Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii i immunobiologii最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of risk factors affecting the HIV epidemic process in the penitentiary system","authors":"S. E. Kondratova, A. Marchenko","doi":"10.36233/0372-9311-207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-207","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. For more than 10 years, the Tumen Region has been reporting steadily high rates of HIV infection prevalence. Among the groups at risk for HIV infection, a special place is occupied by the group of incarcerated individuals. This group is mostly represented by drug users, men who have sex with men, commercial sex workers. Diseases acquired during imprisonment or exacerbated in a prison setting become a problem not only for released inmates, but also for communities outside the prison system. Epidemiologically, it is critically important to identify the prison-related factors contributing to HIV progression, considering their unequal significance among incarcerated individuals and civilian population.The aim of the study is to identify and assess the risk factors affecting the HIV epidemic process in the high riskgroup density areas.Materials and methods. The study was performed using epidemiological study and stepwise logistic regression methods.Results. Since 2008, the epidemiological situation in prison settings has become increasingly severe, being characterized by higher rates of detection of HIV cases and HIV prevalence among inmates. The situation has also been aggravated by high death rates among HIV-infected inmates. Our study found that the high risk of fatal outcomes in HIV-infected inmates was associated with multiple parameters: the male gender, parenteral (injection drug use) HIV transmission, existing comorbidities – viral hepatitis and thoracic diseases. ","PeriodicalId":86479,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii i immunobiologii","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79864124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of immunomodulators on the formation of vaccine-induced cholera immunity","authors":"A. Filippenko, Inna A. Ivanova, Natalia D. Omelchenko, A. Trufanova","doi":"10.36233/0372-9311-188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-188","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Due to the remaining tense situation on cholera in the world, research continues on the creation of new preventive drugs, as well as ways to increase the immunogenicity of existing anti-cholera vaccines. The combined use of vaccines with immunomodulators and cytokines is successfully used for the specific prevention of various infections, including particularly dangerous ones.The aim of the work is an experimental study of the effect of immunomodulators on the immunogenic and protective activity of the cholera bivalent chemical vaccine in order to assess the possibility of their use to improve the specific prevention of cholera.Materials and methods. The parameters of cellular and humoral local and systemic immune response in experimental animals vaccinated and receiving immunotherapy, as well as the effect of immunomodulators on the protective activity of antigens that are part of the cholera bivalent chemical vaccine, were evaluated.Results. The studies revealed that the use of immunomodulators in combination with the vaccine leads to an increase in the immunogenic properties of antigens. Immunomodulators stimulate the differentiation of CD4⁺- lymphocytes, ensuring the development of an immune response mainly along the humoral pathway, increase the number of B-lymphocytes, antigen-specific antibody-forming cells, as well as secretory immunoglobulin A in the intestines of vaccinated experimental animals. It is shown that the immunomodulator glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide increases the protective properties of the antigens that are part of the chemical cholera bivalent vaccine. It was the most effective additive, since it protected all the animals included in the experiment from generalized cholera.Conclusion. The use of immunomodulators in anti-cholera vaccination, especially with glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide, may be one of the approaches to improving the specific prevention of cholera. ","PeriodicalId":86479,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii i immunobiologii","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90382220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIV-1 subtype diversity, phylogenetic analysis and study of drug resistance in strains circulating in the Ural Federal District","authors":"M. Piterskiy, Alexander Gusev, O. Khodakov, Y. Zakharova, A. Semenov","doi":"10.36233/0372-9311-178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-178","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Ural Federal District (UFD) has been one of the most HIV-affected areas in the Russian Federation during past 20 years. The total number of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH) and receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) exceeds 100,000 (61.7% of all PLWH in the UFD), which creates opportunities for the wide spread of resistant HIV strains.Research aim was to determine the distribution of HIV-1 subtypes, evaluate the genetic heterogeneity of HIV-1 strains, and analyze the prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations (DRM) and the incidence of acquired resistance to antiretroviral drugs (ARVDs) in PLWH receiving ART in the UFD.Materials and methods. 223 patients receiving ART at stage III–IV of HIV infection living in the UFD were examined. To determine the subtypes and the DRM in the HIV-1 pol gene, molecular genetic studies were performed using the AmpliSense® HIV-Resist-Seq kit by Sanger sequencing on the Applied Biosystems 3500 Genetic Analyzer. The genetic heterogeneity was evaluated by calculating the identity of the genome region of the isolated strains in comparison with the genomes of foreign HIV strains, as well as using phylogenetic analysis.Results. In the studied group of patients, 5 subtypes of HIV-1 were identified: subtype A6 prevalence was 91.03%, that of subtype B was 2.69%, 3 recombinant subtypes (CRF03_A6B, CRF02_AG, CRF63_02A6) accounted for 6.28%. Among analyzed HIV-1 strains, 43.9% had a significant genetic similarity (identity of at least 97%) with the strains isolated from patients from neighboring countries (Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Lithuania), 35.9% were similar to the strains isolated from patients from far-abroad countries (USA, China, South Korea, Australia, Sweden, Germany). A high heterogeneity of the circulating genetic variants of HIV-1 strains in the territory of the UFD region was established, which is an unfavorable factor for the diagnosis and treatment of HIV. The most common DRMs to both nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) were detected in 81 specimens (36.3%). NRTI resistance-forming M184V DRM was more common than any other DRM with statistical significance (p = 0,0008) and was detected in 88 specimens (39.5%).Conclusion. In the subtype structure of HIV-1, the dominant subtype was subtype A6, the most common in the countries that were formerly part of the USSR. The heterogeneity of the HIV-1 strains circulating in the UFD suggests that HIV-1 infection continues to be introduced into the UFD from populations outside the Russian Federation. The findings confirm the high prevalence of DRMs (62.8%) and secondary drug resistance of HIV-1 (60.1%) among PLWH in the territory of the UFD. At the same time, high-level resistance was detected in 56.5% of patients, which requires increasing the coverage of HIV resistance testing, including the introduction of monitoring for primary resistance, in order to optimize","PeriodicalId":86479,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii i immunobiologii","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81814316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular and genetic characteristics of group A rotaviruses detected in Moscow in 2015–2020","authors":"O. Petrusha, E. Korchevaya, R. Mintaev, A. Nikonova, I. Isakov, E. Meskina, A. Ushakova, M. K. Khadisova, V. Zverev, E. Faizuloev","doi":"10.36233/0372-9311-208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-208","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to analyze genetic characteristics of strains belonging to group A rotaviruses (RVA) circulating in Moscow in 2015–2020, including rare strains non-typeable by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Materials and methods. A total of 289 stool samples were tested; the samples were collected from children aged 1 month to 17 years, hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis. Immunochromatography and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) assays were used for detection of rotaviruses in the samples. The rotavirus genome sequencing was performed using the Sanger technique and nanopore sequencing.Results and discussion. RVA RNA was detected in 131 clinical samples, and the G/[P] genotype was identified in 125 samples. The general profile showed prevalence of RVA strains with the G9P[8]I1 genotype (37%) followed by G3P[8]I2, G4P[8]I1, G2P[4]I2, G1P[8]I1, and G3P[8]I1 variants (18, 15, 11, 5, and 2%, respectively). Seven (5%) isolates were identified as GxP[8]. In 2015–2020, the region reported a decline in G4P[8]I1 genotype prevalence (from 39% to 9%) and an increase in the proportion of the G9P[8]I1 genotype (from 6% to 37%) as compared to 2009–2014. In 2018–2020, a large number of cases with the previously unknown DS-1-like reassortant strain with the G3P[8]I2 genotype were reported; the above strain has become widely common worldwide in the recent years. Nanopore sequencing was performed to analyze the genome of the G3P[8]I2 strain and the rare G4P[6]I1 strain. It was found that the G4P[6]I1 strain was phylogenetically related to porcine rotaviruses.Conclusion. In the recent years, the genetic diversity of RVA circulating in the Moscow Region has changed significantly. The obtained results prove the importance of continuous monitoring of rotavirus infection and selective sequencing of RVA genes to fine-tune data of the type-specific real-time RT-PCR. The ever-changing genetic composition of the circulating RVA strains calls for regular optimization of RVA genotyping systems based on real-time RT-PCR. ","PeriodicalId":86479,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii i immunobiologii","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88211476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of cases of brucellosis in humans and molecular-biological characteristics of Brucella melitensis strains in regions of South European Russia with a high brucellosis incidence","authors":"А. А. Khachaturova, D. G. Ponomarenko, D. Kovalev, A. N. Germanova, D. E. Lukashevich, D. V. Rusanova, N. Serdyuk, O. Semenko, A. M. Zhirov, L. S. Katunina, А. N. Кulichenko","doi":"10.36233/0372-9311-185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-185","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. To improve the epidemiological surveillance of brucellosis in Russia, a detailed analysis of incidence and characteristics of Brucella melitensis strains circulating in the territories of the country where there is a persistent epizootic and epidemiological problem with brucellosis is required.Purpose of the study. To study current trends in the brucellosis epidemic process and perform molecular analysis of Brucella isolates from the territories of Southern and North Caucasian Federal Districts with long lasting unfavorable situation with brucellosis — the Republics of Dagestan (RD), Kalmykia (RK) and Stavropol Krai (SK).Materials and methods. The analysis of the brucellosis incidence in the North Caucasus Federal District and the Southern Federal District was carried out on the basis of data from the Rospotrebnadzor Departments for the period 2011–2020. Total 56 cultures of Brucella melitensis, isolated in 1999–2019 from patients with brucellosis that permanently resided in RD, RK and SK were studied.Results. The key factor contributing to the epidemic manifestations of brucellosis in the south of the European part of Russia is the persistence of epizootic foci in cattle and small ruminants. The leading concomitant factors are as follows: the presence in the region of \"hidden\" epizootic foci, uncontrolled production of food products of animal husbandry and its illegal sale to customers, unauthorized movement of animals and livestock products, untimely delivery (concealment) of sick cattle for stamping out. Results of molecular analysis of B. melitensis strains indicate the circulation of a mixed population of brucella, which is generally characteristic of the entire region, without a pronounced confinement of isolates to separate administrative territories. At the same time, the entire studied sample of strains can be divided into two groups (72% and 28% of strains) based on MLVA-16 genotypes by the variability in the Bruce 19 locus, which makes it possible to associate a part of the studied strains with the territory of their isolation.Discussion. The data obtained make it possible to scientifically substantiate the possibility of considering the affected territories of the Southern Federal District and the North Caucasian Federal District as a single common persistent active anthropurgic epizootic focus with circulation of a mixed, but typical for the region population of Brucella strains.","PeriodicalId":86479,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii i immunobiologii","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84870716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological characteristics of Epstein–Barr virus infection","authors":"T. Solomay, T. A. Semenenko, A. V. Tutelyan, M. V. Bobrova","doi":"10.36233/0372-9311-139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-139","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is one of the most common pathogens — it infects 90% of the world’s population. However, specific characteristics of the EBV infection epidemic process remain unidentified. The previous studies focusing on assessment of incidence rates for infectious mononucleosis (IM) tend to ignore the serological status of the population.The aim of the study was to identify epidemiological characteristics and assess the prevalence of serological markers for EBV infection for further epidemic control measures development.Materials and methods. In Moscow, the thorough analysis was performed using the data on IM incidence (Form 2 \"Data on Infectious and Parasitic Diseases\") and test results for 138,232 people checked for presence of VCA IgG, EBNA IgG, VCA IgM, EA IgG, and EBV DNA in their blood and saliva in 2011–2020.Results. The periodic pattern of IM incidence was discovered, demonstrating the repetitive peaks every 9 to 11 years and a strong direct correlative relationship with detection rates for active EBV infection markers. The intra-annual dynamics of IM incidence is characterized by a seasonal upswing during cold seasons of the year, reaching its peaks in October, November, or February and associated with a marked decrease in the VCA IgG and EBNA IgG seroprevalence. Children within the 1 to 17-year age range are groups at risk for acquiring primary infection, demonstrating significantly lower detection rates for chronic EBV infection (VCA IgG and EBNA IgG) markers and higher rates for VCA IgM and EBV DNA markers in blood compared to adults. The contribution of adult population to the epidemic process is formed through reactivation of chronic infection, which is observed primarily among women.Conclusion. The identified characteristics are essential for comprehensive understanding of the EBV infection epidemic process and can be used for developing preventive and anti-epidemic measures.","PeriodicalId":86479,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii i immunobiologii","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72570470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of virulent Escherichia coli strains isolated from patients with urological infection","authors":"P. V. Slukin, E. I. Astashkin, E. M. Aslanyan, M. Ershova, E. Poletaeva, E. A. Svetoch, A. P. Shepelin, N. Fursova","doi":"10.36233/0372-9311-134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-134","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) affect 150 million people annually.Purpose: Characteristics of non-hospital strains of UPEC isolated from patients with UTI in Yaroslavl in 2016– 2017.Materials and methods. Susceptibility of UPEC strains (n = 20) to antibacterials was measured by the serial dilution method; the antibiotic resistance and virulence genes, phylogroups, O-serogroups and sequence types were identified by PCR and whole genome sequencing. The virulence of the strains was studied using the model of Galleria mellonella larvae.Results. UPEC strains were classified as resistant (n = 11) and multi-drug resistant (n = 9) pathogens. Betalactamase genes blaTEM (n = 10), blaCTX-M (n = 6), class 1 integrons (n = 8), and gene cassettes dfrA17-aadA5 (n = 2), dfrA1 (n = 1) and aacA4-cmlA1 (n = 1) were identified. UPEC-virulence genetic determinants coding adhesins fimH, papG, sfaS, focG, afa/draBC, csgA, siderophores iroN, fyuA, iutA, counteracting factors of host immunity ompT, traT, toxins hlyA, cnf1, usp, capsule transporter kpsMTII, colicin cvaC, and pathogenicity islands I536, II536, III536, IV536, IIJ96 и IICFT073 were detected. Highly virulent and slightly virulent for G. mellonella larvae UPEC strains were obtained with LD50 104–105 and 106–107 CFU, respectively. The phylogroups A, B1, B2, E and F, serogroups О2, О4, О6, O9, O11, О15, О18, О25, О75 and O89, known sequence types ST14, ST58, ST69, ST73, ST93, ST127, ST131, ST-141, ST165, ST297, ST457, ST537, ST744, ST1434 and novel ST9239 and ST10102 were revealed.Conclusions. The identified genetic diversity of non-hospital UPEC strains is consistent with the observed global trend in the spread of human pathogens, which are characterized with both high virulence and multiple drug resistance. This makes possible to assess prospectively the current epidemiological situation, give a forecast for its development in the future, as well as determine the optimal therapeutic options.","PeriodicalId":86479,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii i immunobiologii","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80365634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunogenicity of the drug \"Live intranasal vaccine for the prevention of pertussis\" (GamLPV) with a single use in healthy volunteers","authors":"A. Medkova, Alevtina A. Lidzhiyeva, E. G. Semin, L. N. Sinyashina, R. A. Syundyukova, Nadezhda A. Snegireva, I. Chernyshova, Marina V. Gavrilova, Kristina K. Bushkova, Lyudmila V. Kolobukhina, Kruzhkova, L. N. Merkulova, M. Rusanova, I. Dyakov, G. Karatayev","doi":"10.36233/0372-9311-194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-194","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. A significant increase in the incidence of pertussis in the world, including among adolescents and adults, the prevalence of mild forms of the disease and asymptomatic carrier of bacteria B. pertussis, and the resulting need for mass revaccination of different age groups determine the demand for new vaccines against B. pertussis. In N.F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, a live intranasal pertussis vaccine for the prevention of pertussis (GamLPV) has been developed. The GamLPV vaccine underwent preclinical studies that proved its safety and effectiveness in experiments on small laboratory animals and nonhuman monkeys. Safety of vaccine is shown in clinical studies on healthy volunteers.The aim of the study is to assess the immunogenicity of different doses of the drug GamLPV when first used in healthy volunteers.Materials and methods. The study was conducted as randomized placebo-controlled, blind trial with consistent volunteer inclusion and dose escalation. Study ID in clinicaltrials.gov database: NCT03137927 (A Phase I Clinical Study of a GamLPV, a Live Intranasal Bordetella Pertussis Vaccine). The following parameters of humoral and cellular immune responses were assessed in dynamics: levels of specific IgM, IgG and IgA antibodies in blood serum of volunteers and the number of cytokines interleukin-17, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ produced after specific induction in vitro of blood mononuclears of vaccinated volunteers. Dynamics of attenuated bacteria persistence in nasopharynx of vaccinated volunteers was evaluated.Results. Intranasal vaccination of volunteers with the drug Gam LPV resulted in the formation of a specific humoral (IgG and IgA) and cellular immune response. The dose-dependent nature of immunoglobulin and cytokine production was shown. Attenuated bacteria persisted for a long time in the nose/oropharynx of vaccinated volunteers.Discussion. Good tolerability of all tested doses of the drug justifies the choice for further investigation of a vaccine dose equal to 4 × 109 CFU. At the next stage, the safety and immunogenicity of two-time vaccination of volunteers will be studied.","PeriodicalId":86479,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii i immunobiologii","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74437678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction of causative agents of sapronoses with the land plant Lithospermum erythrorhizon","authors":"N. Timchenko, М. G. Еliseikina, G. Tchernoded, O. Grishchenko, А. V. Rakov, M. Shchelkanov","doi":"10.36233/0372-9311-149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-149","url":null,"abstract":"Background. A significant role in the ecology of the sapronotic pathogens Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Listeria monocytogenes and in the epidemiology of the infections they cause is played by land plants used for food. These microorganisms are often found on plant substrates, they multiply on various vegetable and root crops. In this regard, it is relevant to study the viability and biological activity of Y. pseudotuberculosis and L. monocytogenes in contact with various land plants, including those that are not eaten, but are used in medicine.Aim. Study of the interaction of sapronotic pathogens Y. pseudotuberculosis and L. monocytogenes with callus cultures of the land plant Lithospermum erythrorhizon Siebold et Zucc.Materials and methods. The studies included strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis 512 serotype 1b, pYV+, 82MD+ and L. monocytogenes NCTC (4b) 10527 from the Collection of Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, and cell culture from the roots of red-root gromwell Lithospermum erythrorhizon line VC-39 (from the Collection of FSC of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity FEB RAS).Before the study, Y. pseudotuberculosis and L . monocytogenes were cultured 18–20 hours on nutrient agar pH 7.1–7.2. A working dilution of microorganisms was prepared (106 micobial cells per 1 ml) and applied at a dose of 100 μl to the surface of plant calli. Material samples were taken in dynamics after 3 and 14 days and prepared for scanning electron microscopy.Results. Y. pseudotuberculosis and L. monocytogenes formed biofilms on the surface of plant cells within 3 days after the start of the experiment. It was noted that Y. pseudotuberculosis destroyed the components of the plant cell membrane.Conclusion. New data obtained during the study expand the understanding of environments and forms of habitation, as well as the potential for pathogenicity of sapronotic pathogens in the environment.","PeriodicalId":86479,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii i immunobiologii","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82600348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of specific immunity in laboratory animals after co-immunization against seasonal influenza and COVID-19","authors":"G. Ignatyev, I. Leneva, A. Atrasheuskaya, L. Kozlovskaya, N. Kartashova, I. T. Fediakina, E. Shustova, A. A. Sinyugina, V. Zverev, V. Trukhin, A. Ishmukhametov","doi":"10.36233/0372-9311-183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-183","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. In clinical practice, the differential diagnosis of COVID-19 can be challenging during the flu season, entailing serious consequences such as delays in appropriate control measures against the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Another problem is posed by co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus (IV), which significantly contributes to the severity of the COVID-19 disease. This study was aimed to explore the cross-impact of co-administration of Russian influenza and COVID-19 vaccines on development of specific immunity in laboratory animals.Materials and methods. The study was conducted on BALB/c mice. The animals were inoculated intramuscularly with the vaccine for COVID-19 prevention (CoviVac) and the vaccine for influenza prevention (Flu-M). The sera from the immunized animals were examined separately. Three IV strains were used in the hemagglutination inhibition assay. Antibodies (Abs) against SARS-CoV-2 were detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The neutralization test was performed to detect virus neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and IV.Results. Relatively high titers of specific Abs were found in the groups of animals inoculated with one vaccine and with two vaccines concurrently. In the groups of animals inoculated with CoviVac and with two vaccines concurrently, both in the ELISA test and in the neutralization test, the average titers of specific Abs against SARSCoV- 2 did not demonstrate any statistical difference. The group of animals inoculated concurrently with two vaccines demonstrated statistically higher titers of Abs against IV after the second immunization compared to the group of animals inoculated with Flu-M.Discussion. The study has shown that post-vaccination immunity both to IV and to SARS-CoV-2 develops after co-vaccination with two vaccines. The observed enhanced post-vaccination immune response to IV in the coimmunized laboratory animals needs further research.Conclusion. The performed studies suggest the possibility of co-administration of two vaccines to prevent influenza and COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":86479,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii i immunobiologii","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77958249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}