Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture最新文献

{"title":"Differences in health characteristics and health behaviors between rural and non-rural community-dwelling stroke survivors aged ≥65 years in the USA.","authors":"Ryan R Bailey, Natalie Miner","doi":"10.1017/BrImp.2022.17","DOIUrl":"10.1017/BrImp.2022.17","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To examine differences in health characteristics and health behaviors between rural and non-rural stroke survivors in the USA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were extracted from the 2017 and 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) to compare prevalences of health characteristics (i.e., diabetes, disability, poor health, high cholesterol, hypertension, no health care coverage, weight status) and health behaviors (i.e., fruit consumption, vegetable consumption, physical inactivity, high alcohol consumption, smoking) among community-dwelling stroke survivors, stratified by rural status (i.e., rural vs. non-rural). Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for health characteristics and health behaviors to examine the association of rural status with each variable of interest (reference group=non-rural).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data from 14,599 respondents (rural: <i>n</i> = 5,039; non-rural: <i>n</i> = 9,560) were available for analysis. The majority of respondents were female (61.4%), non-Hispanic white (83.2%), previously married (56.1%), had at least some college education (55.2%), and had an annual household income ≥USD $25,000 (56.9%). Prevalences of disability, poor health, weekly aerobic exercise, and smoking were higher among rural respondents compared to non-rural respondents. Logistic regression showed increased odds (odds ratio range: 1.1-1.2) for these variables among rural respondents; however, odds ratios were attenuated after controlling for sociodemographic and health characteristics.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We did not find evidence of differences in the investigated health characteristics and health behaviors between rural and non-rural community-dwelling stroke survivors in the USA. Additional research is needed to confirm these findings and to identify alternative sociodemographic and health factors that may differ between rural and non-rural community-dwelling stroke survivors.</p>","PeriodicalId":8636,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"24 1","pages":"521-528"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80986423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Determinants of Adherence to COVID-19 Preventive Guidelines in Iran: A Qualitative Study.","authors":"Sina Ahmadi, Zahra Jorjoran Shushtari, Marzieh Shirazikhah, Akbar Biglarian, Seyed Fahim Irandoost, Toktam Paykani, Ali Almasi, Nader Rajabi-Gilan, Nafiul Mehedi, Yahya Salimi","doi":"10.1177/00469580221084185","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00469580221084185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Adherence to COVID-19 preventative guidelines may be influenced by a variety of factors at the individual, societal, and institutional levels. The current study sought to investigate the social factors of adherence to those preventive measures from the perspective of health professionals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In October 2020, we performed qualitative research in Tehran, Iran, using the directed content analysis method. For the preparation of our interview guide and data analysis, we employed the WHO conceptual framework of socioeconomic determinants of health. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 health professionals and policymakers who were chosen using a purposive sampling approach. MAXQDA-18 software was used to analyze the data. The Goba and Lincoln criteria were used to assess the quality of the results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There are 23 subcategories and 9 categories, which include socio-economic and political context (unstable macroeconomic environment, poor management of the pandemic, media and knowledge transfer), cultural and social values (fatalism, cultural norms, value conflicts, social customs), socio-economic positions (livelihood conditions), social capital (social cohesion, low trust), living conditions (housing conditions), occupational conditions (precarious employment), individual characteristics (demographic characteristics, personality traits, COVID-19 knowledge, and attitude), psycho-social factors (normalization of the disease, social pressure, and stigma), and health system leadership (health system problems, not taking evidence-based decisions, non-comprehensive preventive guidelines, non-operational guidelines, inadequate executive committee) were obtained.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To limit the new COVID-19 transmission, people must be encouraged to follow COVID-19 prevention instructions. Improving adherence to COVID-19 preventive guidelines necessitates dealing with the complexities of responding to social determinants of those guidelines. Increasing public health literacy and knowledge of COVID-19, informing people about the consequences of social interactions and cultural customs in the spread of COVID-19, strengthening regulatory lockdown laws, improving guarantees for adhering to preventive guidelines, providing easy access to preventive supplies, and strengthening financial support for households with precarious employment are all important.</p>","PeriodicalId":8636,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"38 1","pages":"469580221084185"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8968392/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80875445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A three-dimensional finite element analysis of stress distribution in maxillary central incisor with a horizontal mid root fracture after various management protocols.","authors":"Kavitha Anantula, Bhavana Vankayala, Sarjeev Singh Yadav","doi":"10.4103/jcd.jcd_410_21","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jcd.jcd_410_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>The incidence of root fractures is about 1.2%-7% in permanent teeth and horizontal mid root fractures are most common in maxillary anteriors.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aims to evaluate the stress distribution in a maxillary central incisor with mid root fracture after various management protocols using three-dimensional finite element (FE) analysis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Four three dimensional FE models were constructed: Model 1-Normal tooth, Model 2-tooth with horizontal mid root fracture, Model 3-tooth with horizontal mid root fracture, coronal fragment filled with Biodentine, and access cavity sealed with composite resin cement and apical fragment left untreated and Model 4-tooth with horizontal mid root fracture restored with intraradicular fiber post as a splint and access cavity sealed with composite resin cement. The properties of materials were assigned and a force of 100 N was applied at 45° angle to the longitudinal axis of the tooth onto the palatal surface incisal to the cingulum.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis: </strong>Von-Mises stress along the length of the root analyzed and compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The maximum stress distribution was observed at the palatal end of the coronal radicular fragment in both without treatment and with biodentine treatment. The stress distribution was concentrated more at the junction of the splinted area in the intraradicular fiber post splinted model.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The model with intraradicular fiber post as a splint exhibited more stress concentration at the splinted area due to bending forces. These stresses may adversely affect the healing around the fracture site and affect the longevity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8636,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"25 1","pages":"470-474"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8989167/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80993765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spontaneous Resolution and Super-coiling in Xerogels of the Products of Photo-Induced Formose Reaction.","authors":"Sergey V Stovbun, Anatoly M Zanin, Mikhail V Shashkov, Aleksey A Skoblin, Dmitry V Zlenko, Vsevolod A Tverdislov, Marya G Mikhaleva, Oxana P Taran, Valentin N Parmon","doi":"10.1007/s11084-019-09583-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11084-019-09583-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This work addresses the supramolecular self-organization in the xerogels of formose reaction products. The UV-induced formose reaction was held in over-saturated formaldehyde solutions at 70^∘C without a catalyst. The solutions of the obtained carbohydrates were dried on a glass slide, and the obtained xerogels demonstrated a prominent optical activity, while the initial solutions were optically inactive. The xerogels contained highly elongated crystalline elements of a helical structure as well as the isometric ones. Thus xerogel formation was accompanied by a spontaneous resolution of enantiomers and separation of different-shaped supramolecular structures. The thick helices were twisted of thinner ones, while the latter were twisted of elementary structures having a diameter much smaller than 400 nm. Similar structural hierarchy is typical of biological macromolecules (DNA, proteins, and cellulose). Summarizing the obtained results, we proposed a hypothetical mechanism explaining the amplification of the initial enantiomeric excess, as well as chiral and chemical purification of the substances which were essential for the evolution of Life to start.</p>","PeriodicalId":8636,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"17 1","pages":"187-196"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s11084-019-09583-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80931375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dose optimization for assessment of periodontal structures in cone beam CT examinations.","authors":"Ayman Al-Okshi, Chrysoula Theodorakou, Christina Lindh","doi":"10.1259/dmfr.20160311","DOIUrl":"10.1259/dmfr.20160311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the relationship between dose and image quality for a dedicated dental CBCT scanner using different scanning protocols and to set up an optimal imaging protocol for assessment of periodontal structures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Radiation dose and image quality measurements were made using 3D Accuitomo 170 (J. Morita, Kyoto, Japan) dental CBCT scanner. The SedentexCT IQ phantom was used to investigate the relationship between contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and dose-area product. Subjective image quality assessment was achieved using a small adult skull phantom for the same range of exposure settings. Five independent observers assessed the images for three anatomical landmarks using a three-point visual grade analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>When correlating the CNR of each scanning protocol to the exposure parameters used to obtain it, CNR decreased as these parameters decreased, especially current-exposure time product. When correlating to subjective image quality, the CNR level remained acceptable when 5 mA and 17.5 s or greater was selected and 80 kV could be used without compromising the CNR.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>For a dedicated CBCT unit, changing the rotation angle from 360° to 180° degrades image quality. By altering tube potential and current for the 360° rotation protocol, assessment of periodontal structures can be performed with a smaller dose without substantially affecting visualization.</p>","PeriodicalId":8636,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"21 1","pages":"20160311"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5606266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80966047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The next 10 years: Challenges for the future and overcoming resistance to targeted therapies for renal cell carcinoma.","authors":"Daniel Y C Heng","doi":"10.5489/cuaj.4294","DOIUrl":"10.5489/cuaj.4294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The introduction of targeted therapies over the past 10 years revolutionized the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). The next 10 years hold promise for even greater expansion of the therapeutic armamentarium for mRCC. A number of recently completed and ongoing trials have explored the use of antivascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors in the adjuvant setting, the use of predictive biomarkers to guide personalized medicine, as well as new systemic treatments and combination therapies for mRCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":8636,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"39 1","pages":"S256-S258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5215305/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80968213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Report From the NEI/FDA Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Trial Design and Endpoints Workshop.","authors":"Prashant Nair, Lloyd Paul Aiello, Thomas W Gardner, Lee M Jampol, Frederick L Ferris","doi":"10.1167/iovs.16-20356","DOIUrl":"10.1167/iovs.16-20356","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8636,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"26 1","pages":"5127-5142"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6016432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81001227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reorganization of Intact Descending Motor Circuits to Replace Lost Connections After Injury.","authors":"Kathren L Fink, William B J Cafferty","doi":"10.1007/s13311-016-0422-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13311-016-0422-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurons have a limited capacity to regenerate in the adult central nervous system (CNS). The inability of damaged axons to re-establish original circuits results in permanent functional impairment after spinal cord injury (SCI). Despite abortive regeneration of axotomized CNS neurons, limited spontaneous recovery of motor function emerges after partial SCI in humans and experimental rodent models of SCI. It is hypothesized that this spontaneous functional recovery is the result of the reorganization of descending motor pathways spared by the injury, suggesting that plasticity of intact circuits is a potent alternative conduit to enhance functional recovery after SCI. In support of this hypothesis, several studies have shown that after unilateral corticospinal tract (CST) lesion (unilateral pyramidotomy), the intact CST functionally sprouts into the denervated side of the spinal cord. Furthermore, pharmacologic and genetic methods that enhance the intrinsic growth capacity of adult neurons or block extracellular growth inhibitors are effective at significantly enhancing intact CST reorganization and recovery of motor function. Owing to its importance in controlling fine motor behavior in primates, the CST is the most widely studied descending motor pathway; however, additional studies in rodents have shown that plasticity within other spared descending motor pathways, including the rubrospinal tract, raphespinal tract, and reticulospinal tract, can also result in restoration of function after incomplete SCI. Identifying the molecular mechanisms that drive plasticity within intact circuits is crucial in developing novel, potent, and specific therapeutics to restore function after SCI. In this review we discuss the evidence supporting a focus on exploring the capacity of intact motor circuits to functionally repair the damaged CNS after SCI. </p>","PeriodicalId":8636,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"29 1","pages":"370-81"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4824020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81020121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Host-plant resistance and biopesticides: ingredients for successful integrated pest management (IPM) in Australian sorghum production","authors":"B. Franzmann, A. Hardy, D. Murray, R. Henzell","doi":"10.1071/EA08071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/EA08071","url":null,"abstract":"There are two major pests of sorghum in Australia, the sorghum midge, Stenodiplosis sorghicola (Coquillett), and the corn earworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner). During the past 10 years the management of these pests has undergone a revolution, due principally to the development of sorghum hybrids with resistance to sorghum midge. Also contributing has been the adoption of a nucleopolyhedrovirus for the management of corn earworm. The practical application of these developments has led to a massive reduction in the use of synthetic insecticides for the management of major pests of sorghum in Australia. These changes have produced immediate economic, environmental and social benefits. Other flow-on benefits include providing flexibility in planting times, the maintenance of beneficial arthropods and utilisation of sorghum as a beneficial arthropod nursery, a reduction in midge populations and a reduction in insecticide resistance development in corn earworm. Future developments in sorghum pest management are discussed.","PeriodicalId":8636,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"48 1","pages":"1594-1600"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1071/EA08071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58804249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The changing status of invertebrate pests and the future of pest management in the Australian grains industry","authors":"A. Hoffmann, A. Weeks, M. Nash, G. Mangano, P. Umina","doi":"10.1071/EA08185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/EA08185","url":null,"abstract":"The Australian grains industry is dealing with a shifting complex of invertebrate pests due to evolving management practices and climate change as indicated by an assessment of pest reports over the last 20-30 years. Acomparisonofpestoutbreakreportsfromtheearly1980sto2006-07fromsouth-easternAustraliahighlightsadecreasein the importance of pea weevils and armyworms, while the lucerne flea, Balaustium mites, blue oat mites and Bryobia mites have increased in prominence. In Western Australia, where detailed outbreak records are available from the mid 1990s, the relative incidence of armyworms, aphids and vegetable weevils has recently decreased, while the incidence of pasture cockchafers,Balaustiummites,blueoatmites,redleggedearthmites,thelucerne fleaandsnailshasincreased.Thesechanges are the result of several possible drivers. Patterns of pesticide use, farm management responses and changing cropping patterns are likely to have contributed to these shifts. Drier conditions, exacerbated by climate change, have potentially reduced the build-up of migratory species from inland Australia and increased the adoption rate of minimum and no-tillage systems in order to retain soil moisture. The latter has been accompanied by increased pesticide use, accelerating selection pressures for resistance. Other control options will become available once there is an understanding of interactions between pests and beneficial species within a landscape context and a wider choice of 'softer' chemicals. Future climate change will directly and indirectly influence pest distributions and outbreaks as well as the potential effectiveness of endemic natural enemies.Geneticallymodifiedcropsprovidenewoptionsforcontrolbutalsopresentchallengesasnewpestspeciesarelikely to emerge.","PeriodicalId":8636,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"48 1","pages":"1481-1493"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1071/EA08185","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58807395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}