Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii i immunobiologii最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of the epidemiological significance of molecular genetic factors in relation to the intensity of post-vaccination immunity against hepatitis B","authors":"N. V. Vlasenko, N. S. Churilova, T. A. Loskutova, K. Mironov, A. Esman, E. Dunaeva, T. Semenenko, Z. S. Rodionova, I. Nikitin, A. V. Tutelian, S. Kuzin, V. Akimkin","doi":"10.36233/0372-9311-246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-246","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Hepatitis B retains the status of socially significant infection and remains a major health problem worldwide, including the Russian Federation. The improvement of the effectiveness of the current complex of preventive measures, especially vaccination, is an important task for public health. Although vaccination against hepatitis B is highly successful, 5% to 10% of individuals do not experience a response to vaccine with an adequate level of antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs). One of the key factors determining the absence or insufficiency of post-vaccination immunity against hepatitis B may be the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that change gene sequences, including those that determine the mechanism of immunogenesis. Such genetic changes may affect the signaling pathways and result in significant decrease in antibody response to hepatitis B vaccine. Assessment of epidemiological significance of such SNPs is an important task, considering its possible associations with failure to respond adequately to vaccination.The aim of the study was to determine the effect of SNPs of IL1B (rs1143634, rs1143627), IL1RN (rs4251961, rs419598), IL6 (rs1800795), IL10 (rs1800896), TULP1 (rs9380516), TLR4 (rs4986790), MERTK (rs4374383) genes on the formation of post-vaccination immunity against hepatitis B.Materials and methods. Healthcare workers (n = 271) of the Treatment and Rehabilitation Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation with known vaccination history, data on age, work experience and department of the medical institution were included in this research. The presence and levels of anti-HBs and anti-HBcore IgG antibodies were determined by the ELISA method using the DS-ELISA-ANTI-HBs and DS-ELISA-ANTI-HBc kits, according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Genotyping was performed by real time polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analysis of data was carried out using the \"Statistica 6.0\" software.Results. Statistically significant differences in the frequencies of CC (rs9380516) genotypes (p = 0.034; OR 0.497; 95% CI 0.261–0.949) and CT (p = 0.044; OR 1.967; 95% CI 1.015–3.812) of the TULP1 gene in the group of individuals with anti-HBs concentrations of 10–100 IU/l were found in association with the intensity of the post-vaccination response against hepatitis B. Also, for this group, differences were found in the structure of the TT/CT genotype pair of IL-10/TULP1 genes (rs1800896/rs9380516) (p = 0.003; OR = 5.39; 95% CI 1.7–17.4) and for the combination of AA/TT SNP MERTK/IL1RN genotypes (rs4374383/rs4251961) (p = 0.003; OR = 7.96; 95% CI 1.7–37.6).Conclusion. Our study revealed that above variants of genotypes could play a role in predicting an increased risk of low (or absence) post-vaccination immune response against hepatitis B. It seems appropriate to use the relationship between the gene polymorphisms and a low concentration of post-vaccination anti-HBs antibodies in assessing scenarios","PeriodicalId":86479,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii i immunobiologii","volume":"2070 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91330445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and immunogenicity of live intranasal pertussis vaccine GamLVP in the experimental infant hamadryas baboon model","authors":"A. A. Djidaryan, A. Matua, A. Medkova, E. G. Semin, L. N. Sinyashina, I. Dyakov, I. Chernyshova, D. T. Kubrava, A. A. Amichba, I. G. Kondzariya, Z. Y. Mikvabiya, G. I. Karataev","doi":"10.36233/0372-9311-190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-190","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The Gamaleya National Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology has developed a live intranasal pertussis vaccine, GamLVP, for protection against whooping cough. It is indicated for vaccination of infants and revaccination of adults of all age groups. Preclinical studies on suckling mice or rats and adult monkeys as well as clinical trials involving adult volunteers demonstrated safety and efficacy of the GamLVP vaccine. The expansion of the GamLVP vaccine to be used for vaccination of infants requires additional preclinical studies to assess its safety and immunogenicity in the most suitable experimental model of infant hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas).The aim of the study was to assess safety and immunogenicity of the GamLVP vaccine administered intranasally for a single dose, two-dose, and three-dose immunization of P. hamadryas infants.Materials and methods. The study was performed in three 1–2-month-old P. hamadryas infants kept, together with their mothers, in a separate cage. The results of the complete blood count and biochemical profile tests were measured before and after the immunization and experimental infection. The enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was used to detect any changes in the levels of specific IgG antibodies in sera from the mothers and infants; the agglutination test (AT) was used to measure titers of total anti-pertussis antibodies.Results. The intranasal immunization of P. hamadryas infants with the GamLVP vaccine triggered development of a specific humoral immune response mediated by IgG antibodies (pertussis toxin + filamentous hemagglutinin), increased titers of total agglutinating anti-pertussis antibodies, caused no local and systemic reactions, caused no changes in the complete blood count and biochemical profile. The experimental infection of the GamLVPimmunized P. hamadryas infants did not cause any changes in the laboratory blood test values and any clinical manifestations typical of the pertussis infection.","PeriodicalId":86479,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii i immunobiologii","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81139635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differentiation of the Francsella tularensis subspecies by the INDEL typing method","authors":"V. M. Sorokin, A. S. Vodopyanov, M. V. Tsimbalistova, N. V. Pavlovich","doi":"10.36233/0372-9311-189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-189","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Francisella tularensis, the etiological agent of tularemia, belongs to the facultative intracellular pathogens that cause severe disease in humans and man species of animals, and is a category A bioterrorism agent. Currently, F. tularensis is divided into four subspecies: F. tularensis subsp. tularensis (nearctica), F. tularensis subsp. holarctica, F. tularensis subsp. mediasiatica, F. tularensis subsp novicida, which differ in their pathogenicity and geographical distribution. Historically, this division was due to the different distribution area of strains, their differences in biochemical activity and pathogenicity for different hosts. The biochemical identification of subspecies is very laborious and requires work with live cultures of the microorganism, which determines the need to develop new molecular genetic approaches for genotyping F. tularensis strains.The aim of this study is to develop a method for differentiating subspecies and individual groups of F. tularensis based on INDEL typing. Research objectives: creation of a local database of nucleotide sequences of F. tularensis strains of different subspecies, search for INDEL markers that are significant for the differentiation of subspecies of the causative agent of tularemia, designing primers for the detection of INDEL markers using PCR, optimization of the set of INDEL markers and elucidation of phylogenetic relationships between the studied strains based on the proposed INDEL typing method.Materials and methods. The local database of nucleotide sequences of F. tularensis strains of different subspecies for comparative analysis of F. tularensis genomes presented in the GenBank database was created using the author's software. Detection of INDEL markers in the genomes of strains of the local database was carried out using the GeneExpert program. Primer design and in silico PCR were performed using the Primer3Plus software and the proprietary VirtualPCR software. Cluster analysis and construction of a phylogenetic tree were performed using the GrapeTree program.Results and discussion. The implementation of the proposed five INDEL markers for genotyping of 29 studied strains of different subspecies from the GenBank database made it possible to detect 9 individual genotypes with a high diversity index (DI = 0.85). Not only the corresponding division of the tularensis, holarctica, mediasiatica, and novicida subspecies into different clusters was noted, but also the intraspecific division into groups of strains was observed. Differentiation of F. tularensis subspecies was confirmed in vitro for the collection of strains of different subspecies of the Collection of Living Cultures of the Rostov-on-Don Plague Control Researsh Institute.Conclusion. For the first time, the F. tularensis subspecies differentiation system based on the INDEL typing method has been developed, which allows in vitro identification of both F. tularensis subspecies (tularensis, holarctica, mediasiatica a","PeriodicalId":86479,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii i immunobiologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89934416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The study of flaviviruses and Chikungunya virus seroprevalence in Nicaragua — virus-specific antibody avidity assay as a tool for differential diagnosis","authors":"A. Atrasheuskaya, E. V. Kazakova, E. N. Zhirenkina, V. Trukhin, G. M. Ignatyev","doi":"10.36233/0372-9311-196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-196","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Arboviral infections are a rising public health concern not only for some individual countries, but also for the entire world due to the repeated outbreaks over the past decade.The aim was to conduct a seroprevalence study of Dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), Yellow fever (YFV) and Chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses using a limited number of samples in Nicaragua.Materials and methods. Total 200 serum samples collected previously in Nicaragua were analyzed simultaneously. Commercially available diagnostic kits, as well as in-house methods were used. The avidity of antibodies (IgG) in positive serum samples was assessed after the treatment with 8M urea.Results. 85 serum samples (42.5%) contained IgG antibodies to one or several viruses simultaneously. IgG antibodies only to one virus were detected in 46 serum samples (23%) with the avidity index (AI) ≥ 30%. Among 39 samples (19.5%) that contained IgG antibodies to several viruses, only in 19 samples (9.5%) IgG antibodies with high AI (≥ 30%) to several viruses were detected. In 16 serum samples (8.0%), IgG antibodies to DENV with a high AI and antibodies to ZIKV and/or YFV with a low AI < 30% were detected.Discussion. The results obtained in ELISA testing were corrected, since only IgG antibodies with a high AI confirm the past infection. The analysis of the specific IgG antibody avidity helped not only to confirm the cases of combined or sequential infection in the past, but also to discriminate the cross-reactive IgG antibodies induced by closely related DENV, ZIKV and YFV. The presence of cross-reactive IgG antibodies, on the one hand, make it difficult to determine the real seroprevalence of flavivirus infections, and, on the other hand, may increase the risk of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of the disease, which is well-known for the secondary Dengue fever and for the consecutive infection with DENV and ZIKV.Conclusion. The analysis of virus-specific antibody avidity made it possible not only to distinguish recent from the past infection, but also to discriminate the cross-reactive antibodies with the low avidity.","PeriodicalId":86479,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii i immunobiologii","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73770695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of eNOS gene polymorphisms in immunopathogenesis of primary open-angle glaucoma","authors":"O. A. Svitich, A. R. Kinkulkina, H. S. Avagyan, T. Gavrilova","doi":"10.36233/0372-9311-221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-221","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Pathologies of the visual organ (keratitis, glaucoma, etc.) occupy a leading place among the causes of vision loss and blindness. According to the literature, the immunopathogenesis of bacterial keratitis is associated with the activation of macrophages and oxygen explosion. The role of these mechanisms in the pathogenesis of primary open-angle glaucoma is not fully understood. There are isolated studies in which the development of this pathology is associated with nitric oxide NO, which is produced by endothelial NO synthase (nos). However, despite numerous studies, the role of immunogenetics in the pathogenesis of glaucoma remains insufficiently researched.The aim of the study is to explore the association of T786C, C774T, Glu298Asp polymorphic markers of the eNOS gene with development of POAG in residents of the Perm Territory.Materials and methods. The study was performed using peripheral blood collected from 93 patients with POAG and 96 patients with cataracts. The real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed after the DNA extraction. The frequencies of alleles and genotypes in the study groups were measured using the chi-square (χ2 ) test and Fisher’s exact test. Results with p < 0.05 were seen as statistically significant. The calculated odds ratio and the 95% confidence interval were used to quantify the association between POAG development in patients and the existence of an unfavorable polymorphic marker.Results. The C774T and Glu298Asp markers did not show any significant differences in the distribution of genotypes and alleles of the eNOS gene. Higher frequencies of the homozygous TT genotype; and lower frequencies of the C allele of T786C polymorphic locus of eNOS gene were detected in patients with POAG.Conclusion. Polymorphic markers of the eNOS gene can be seen as factors associated with the risk of POAG. ","PeriodicalId":86479,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii i immunobiologii","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88902196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the economic damage caused by varicella disease in children aged 0–17 years in the Altai Territory","authors":"E. Peredelskaya, T. Safyanova","doi":"10.36233/0372-9311-206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-206","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. In modern conditions, the economic analysis of the damage caused by varicella (chickenpox) is of particular importance, as it contributes to the adoption of management decisions aimed to achieve the maximum medical preventive effect.Purpose: to assess the economic damage caused by the varicella disease in children aged 0–17 years in the Altai Territory.Materials and methods. To estimate the costs, we used data on the incidence of varicella obtained in our previous studies, tariffs of the Territorial Compulsory Health Insurance Fund for the Altai Territory, data on the gross regional product, as well as data from a survey of parents of patients with varicella. The study was conducted based on two polyclinics in Barnaul (for outpatient patients) and the children's infectious diseases department of the Barnaul City Clinical Hospital (for hospitalized patients) for one calendar year (July 2019 – June 2020).Results. The estimated damage caused by varicella per one year in the Altai Territory amounted to 31,527,294.87 rubles, of which 42% are expenses from the own funds of citizens (parents of children with varicella). The cost of parents' personal funds for the treatment of one outpatient case of varicella averaged 3125.4 rubles, and of inpatient case — 2705.4 rubles.Conclusions. The expenses of the government and citizens of the Altai Territory for the treatment of varicella are very large and the disease cannot be controlled by existing preventive measures, as evidenced by consistently high incidence rates. In this regard, an accurate assessment of economic damage is necessary for proper management decisions on the introduction of new preventive measures, including vaccination. ","PeriodicalId":86479,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii i immunobiologii","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79201731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of methods for isothermal amplification of nucleic acids","authors":"O. Chemisova, Oksana A. Tsyrulina, A. L. Trukhachev, Alexey K. Noskov","doi":"10.36233/0372-9311-176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-176","url":null,"abstract":"In this review, methods for isothermal amplification of nucleic acids are considered and analyzed, in particular, loop isothermal amplification of DNA and RNA (LAMP/RT-LAMP), helicase-dependent amplification (HDA) and recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA). The advantages and disadvantages of each of the techniques are described. The possibility of their application in the molecular diagnostics of infectious diseases is evaluated. A brief review of the literature on the use of LAMP, HDA, RPA in the diagnostics of viral, bacterial infections and diseases of protozoal etiology was conducted. It has been shown that the LAMP method has a number of advantages over other diagnostic methods: high efficiency, specificity, simplicity, turnaround time and minimum requirements for instrument equipment. As a result, it is concluded that loop isothermal amplification is a promising method for detecting the DNA/RNA of various pathogens. The data on the introduction of the LAMP method in the diagnostics of particularly dangerous bacterial and viral infections, including for the detection of RNA of a new coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2) in clinical samples, are presented.","PeriodicalId":86479,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii i immunobiologii","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79844361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic diversity of the Epstein–Barr virus: a modern view of the problem","authors":"M. I. Popkova, O. Utkin","doi":"10.36233/0372-9311-228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-228","url":null,"abstract":"In general, the characteristic of the genetic diversity of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) underlies the study of pathogenesis, targeted development of laboratory diagnostic methods, vaccines, specific therapy for associated diseases, improving the system of epidemiological surveillance of EBV infection, as well as further detailing the taxonomy and virus classification. The purpose of this review is to summarize and analyze the literature data on the genetic diversity of EBV for the prospective development of the methodology of molecular research in clinical practice and epidemiological surveillance of EBV-associated diseases. The work was carried out based on an analysis of publications in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, eLibrary databases. Special attention was focused on the studies in Russia. It has been shown that approaches based on the analysis of nucleotide and amino acid variability of individual EBV genes or their regions have been used for several decades. However, there is no single, unified system that takes into account the entire genetic diversity of EBV, and the strengths and weaknesses of both earlier and modern classifications. Most publications are devoted to the study of the LMP-1 oncogene. With the development of whole genome sequencing technologies, the search for genovariants and subtypes of EBV has resumed. It is demonstrated that despite the dynamic development of this area, the conclusions of researchers are still based on a relatively small number of genomes sequenced with variable quality, analyzed using different bioinformatic strategies, with an unequal sample in terms of geographical origin. Moreover, some nosological forms of EBV-associated diseases, geographical areas and ethnic groups remain uncharacterized. The development and optimization of methodological approaches based on whole genome sequencing and sequencing of a specific set of genes will contribute to the expansion of existing ideas about the genetic diversity of EBV throughout the world, its relationship with diseases and, possibly, the clinical features of their course, and the improvement of epidemiological surveillance of EBV infection. ","PeriodicalId":86479,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii i immunobiologii","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84028758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Purulent-septic infections in puerperas. Part 1. Рrevalence, risk factors, epidemiological surveillance (literature review)","authors":"Svetlana S. Smirnova, Ivan A. Egorov, A. .. Golubkova","doi":"10.36233/0372-9311-226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-226","url":null,"abstract":"Purulent-septic infections (PSI) of puerperas are one of the leading medical and social problems of modern health care. A significant prevalence, an upward trend, insufficient completeness of their identification and registration, along with a high degree of obstetric aggression — these are the modern features of this group of infections.To study the prevalence of PSI in the postpartum period (sepsis, peritonitis, endometritis, mastitis, and surgical site infections), identify risk factors, and assess the effectiveness of epidemiological surveillance of these infections, the analysis of publications on this topic has been carried out on several information resources: eLibrary, Google Scholar, PubMed, NCBI .Postpartum endometritis was found to be the most common form of PSI in puerperas, accounting for 3 to 20% PSI cases, and up to 40.0–54.3% among patients with postpartum inflammatory complications.Surgical intervention is one of the leading risk factors for the development of PSI after childbirth. For example, a cesarean section increases the risk of PSI by 5–20%.The systems of epidemiological surveillance for PSI of puerperas in different countries differ in the approach both to identifying, recording and registering cases, and to collecting information about the place and time of their highest risk.PSI of puerperas is a dynamically changing interdisciplinary problem at the intersection of obstetrics, gynecology and epidemiology. Despite the data on the prevalence of certain nosologies and their risk factors, there are a number of issues that can be discussed and need to be addressed. ","PeriodicalId":86479,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii i immunobiologii","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75771750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic diversity and drug resistance mutations of HIV-1 in Leningrad Region","authors":"A. N. Shchemelev, Aleksandr V. Semenov, Y. Ostankova, E. B. Zueva, D. Valutite, Daria A. Semenova, V. S. Davydenko, A. A. Totolian","doi":"10.36233/0372-9311-216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-216","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The spread of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has become a global concern and has approached the pandemic status. St. Petersburg, a major transportation, tourist, cultural, industrial center, and a border city, is characterized by high migration of the population. The growing number of migrants can contribute to importation and spread of new genetic variants of the virus and trigger recombination processes in the virus population in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region.The aim is to characterize the present-day HIV-1 subtype-specific profile and drug-resistance mutations among patients with virological failure on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the Leningrad Region.Materials and methods. The study performed in 2016–2018 was based on clinical material from HIV-infected individuals living in the Leningrad Region and having confirmed virological failure on ART. The genetic diversity and distribution of drug-resistance mutations of the HIV-1 isolates were assessed through analysis of nucleotide sequences of the virus pol gene fragment that included regions encoding protease and the reverse transcriptase region.Results. In the group (n = 138), most of the patients had sub-subtype A6 (97.4%) common in Russia, though a few patients had subtype B and a recombinant containing circulating recombinant form CRF_03AB and sub-subtype A1. The tests showed that 95.79% of patients had at least one significant drug-resistance mutation; in most cases (73%) the virus was resistant to 2 classes of antiretroviral drugs and in some cases (8%) — to 3 classes. A total of 105 different drug-resistance mutations were found at 35 positions of the virus genome.Conclusions. The high prevalence of HIV-1 drug-resistance mutations among ART patients with virological failure calls attention to surveillance of drug resistance of the virus both among ART-experienced patients and ARTnaïve individuals. ","PeriodicalId":86479,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii i immunobiologii","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73660509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}