Bios最新文献_第2页

Bios Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.1893/0005-3155-94.4.153

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Polymerase Chain Reaction identification of blood-feeding sources of the Chagas Disease vector Triatoma dimidiata in Santa Ana, El Salvador 聚合酶链反应鉴定萨尔瓦多圣安娜恰加斯病媒介三角瘤血源

Bios Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.1893/bios-d-21-00019

Cynthia Gutiérrez Navarro, Sara J. Díaz Cruz, Cecilia Zepeda, Elise Harder, Vianney Castañeda de Abrego, Víctor D. Carmona-Galindo

{"title":"Polymerase Chain Reaction identification of blood-feeding sources of the Chagas Disease vector Triatoma dimidiata in Santa Ana, El Salvador","authors":"Cynthia Gutiérrez Navarro, Sara J. Díaz Cruz, Cecilia Zepeda, Elise Harder, Vianney Castañeda de Abrego, Víctor D. Carmona-Galindo","doi":"10.1893/bios-d-21-00019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1893/bios-d-21-00019","url":null,"abstract":"Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and is transmitted in the feces of insect-vector species in the taxonomic sub-family Triatominae. As a neglected tropical disease, the disease is endemic to the tropical Americas, has no cure, and disproportionately afflicts rural and impoverished communities throughout Latin America. The objective of our study was to evaluate biological factors contributing to the spread of Chagas disease in eastern El Salvador by using PCR techniques to identify blood-feeding preferences of Triatoma dimidiata inside and outside of housing environments. We hypothesized that T. dimidiata blood-feeding preferences would differ with respect to habitat (domiciliary or peridomiciliary), development stage (instars or adults), T. dimidiata infection-status with the T. cruzi parasite (positive or negative), and the sex of T. dimidiata. We found that T. dimidiata in peridomiciliary environments preferred feeding on birds, dogs, and rats, but were more likely to be at the adult-stage when positive for T. cruzi infection. In contrast, T. dimidiata in domiciliary environments preferred feeding on pigs, humans, and mice, but were more likely to be at instar-stages when positive for T. cruzi infection. Additionally, female T. dimidiata preferred feeding on birds and dogs, while males preferred feeding on pigs, humans, and rats. We discuss differences between our findings and those reported from western El Salvador and highlight the importance of understanding the vector ecology of T. dimidiata as part of a broader EcoHealth strategy to mitigate the transmission of Chagas disease.","PeriodicalId":86381,"journal":{"name":"Bios","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135635736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Loss of pGLO™ in Escherichia coli under different growth conditions 不同生长条件下大肠杆菌中pGLO™的损失

Bios Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.1893/bios-d-20-00001

John Klem, Mark Gallo

{"title":"Loss of pGLO™ in Escherichia coli under different growth conditions","authors":"John Klem, Mark Gallo","doi":"10.1893/bios-d-20-00001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1893/bios-d-20-00001","url":null,"abstract":"Plasmids are extra-chromosomal elements that are normally found in most bacteria. A recombinant plasmid, pGLO™, is used in Escherichia coli for many student experiments, especially as part of the Advanced Placement Biology curriculum. This plasmid contains the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene under control of the arabinose promoter and regulatory protein, the beta lactamase gene, an origin of replication, and a multiple cloning site. The plasmid is retained in cells due to selective pressure of medium containing ampicillin. Evolutionary fitness is typically considered the reproductive success of a particular genotype/phenotype with emphasis on the particular genetic background of the individual and, hence, plasmid maintenance would seem to be under tight control. Little experimentation has been done on the rate of plasmid loss in bacteria in the absence of selective pressure. In this study, plasmid loss was explored under different selective pressures, especially related to the cost of expression of GFP. This study found strong selective pressure against GFP gene expression in both DH5α and DH10B strains of E. coli, with significantly faster plasmid loss observed in DH10B than in DH5α. There was surprisingly little selective pressure for pGLO plasmid loss when GFP was not actively expressed. Gain of function mutations that allow for positive selection for their occurrence have been well characterized in the scientific literature, however loss of function mutations and subsequent use of negative selection for their retrieval provide a unique opportunity to study another facet of the evolutionary process. This research provides such an example.","PeriodicalId":86381,"journal":{"name":"Bios","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135636938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of three aquatic consumers as organophosphate pesticide bioindicators in Costa Rican lowland wet forest streams 哥斯达黎加低地潮湿森林溪流中三种水生消费者作为有机磷农药生物指标的评价

Bios Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.1893/bios-d-21-00007

Caleb Klingseis, Rebecca Prest, Christine Tominiko, Jill Leonard, Carissa Ganong

{"title":"Evaluation of three aquatic consumers as organophosphate pesticide bioindicators in Costa Rican lowland wet forest streams","authors":"Caleb Klingseis, Rebecca Prest, Christine Tominiko, Jill Leonard, Carissa Ganong","doi":"10.1893/bios-d-21-00007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1893/bios-d-21-00007","url":null,"abstract":"Pesticide use can impact not only cultivated land, but also protected ecosystems that receive pesticide inputs due to aquatic connectivity or atmospheric transport from agricultural regions. In Costa Rica's Caribbean lowlands, pesticides applied to banana and pineapple plantations are a potential source of pollution to ecological reserves. Macroinvertebrates and fish are both potentially useful bioindicators of agrochemical pollution in aquatic systems, and our goal was to determine whether three common stream consumer species (one fish and two aquatic insect species) could serve as bioindicators for the organophosphate pesticide ethoprophos. We identified thresholds at which ethoprophos impacts the survival (LC50) and observed behavior (LOEC – lowest observed effect concentration) for each species. The LC50 of the guppy Priapichthys annectens was 1530 µg/L, with observable behavioral changes occurring at 1000 µg/L. Insects were more sensitive: the mayfly Traverella holzenthali had an LC50 of 15 µg/L and an LOEC of 2.5 µg/L, and the caddisfly Leptonema sp. had an LC50 of approximately 30 µg/L and an LOEC of 5 µg/L. The LC50 values are notably higher than ambient concentrations recorded from polluted Costa Rican streams and suggest that these taxa are not ideal indicator species. However, the lower LOEC values (in the same order of magnitude as ambient concentrations) highlight the potential ecological importance of behavioral modification due to pesticides. Quantifying the thresholds at which common pesticides impact ecosystems is a key step in identifying bioindicator species and protecting tropical biodiversity.","PeriodicalId":86381,"journal":{"name":"Bios","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135634767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Chapter News 章新闻

Bios Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.1893/0005-3155-94.4.204

Eta Zeta

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How environmental sustainability helped me rethink green dentistry 环境可持续性如何帮助我重新思考绿色牙科

Bios Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.1893/bios-d-22-00006

Mariam Mikho

{"title":"How environmental sustainability helped me rethink green dentistry","authors":"Mariam Mikho","doi":"10.1893/bios-d-22-00006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1893/bios-d-22-00006","url":null,"abstract":"This essay represents a path toward integrating an interest in a healthcare profession, dentistry, with an interest in environmental sustainability. As an undergraduate student studying biology with an interest in becoming a dentist, I focused on courses required for health care professions. At my college, my academic major department implemented curricular changes that served to diversify environmental, ecological, and evolutionary course offerings beyond the traditional evolution lecture and ecology lab. As a result, I had the opportunity to enroll in an Urban Evolutionary Biology lecture course that explored the novel role cities play as evolutionary agents of change in natural populations over time (i.e., natural selection, migration, genetic drift, and mutation). The ability to interact with a professor of evolutionary ecology provided a space to cultivate new ideas of my own by integrating concepts from environment sustainability, specifically community-engaged research in biological science disciplines. Herein, I showcase the importance of learning outside one's comfort zone, contrast operational versus environmental explorations in sustainability, and share how metadata (data about data) in green dentistry can empower sustainable communities.","PeriodicalId":86381,"journal":{"name":"Bios","volume":"2020 26","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135637242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Officer Slates 官石板

Bios Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.1893/0005-3155-94.4.202

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Full spectrum cannabidiol oil reduces breast cancer cell viability and expression of epidermal growth factor receptor 全谱大麻二酚油降低乳腺癌细胞活力和表皮生长因子受体的表达

Bios Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.1893/bios-d-22-00011

Anastasia H. Smith, Mary Claire Cooperrider, Ashton R. Hogue, Nathaniel B. Hunter, Diego De La Torre, Madeline P. McTigue, William P. Ranahan

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The C.E. McClung Award 麦克朗奖

Bios Pub Date : 2023-10-27 DOI: 10.1893/0005-3155-88.2.96

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A preliminary investigation of canine heartworm infection rates in Western North Carolina 北卡罗来纳州西部犬心丝虫感染率的初步调查

Bios Pub Date : 2023-10-27 DOI: 10.1893/bios-d-21-00008

Kailee O. Bennett, Robert A. Zinna

{"title":"A preliminary investigation of canine heartworm infection rates in Western North Carolina","authors":"Kailee O. Bennett, Robert A. Zinna","doi":"10.1893/bios-d-21-00008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1893/bios-d-21-00008","url":null,"abstract":"Dirofilaria immitis, more commonly known as canine heartworm, is a parasitic nematode that leads to heartworm disease in dogs. Adult heartworms occupy the heart and lungs of dogs and prevent these organs from functioning properly. Anecdotal evidence suggested that several counties in Western North Carolina showed a trend of heartworm incidence rates that were lower than the incidence rates of both North Carolina and the United States. This study looked to investigate this anecdotal trend using data from the Companion Animal Parasite Council. Public data confirm that both Madison and Buncombe County have lower rates of heartworm infection than North Carolina as a whole. In order to help explain this trend we conducted a pilot survey using Buncombe County as a model of mosquito species diversity in Western North Carolina. We trapped mosquitoes at three sites in Buncombe County from July 2020 to October 2020. Our mosquito diversity estimate was used to predict expected rates of heartworm prevalence and found a substantial difference between the actual and expected heartworm prevalence in Buncombe County. It is possible that factors other than mosquito diversity contribute to low heartworm prevalence in Buncombe County and in other counties in Western North Carolina.","PeriodicalId":86381,"journal":{"name":"Bios","volume":"149 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136262677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0