206 petition process. Both audits are discussed in context with examples that illustrate the NRC’s implementation of its policy of transparency, in theory and practice.","PeriodicalId":8652,"journal":{"name":"ASME Open Journal of Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83888041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Medical Device Hybrid Manufacturing: Translating the Coordinate System From Metal Additive Manufacturing to Subtractive Post-Processing 医疗器械混合制造:从金属增材制造到减法后处理的坐标系转换

ASME Open Journal of Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1115/1.4062187

Justin T. Suriano, A. Tafuni, Lewis Mullen, J. Racanelli, R. Tarantino, S. Lieber

{"title":"Medical Device Hybrid Manufacturing: Translating the Coordinate System From Metal Additive Manufacturing to Subtractive Post-Processing","authors":"Justin T. Suriano, A. Tafuni, Lewis Mullen, J. Racanelli, R. Tarantino, S. Lieber","doi":"10.1115/1.4062187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4062187","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Additive manufacturing (AM) has transformed not only how parts can be realized but also their design. Metal additive manufacturing (MAM) has increased AM’s utility toward the manufacture of functional products. This has been seen in several industries including medical device, aerospace, and the automotive industries. The main limitation of MAM continues to be the part dimensional tolerances that can be achieved, and the respective surface finish produced. Hybrid manufacturing processes have been used to address these limitations; however, there remain challenges of how to translate the component’s coordinate system from AM to subtractive post-processes. This paper explores this topic through a medical device case study. A translatable coordinate system was produced by first designing features to serve as a datum reference frame (DRF). These features were introduced by MAM and then finalized with wire-electrical discharge machining (EDM). The produced DRF features successfully prepared the component for translation from the MAM to subtractive post-process. The completed medical device component met the expected requirements with a less than 1% difference on key part nominal dimensions. In addition, the hybrid process exhibited a potential for sustainable manufacturing with a buy-to-fly ratio of 6:1. The study demonstrated that a coordinate system can be translated effectively in hybrid manufacturing by designing part features informed by both AM and wire-EDM processes.","PeriodicalId":8652,"journal":{"name":"ASME Open Journal of Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88914817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Offshore Logistics: Scenario Planning and Installation Modeling of Floating Offshore Wind Projects 海上物流:浮动海上风电项目的场景规划和安装建模

ASME Open Journal of Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1115/1.4056882

E. S. Torres, P. Thies, M. Lawless

{"title":"Offshore Logistics: Scenario Planning and Installation Modeling of Floating Offshore Wind Projects","authors":"E. S. Torres, P. Thies, M. Lawless","doi":"10.1115/1.4056882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4056882","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The offshore installation, logistics, and commissioning activities are currently estimated to make up 20% to 30% of the capital expenditures (CAPEX) of offshore wind projects. Technical and geographical factors affect both the CAPEX during construction and the installation schedule, such as a lack of supporting port infrastructure, the availability of specialized vessels, the distance from the wind farm to shore, accessibility, water depths, and seabed conditions. In addition, there are significant risks during the construction phase, such as uncertain durations due to the sensitivity of marine operations to weather conditions. Identifying supply chain requirements is critical in the early stages of project planning in order to avoid time delays and cost overruns during the transport and installation process. This study explores and analyzes the logistic requirements and installation methods of a floating offshore wind (FOW) technology. Using an advanced forecasting and decision support tool, realistic case scenarios are simulated at a variety of potential sites for FOW deployment across the UK. Technical risks associated with installation strategies are identified and classified. The results provide a comparison of key installation performance indicators of each case scenario (e.g., installation rate per wind turbine, weather downtime). This study is of interest to researchers, offshore wind project developers, service providers, and other key stakeholders seeking to optimize planning and logistics to drive down CAPEX costs, reduce the construction downtime, and minimize risks during marine operations.","PeriodicalId":8652,"journal":{"name":"ASME Open Journal of Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86755928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Laser Forming of Compliant Mechanisms 柔性机构的激光成形

ASME Open Journal of Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1115/1.4057048

Daniel C. Ames, Gabriel L. Smith, N. Lazarus, L. Howell, S.P. Magleby

{"title":"Laser Forming of Compliant Mechanisms","authors":"Daniel C. Ames, Gabriel L. Smith, N. Lazarus, L. Howell, S.P. Magleby","doi":"10.1115/1.4057048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4057048","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Small-scale flexible (or compliant) mechanisms are valuable in replacing rigid components while retaining comparable motion and behavior. However, fabricating such mechanisms on this scale (from 0.01 to 10 cm) proves difficult, especially with thin sheet metals. The manufacturing method of laser forming, which uses a laser to cut and bend metal into desired shapes, could facilitate this fabrication. However, specific methods for designing mechanisms formed by lasers need to be developed. This work presents laser forming as a means for creating compliant mechanisms on this scale with thin sheet metal. The unique challenges for designing mechanisms to be laser formed are explored, and new adaptations of existing designs are fabricated and discussed. The design of basic “building-block” features is developed for several mechanisms: a parallel-guided mechanism, a cross-axis flexural pivot, a lamina emergent torsional (LET) joint array, a split-tube flexure, and a bi-stable switch. These mechanisms are shown to perform repeatable behavior and motion comparable to existing nonlaser-formed versions. The further possibilities for fabricating compliant mechanisms with laser forming are explored, as advanced applications can benefit from using lasers to create compliant mechanisms from thin sheet metal.","PeriodicalId":8652,"journal":{"name":"ASME Open Journal of Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77182636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Protective Biology and Engineering 防护生物学与工程

ASME Open Journal of Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1115/1.4063086

Shu Q. Liu

引用次数: 0

Manufacturing Strategies to Mitigate Deformation Twinning in Magnesium 减轻镁中变形孪晶的制造策略

ASME Open Journal of Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1115/1.4056553

Shelby Rustom, YubRaj Paudel, S. Mujahid, Matthew S. Cagle, Prathmesh Anantwar, K. Hazeli, Robert Moser, B. Paliwal, H. Rhee, H. El Kadiri, C. Barrett

{"title":"Manufacturing Strategies to Mitigate Deformation Twinning in Magnesium","authors":"Shelby Rustom, YubRaj Paudel, S. Mujahid, Matthew S. Cagle, Prathmesh Anantwar, K. Hazeli, Robert Moser, B. Paliwal, H. Rhee, H. El Kadiri, C. Barrett","doi":"10.1115/1.4056553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4056553","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Magnesium (Mg) alloys exhibit poor room temperature ductility, which prohibits forming operations in cost-effective industrial settings and the use of these alloys in critical safety components. Profuse twinning in Mg alloys is widely associated with high strain path anisotropy and low material ductility. Twinning typically propagates across the grains through the autocatalysis phenomena in typical texture conditions. Twin–twin and twin–slip interactions often lead to high strain incompatibilities and eventually failure. One way to avoid such premature failure is to prevent the early nucleation of twins. This research tests a hypothesis that a strong yet ductile phase surrounding each individual grain in traditional polycrystals could inhibit twin accommodation effects and thus twin nucleation and autocatalysis mechanisms at grain boundaries. As a proof-of-concept for testing this hypothesis, sharply textured magnesium sheets plated with different materials were subjected to four-point bending to assess the potential of a surface/grain boundary barrier in limiting twinning extent. The results showed that Mg AZ31 alloy plated with zinc alleviated twin nucleation while improving the strength of the alloy.","PeriodicalId":8652,"journal":{"name":"ASME Open Journal of Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91278161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Behavior of Vertical Axis Water Turbine With Flexible Blades: Self-Start, Ventilation, and Cavitation 柔性叶片垂直轴水轮机的特性:自启动、通风和空化

ASME Open Journal of Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1115/1.4063084

Emine Celik Foust

引用次数: 0

Optimal Composition of Palm Oil Biomass to Minimize Biomass Power Plants’ Greenhouse Gases Emission 棕榈油生物质的最佳组成，以尽量减少生物质发电厂的温室气体排放

ASME Open Journal of Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1115/1.4062627

Muhammad Awaluddin Harahap, Agus Haeruman, E. Mokheimer

{"title":"Optimal Composition of Palm Oil Biomass to Minimize Biomass Power Plants’ Greenhouse Gases Emission","authors":"Muhammad Awaluddin Harahap, Agus Haeruman, E. Mokheimer","doi":"10.1115/1.4062627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4062627","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The increasing energy demand and rising concern about climate change have become two significant factors in finding alternative energy sources other than fossil fuels. Biomass has been implemented by several tropical countries such as Indonesia and Malaysia to answer this challenge by utilizing palm oil by-products as boiler fuels to generate steam for palm oil mill (POM) processing as well as for electricity generation. Fiber and kernel shell have become two major palm oil residues that have been implemented for this purpose. Moreover, empty fruit bunch (EFB) can also become another alternative biomass to fuel the boiler. This study is aimed at analyzing and optimizing the utilization of fiber, shell, and EFB by adjusting percentile contents of those three constituents and evaluating the CO2 production. The result of this analysis indicates that the best composition to minimize the CO2 of the biomass power plant is using 70% fiber, 0% shell, and 30% EFB. However, the increase of NO2 and SO2 must also be considered to find the correct balance between those three emissions. In addition, EFB should be pretreated (drying and shredding) before the combustion to reduce the water content and the dimension of EFB.","PeriodicalId":8652,"journal":{"name":"ASME Open Journal of Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76927025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modeling and Design of Hinged Tile-Based Curling Air Surface for Morphing Windshield Cowling 可变形挡风玻璃整流罩铰链式瓦片卷曲气面建模与设计

ASME Open Journal of Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1115/1.4062220

Tiantian Li, J. Luntz, D. Brei, P. Alexander, Wonhee Kim

{"title":"Modeling and Design of Hinged Tile-Based Curling Air Surface for Morphing Windshield Cowling","authors":"Tiantian Li, J. Luntz, D. Brei, P. Alexander, Wonhee Kim","doi":"10.1115/1.4062220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4062220","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The gap between the windshield and hood allows windshield wipers to operate, but causes problems gathering leaves and snow. Active morphing approaches provide an opportunity to create a windshield cowling that addresses this issue by covering the gap normally and actively curling out of the way to allow wiper operation. Most existing morphing techniques lack simultaneous large force/stroke generation, cannot perform two-way actuation, or fail to rigidly hold their position against varying loads such as wind. This article studies a novel curling air surface based on hinged T-shaped tiles that improve upon existing technologies by adding straightening actuation to out-of-plane curling with large force and deflection, while also holding position rigidly. Through vacuuming an upper curling bladder enclosing the tiles and inflating lower straightening bladders spanning the hinge lines, the air surface uncovers and covers the gap against wind loads and holds its curled position rigidly using inter-tile hard stops. An analytical surface model aggregated from multiple instances of a first principle unit curling model predicts the air surface performance. This model includes additional kinematic effects, extending the range of applicability, and additional bladder effect phenomenological terms to improve accuracy. The model is validated across scales and enables design space visualization, which is applied to design a windshield cowling. The resulting design is validated and demonstrated in a full-scale prototype. This article provides the technology concept, supporting model, and design approach to broadly apply this useful air surface to other morphing applications.","PeriodicalId":8652,"journal":{"name":"ASME Open Journal of Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75838949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multi-Objective Optimization and Tradespace Analysis of a Mechanical Clock Movement Design 机械时钟机芯设计的多目标优化与交易空间分析

ASME Open Journal of Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1115/1.4062410

Yifan Xu, Cameron Turner, John Wagner

{"title":"Multi-Objective Optimization and Tradespace Analysis of a Mechanical Clock Movement Design","authors":"Yifan Xu, Cameron Turner, John Wagner","doi":"10.1115/1.4062410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4062410","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Pendulum clocks were the prevalent time keeping standard for centuries to regulate commerce and public activities. These mechanical movements were the most accurate timekeepers globally until replaced by electric clocks. Although mainly used for decorative purposes today, the pendulum clock's working principles and mechanical behavior can serve to demonstrate fundamental science and engineering concepts. The tradeoff between a clock's quality factor, pendulum properties, and period can best be explored with multiple objective optimization and tradespace analysis methods. In this project, a Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA-II) and a Multi-Objective Simulated Annealing (MOSA) optimization approaches are applied to evaluate a Graham escapement street clock for pendulum mass and time accuracy with a range of the period. These clock designs vary the pendulum length, pendulum bob radius, and bob thickness. Horological concepts are used to calculate the overall performance and general utility. The numerical results show a 0.7% increase in the quality factor, and a 0.56% reduction in the mass, while maintaining the designed period by modifying the clock parameters. More importantly, these changes can provide material cost savings in a mass production scenario. Overall, the study highlights the tradeoff designer engineers have considered for decades which can now be visualized using computer tools for greater insight.","PeriodicalId":8652,"journal":{"name":"ASME Open Journal of Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88286912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0