Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture最新文献_第10页

Persistence of defaunation effects on digestion and methane production in ewes 腐烂对母羊消化和甲烷产生的持续影响

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture Pub Date : 2008-01-21 DOI: 10.1071/EA07298

S. H. Bird, R. Hegarty, R. Woodgate

引用次数: 49

Isolation of sulfide oxidisers for desulfurising biogas produced from anaerobic piggery wastewater treatment in Taiwan. 台湾养猪场厌氧废水沼气脱硫用硫化物氧化剂的分离。

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture Pub Date : 2008-01-21 DOI: 10.1071/EA07248

Jung-Jeng Su, Yen-Jung Chen, Yuanyuan Chang, Szu-Ching Tang

{"title":"Isolation of sulfide oxidisers for desulfurising biogas produced from anaerobic piggery wastewater treatment in Taiwan.","authors":"Jung-Jeng Su, Yen-Jung Chen, Yuanyuan Chang, Szu-Ching Tang","doi":"10.1071/EA07248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/EA07248","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to improve the utilisation of biogas in pig farms, the promotion of biogas use and the reduction of greenhouse gas (i.e. methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide) emissions to the atmosphere. Sulfur oxidisers can convert sulfide (S2–) to sulfur (S0) and even sulfate (SO42–). Strains of CYAS-1, CYAS-2, SW-1, SW-2, and SW-3 were isolated from environmental samples and proven to have capabilities of sulfide oxidation by growing them in 150 mL liquid media with 1.5 g sulfur powder. An increase in sulfate concentration was used to select sulfide oxidisers. Strains CYAS-1 and CYAS-2, which both had significant sulfide oxidation capability, were isolated from the sludge of piggery wastewater treatment facilities. Moreover, strains SW-1, SW-2, and SW-3 were isolated from a pilot-scale biogas bio-filter (BBF) reactor. The experimental results showed that strain CYAS-1 (identified as Acinetobacter spp.), grown in diluted trypticase soy broth (TSB) with sulfur powder, increased the concentrations of SO42– from 17.2 ± 0.5 to 23.8 ± 1.0 mg/L (38.4% increase). Strain CYAS-2 (identified as Corynebacterium spp.), grown in diluted TSB with sulfur powder, increased concentrations of SO42– from 17.7 ± 0.1 to 25.9 ± 0.9 mg/L (47.0% increase). Concentrations of SO42– were increased 40.5, 33.6, and 29.7% in the presence of strains SW-1 (Candida kruse/inconspicua; 96.2% identity), SW-2 (Candida parapsilosis; 93.2% identity), and SW-3 (Trichosporon mucoides; 95.7% identity), respectively.","PeriodicalId":8636,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"48 1","pages":"193-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1071/EA07248","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58795153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Policy options to manage greenhouse gas emissions from the livestock sector: an Australian perspective 管理畜牧业温室气体排放的政策选择:澳大利亚的观点

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture Pub Date : 2008-01-21 DOI: 10.1071/EAV48N2POLICY

D. Ugalde, J. V. Vliet, Anthony McGregor, B. Slattery

{"title":"Policy options to manage greenhouse gas emissions from the livestock sector: an Australian perspective","authors":"D. Ugalde, J. V. Vliet, Anthony McGregor, B. Slattery","doi":"10.1071/EAV48N2POLICY","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/EAV48N2POLICY","url":null,"abstract":"The interface between policy and science provides rich opportunity to frame both the policy and science agendas for the reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases from agriculture. The current Greenhouse Gas in Animal Agriculture Conference (2007) provides a valuable forum for the development and integration of the two. Compared with the level of investments worldwide into technologies to reduce emissions from energy generation and transport, investments into managing and reducing emissions from the agriculture and land sectors have lagged, sadly, far behind. Nonetheless, there still remains strong opportunity to reduce substantially the net emissions from the land-based sector while also improving productivity and financial return (both short and long term). Over the past few decades, it has probably been the science agenda that provided the main impetus for understanding the management of processes that give rise to greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture and for improving management options to reduce these emissions. However, recently a range of new policy approaches (both in Australia and elsewhere) have come into play, and these approaches are now demanding a greater suite and possibly a different set of information from science – and over a short timeframe – to provide the technical means for change to be implemented. The challenge for science is to understand the new demands from the policy agendas, and to resolve how the science community can best deliver what is required. In this way science will be delivering additional benefits to agricultural industries and rural communities as activities in the land-based sector align with national interest and opportunities.","PeriodicalId":8636,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59080118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Redirecting rumen fermentation to reduce methanogenesis 改变瘤胃发酵方向以减少甲烷生成

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture Pub Date : 2008-01-21 DOI: 10.1071/EA07218

T. McAllister, C. Newbold

引用次数: 438

Absence of persistent methane emission differences in three breeds of dairy cows 三种奶牛的甲烷排放不存在持续差异

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture Pub Date : 2008-01-21 DOI: 10.1071/EA07219

A. Münger, M. Kreuzer

{"title":"Absence of persistent methane emission differences in three breeds of dairy cows","authors":"A. Münger, M. Kreuzer","doi":"10.1071/EA07219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/EA07219","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, data from an experiment with 10 purebred Holstein, Simmental and Jersey cows each were analysed to test the assumption that there are genetically low methane-producing animals. Methane emission of cows offered forage ad libitum and some concentrate was measured for 3 days in open-circuit respiration chambers in weeks 8, 15, 23, 33 and 41 of lactation. Individual cow data were analysed in five different ways: (i) plotting the trend of methane per unit of dry matter intake (DMI) and milk yield over time; relating measured methane production to estimates derived from equations based on either; (ii) DMI or (iii) nutrient intake; (iv) relating residual feed intake (RFI) to methane emission; and (v) analysis of variance of cow × measurement interactions. The Holstein, Simmental and Jersey cows emitted on average 25, 25 and 26 g methane/kg DMI, respectively. There was no indication of individual cows with persistently low or high methane yield per kg DMI and per kg milk. Measured methane emissions differed from estimated values without a clear pattern, and the relationship between RFI and methane emission of the cows was weak. Finally, analysis of variance failed to show distinct patterns of methane per unit of DMI and milk for individual animals. The apparent lack of persistence of individual animal differences in methane yields suggests that genetic determination of this trait is of minor importance in dairy cows.","PeriodicalId":8636,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"48 1","pages":"77-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1071/EA07219","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58794017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 56

GHG emissions during the storage of rough pig slurry and the fractions obtained by mechanical separation 生猪粗浆储存过程中的温室气体排放和机械分离得到的馏分

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture Pub Date : 2008-01-21 DOI: 10.1071/EA07239

E. Dinuccio, P. Balsari, W. Berg

{"title":"GHG emissions during the storage of rough pig slurry and the fractions obtained by mechanical separation","authors":"E. Dinuccio, P. Balsari, W. Berg","doi":"10.1071/EA07239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/EA07239","url":null,"abstract":"Emissions of methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and ammonia (NH3) during the storage of rough pig slurry and the fractions (solid and liquid) obtained by mechanical separation were investigated in a laboratory-scale study. Manures were stored for a period of 30 days in open vessels (1500 cm3 capacity) within a climate-controlled room which was kept at 25 ± 0.2°C. Gaseous emissions were determined with the dynamic chamber method by infrared photoacoustic detection. The main GHG emission from the liquid manures was CH4. CH4 losses from both liquid and solid fractions together were 3% higher than from the rough slurry. CO2 losses from both liquid and solid fractions together increased by 10% compared with rough pig slurry. Appreciable N2O fluxes were only measured from the solid fraction. Combining the losses during the storage of both liquid and solid fraction, they resulted in reduced NH3 emissions compared with the storage of the rough pig slurry. Evidence from the present study suggests that mechanical separation of pig slurry has the potential to increase up to 25% the emission of CO2-equivalents to the atmosphere during the storage of the separated fractions if compared with the rough slurry.","PeriodicalId":8636,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"48 1","pages":"93-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1071/EA07239","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58794687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Nutritional management for enteric methane abatement: A review 肠道甲烷减排的营养管理:综述

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture Pub Date : 2008-01-21 DOI: 10.1071/EA07199

K. Beauchemin, M. Kreuzer, F. O'Mara, T. McAllister

引用次数: 1030

Supplementation with whole cottonseed reduces methane emissions and can profitably increase milk production of dairy cows offered a forage and cereal grain diet 补充全棉籽可减少甲烷排放，并可有效提高饲粮和谷物奶牛的产奶量

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture Pub Date : 2008-01-21 DOI: 10.1071/EA07224

C. Grainger, T. Clarke, K. Beauchemin, S. McGinn, R. Eckard

{"title":"Supplementation with whole cottonseed reduces methane emissions and can profitably increase milk production of dairy cows offered a forage and cereal grain diet","authors":"C. Grainger, T. Clarke, K. Beauchemin, S. McGinn, R. Eckard","doi":"10.1071/EA07224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/EA07224","url":null,"abstract":"The experimental objective was to determine if whole cottonseed (WCS) could be used as a dietary supplement to reduce enteric methane emissions and profitably increase milk production from dairy cattle over the summer period when pasture is limited in quantity and has a low nutritive value. Fifty lactating cows, ~200 days in milk, were randomly allocated to one of two groups (control or WCS). Cows were offered lucerne hay (in the morning) and pasture silage (in the afternoon) made from a predominantly ryegrass sward in one group for 5 weeks. The hay and silage were placed on the ground in a bare paddock. Cows in each group were also individually offered cracked grain in a feed trough at 3 kg DM/cow.day at milking times. In addition, at milking times, cows in the WCS group were individually offered 2.7 kg DM/cow.day of untreated WCS with their grain supplement. Measurements of methane emissions (n = 12), using the SF6 tracer technique, were made in weeks 3 and 5 after the commencement of feeding treatments. Supplementation with WCS significantly reduced methane emissions by 12% (g/cow.day) and by 21% (g/cow.kg milk solids) and significantly increased yield of milk (n = 25) by 15%, milk fat by 19% and milk protein by 16%. WCS had no effect on concentration of milk fat or lactose, but resulted in a significant 3% decrease in protein concentration. WCS appears to be a promising supplement for reducing methane emissions and increasing milk production from dairy cattle when pasture is limited in quantity and has a low nutritive value.","PeriodicalId":8636,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"48 1","pages":"73-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1071/EA07224","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58794159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 60

Reliability of the sulfur hexafluoride tracer technique for methane emission measurement from individual animals: an overview 六氟化硫示踪技术测量个体动物甲烷排放的可靠性:综述

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture Pub Date : 2008-01-21 DOI: 10.1071/EA07297

C. Pinares-Patiño, H. Clark

{"title":"Reliability of the sulfur hexafluoride tracer technique for methane emission measurement from individual animals: an overview","authors":"C. Pinares-Patiño, H. Clark","doi":"10.1071/EA07297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/EA07297","url":null,"abstract":"Measurements of enteric methane (CH4) emissions from individual animals have traditionally been made with indirect calorimetry techniques, which are both accurate and reliable. However, the expense and need for animal training and the extent to which calorimetric results can be extrapolated to free-ranging animals have been questioned and stimulated the development of the sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer technique. The tracer technique is now widely used in New Zealand and many other countries for CH4 emission measurements on grazing and pen-fed cattle, sheep, deer and alpacas. Few studies with cattle and sheep have examined the validity of the SF6 tracer technique. Most of these studies have concluded that estimations of CH4 emission by this technique do not differ from those of calorimetric techniques, though some exceptions have been reported. There is general agreement that the tracer technique is associated with large between-animal variability in the CH4 emission estimates from animals on the same diet, but it remains unknown whether this is due to the environment, housing conditions or the technique itself. High within-animal variability has also been reported from tracer CH4 measurements. There is growing evidence that CH4 emission estimates by the tracer technique are positively influenced by the permeation rate (PR) of the SF6 gas from permeation tubes and it has been suggested that fate of the tracer in the rumen rather than unrepresentative breath sample collection is the likely reason for the latter. It is concluded that although some issues related to the tracer technique need to be clarified, using a narrow range in PR and balancing of PR between treatments should be practised in order to overcome the relationship between PR and CH4 emission estimates.","PeriodicalId":8636,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"48 1","pages":"223-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58796742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 70

Targeted technologies for nitrous oxide abatement from animal agriculture 畜牧业氧化亚氮减排的目标技术

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture Pub Date : 2008-01-21 DOI: 10.1071/EA07217

C. Klein, R. Eckard

{"title":"Targeted technologies for nitrous oxide abatement from animal agriculture","authors":"C. Klein, R. Eckard","doi":"10.1071/EA07217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/EA07217","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions account for ~10% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, with most of these emissions (~90%) deriving from agricultural practices. Animal agriculture potentially contributes up to 50% of total agricultural N2O emissions. In intensive animal agriculture, high N2O emission rates generally coincide with anaerobic soil conditions and high soil NO3–, primarily from animal urine patches. This paper provides an overview of animal, feed-based and soil or management abatement technologies for ruminant animal agriculture targeted at reducing the size of the soil NO3– pool or improving soil aeration. Direct measurements of N2O emissions from potential animal and feed-based intervention technologies are scarce. However, studies have shown that they have the potential to reduce urinary N excretion by 3–60% and thus reduce associated N2O emissions. Research on the effect of soil and water management interventions is generally further advanced and N2O reduction potentials of up to 90% have been measured in some instances. Of the currently available technologies, nitrification inhibitors, managing animal diets and fertiliser management show the best potential for reducing emissions in the short-term. However, strategies should always be evaluated in a whole-system context, to ensure that reductions in one part of the system do not stimulate higher emissions elsewhere. Current technologies reviewed here could deliver up to 50% reduction from an animal housing system, but only up to 15% from a grazing-based system. However, given that enteric methane emissions form the majority of emissions from grazing systems, a 15% abatement of N2O is likely to translate to a 2–4% decrease in total GHG emissions at a farm scale. Clearly, further research is needed to develop technologies for improving N cycling and reducing N2O emissions from grazing-based animal production systems.","PeriodicalId":8636,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"34 1","pages":"14-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1071/EA07217","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58793860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 212