Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture最新文献

Host-plant resistance and biopesticides: ingredients for successful integrated pest management (IPM) in Australian sorghum production 寄主-植物抗性和生物农药:澳大利亚高粱生产中病虫害综合治理(IPM)成功的要素

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture Pub Date : 2008-11-27 DOI: 10.1071/EA08071

B. Franzmann, A. Hardy, D. Murray, R. Henzell

引用次数: 19

The changing status of invertebrate pests and the future of pest management in the Australian grains industry 无脊椎动物害虫的变化状况和害虫管理的未来在澳大利亚的粮食工业

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture Pub Date : 2008-11-27 DOI: 10.1071/EA08185

A. Hoffmann, A. Weeks, M. Nash, G. Mangano, P. Umina

{"title":"The changing status of invertebrate pests and the future of pest management in the Australian grains industry","authors":"A. Hoffmann, A. Weeks, M. Nash, G. Mangano, P. Umina","doi":"10.1071/EA08185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/EA08185","url":null,"abstract":"The Australian grains industry is dealing with a shifting complex of invertebrate pests due to evolving management practices and climate change as indicated by an assessment of pest reports over the last 20-30 years. Acomparisonofpestoutbreakreportsfromtheearly1980sto2006-07fromsouth-easternAustraliahighlightsadecreasein the importance of pea weevils and armyworms, while the lucerne flea, Balaustium mites, blue oat mites and Bryobia mites have increased in prominence. In Western Australia, where detailed outbreak records are available from the mid 1990s, the relative incidence of armyworms, aphids and vegetable weevils has recently decreased, while the incidence of pasture cockchafers,Balaustiummites,blueoatmites,redleggedearthmites,thelucerne fleaandsnailshasincreased.Thesechanges are the result of several possible drivers. Patterns of pesticide use, farm management responses and changing cropping patterns are likely to have contributed to these shifts. Drier conditions, exacerbated by climate change, have potentially reduced the build-up of migratory species from inland Australia and increased the adoption rate of minimum and no-tillage systems in order to retain soil moisture. The latter has been accompanied by increased pesticide use, accelerating selection pressures for resistance. Other control options will become available once there is an understanding of interactions between pests and beneficial species within a landscape context and a wider choice of 'softer' chemicals. Future climate change will directly and indirectly influence pest distributions and outbreaks as well as the potential effectiveness of endemic natural enemies.Geneticallymodifiedcropsprovidenewoptionsforcontrolbutalsopresentchallengesasnewpestspeciesarelikely to emerge.","PeriodicalId":8636,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1071/EA08185","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58807395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 56

Foreword to 'Invertebrate Pests of Grain Crops and Integrated Management: Current Practice and Prospects for the Future' 《粮食作物无脊椎有害生物及其综合治理:现状与展望》前言

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture Pub Date : 2008-11-27 DOI: 10.1071/EAV48N12_FO

Rohan Rainbow

引用次数: 0

The population dynamics of the mediterranean snails Cernuella virgata, Cochlicella acuta (Hygromiidae) and Theba pisana (Helicidae) in pasture–cereal rotations in South Australia: a 20-year study 南澳大利亚牧场-谷物轮作中地中海钉螺(Cernuella virgata, Cochlicella acuta, Hygromiidae)和底螺(Theba pisana, Helicidae)种群动态的20年研究

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture Pub Date : 2008-11-27 DOI: 10.1071/EA08031

G. Baker

{"title":"The population dynamics of the mediterranean snails Cernuella virgata, Cochlicella acuta (Hygromiidae) and Theba pisana (Helicidae) in pasture–cereal rotations in South Australia: a 20-year study","authors":"G. Baker","doi":"10.1071/EA08031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/EA08031","url":null,"abstract":"The snails Cernuella virgata, Cochlicella acuta and Theba pisana are introduced pests of grain crops and pastures in southern Australia. The population dynamics of these three species of snail were studied for 20 years in two adjacent fields where they coexisted on a farm on the Yorke Peninsula in South Australia. The fields were used for pasture–cereal rotations. Surveys were conducted in autumn and spring each year, coinciding respectively with the start of the breeding season and peak abundance of snails (mostly juveniles). Populations varied greatly in abundance between years and between species, but snails were generally most common in spring, in wet years, especially those with wet autumns and wet springs. Rainfall early in a particular year (i.e. at sowing of crops in autumn) can thus be used to predict the likelihood of heavy snail infestations later in spring (i.e. at harvest). In contrast, the abundance of adult snails in autumn was a poor predictor of the subsequent abundance of juvenile snails in spring, especially in crops. There were no significant correlations, at field scale, between the average abundance of the three species of snail in spring, in either pastures or crops. However, at a sampling scale of 0.25 m2, there were consistent, negative relationships between the abundance of all three snail species. Such patterns may reflect either competitive interactions between snails or subtle differences in micro-habitat choice. Patterns in the abundance of snails (e.g. large numbers near field edges) were suggestive of occasional invasion from dense populations in adjacent fields.","PeriodicalId":8636,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1071/EA08031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58802447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 32

Managing ecosystem services in broadacre landscapes: what are the appropriate spatial scales? 管理大面积景观中的生态系统服务:什么是合适的空间尺度?

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture Pub Date : 2008-11-27 DOI: 10.1071/EA08112

N. Schellhorn, S. Macfadyen, F. Bianchi, David G. Williams, M. Zalucki

{"title":"Managing ecosystem services in broadacre landscapes: what are the appropriate spatial scales?","authors":"N. Schellhorn, S. Macfadyen, F. Bianchi, David G. Williams, M. Zalucki","doi":"10.1071/EA08112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/EA08112","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past 200 years agriculture has expanded throughout Australia. The culmination of clearing and cultivating land at the farm scale has resulted in highly modified landscapes and a perceived loss of ecosystem services from pest control and pollination. We examine the literature: (i) to identify the appropriate spatial scale for managing pests, natural enemies and pollinators; and (ii) for evidence that farm-scale changes (due to agricultural intensification) across a landscape have resulted in a tipping point favouring pests and hindering pollinators. Although there is limited information to draw firm conclusions, the evidence suggests that actions undertaken on individual farms have an impact both on their neighbours and regionally, and that the culmination of these actions can lead to changes in population dynamics of pests, natural enemies and pollinators. For major pest species, there is reasonable evidence that grain growers may benefit from improved management and higher yields by implementing area-wide pest management strategies on a landscape scale in collaboration with growers of other crops that also share these pests. As yet, for natural enemies and pollinators there is little direct evidence that similar area-wide initiatives will have a greater effect than management strategies aimed at the field and farm level. Managing pests, natural enemies and pollinators beyond the scale of the field or farm is technically and socially challenging and will required a well defined research agenda, as well as compromise, balance and trading among stakeholders. We highlight critical knowledge gaps and suggest approaches for designing and managing landscapes for ecosystem services.","PeriodicalId":8636,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1071/EA08112","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58804946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 90

Ecology of diamondback moth in Australian canola: landscape perspectives and the implications for management 澳大利亚油菜籽中小菜蛾的生态学:景观视角及其管理意义

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture Pub Date : 2008-11-27 DOI: 10.1071/EA07413

M. Furlong, H. Spafford, P. Ridland, N. Endersby, O. Edwards, G. Baker, M. Keller, C. Paull

{"title":"Ecology of diamondback moth in Australian canola: landscape perspectives and the implications for management","authors":"M. Furlong, H. Spafford, P. Ridland, N. Endersby, O. Edwards, G. Baker, M. Keller, C. Paull","doi":"10.1071/EA07413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/EA07413","url":null,"abstract":"The ecology of diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylsotella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), and records of its frequent, but sporadic, population outbreaks in the canola agroecosystems of southern and western Australia are reviewed. The migratory capacity of DBM, possible maintenance of pest populations on brassicaceous weeds and forage crops, resistance to commonly used pyrethroid insecticides, a lack of effective natural enemies (due to disruption by insecticides and difficulties associated with colonising the vast areas of canola crops) and suitable climatic conditions during critical phases of the crop cycle are all likely to contribute to the observed pest outbreaks. A greater understanding of the ecology of DBM in the canola landscape is fundamental to improving its management in the crop but relevant long-term DBM abundance data are currently lacking. Five critical research issues are identified: (i) improved understanding of the factors which determine regional movement patterns of diamondback in canola-growing areas; (ii) the development and implementation of flexible insecticide resistance management strategies; (iii) better understanding of canola crop colonisation by natural enemies of DBM and their population dynamics under current and alternative insecticide application strategies; (iv) greater appreciation of the interactions between DBM and its crop and weedy host plants; and (v) the development of validated simulation models to aid in the forecasting of possible DBM outbreaks. Each issue represents a significant challenge but all must be addressed if the development of a sustainable integrated strategy for the management of DBM in Australian canola is to become a reality.","PeriodicalId":8636,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1071/EA07413","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58799475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 33

Strategies for control of the redlegged earth mite in Australia 澳大利亚红腿土螨的防治策略

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture Pub Date : 2008-11-27 DOI: 10.1071/EA08020

T. Ridsdill‐Smith, A. Hoffmann, G. Mangano, J. M. Gower, C. Pavri, P. Umina

{"title":"Strategies for control of the redlegged earth mite in Australia","authors":"T. Ridsdill‐Smith, A. Hoffmann, G. Mangano, J. M. Gower, C. Pavri, P. Umina","doi":"10.1071/EA08020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/EA08020","url":null,"abstract":"The redlegged earth mite, Halotydeus destructor, continues to be an intractable pest causing damage to most crop and pasture species in southern Australia. H. destructor feed on all stages of plants, but particularly damage seedlings in autumn. Research has aimed to develop new controls based on a better understanding of the biology and ecology of this pest. Chemicals remain the key tool to control H. destructor, despite the recent appearance of resistance to synthetic pyrethroids. A control package, Timerite, has been developed by which a single well-timed spray in spring can prevent H. destructor from developing diapause eggs. Field trials show this strategy provides effective control of H. destructor the following autumn, and protects plant seedlings, although mite populations build up again during winter. Non-chemical control strategies include grazing, the use of tolerant plants such as cereals, resistant legume cultivars and avoiding rotations where favourable host plants are available in the year before growing susceptible crops such as canola. Natural enemies can assist in mite control, and their numbers can be enhanced by methods including increasing landscape features like shelterbelts. Interspecific competition can occur between H. destructor and other pest mites, but the extent to which these interactions influence the structure of pest communities under different management regimes remains to be investigated.","PeriodicalId":8636,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1071/EA08020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58800898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 33

Insecticide resistance and implications for future aphid management in Australian grains and pastures: a review 杀虫剂抗性及其对未来澳大利亚谷物和牧场蚜虫管理的启示:综述

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture Pub Date : 2008-11-27 DOI: 10.1071/EA07426

O. Edwards, B. Franzmann, D. Thackray, S. Mićić

{"title":"Insecticide resistance and implications for future aphid management in Australian grains and pastures: a review","authors":"O. Edwards, B. Franzmann, D. Thackray, S. Mićić","doi":"10.1071/EA07426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/EA07426","url":null,"abstract":"Aphids can cause substantial damage to cereals, oilseeds and legumes through direct feeding and through the transmission of plant pathogenic viruses. Aphid-resistant varieties are only available for a limited number of crops. In Australia, growers often use prophylactic sprays to control aphids, but this strategy can lead to non-target effects and the development of insecticide resistance. Insecticide resistance is a problem in one aphid pest of Australian grains in Australia, the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae). Molecular analyses of field-collected samples demonstrate that amplified E4 esterase resistance to organophosphate insecticides is widespread in Australian grains across Australia. Knockdown resistance to pyrethroids is less abundant, but has an increased frequency in areas with known frequent use of these insecticides. Modified acetylcholinesterase resistance to dimethyl carbamates, such as pirimicarb, has not been found in Australia, nor has resistance to imidacloprid. Australian grain growers should consider control options that are less likely to promote insecticide resistance, and have reduced impacts on natural enemies. Research is ongoing in Australia and overseas to provide new strategies for aphid management in the future.","PeriodicalId":8636,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1071/EA07426","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58799748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 80

Management of beneficial invertebrates and their potential role in integrated pest management for Australian grain systems 有益无脊椎动物的管理及其在澳大利亚粮食系统病虫害综合治理中的潜在作用

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture Pub Date : 2008-11-27 DOI: 10.1071/EA07424

J. Holloway, M. Furlong, P. Bowden

{"title":"Management of beneficial invertebrates and their potential role in integrated pest management for Australian grain systems","authors":"J. Holloway, M. Furlong, P. Bowden","doi":"10.1071/EA07424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/EA07424","url":null,"abstract":"Beneficial invertebrates (predators and parasitoids) can make significant contributions to the suppression of insect pest populations in many cropping systems. In Australia, natural enemies are incorporated into integrated pest management programs in cotton and horticultural agroecosystems. They are also often key components of effective programs for the management of insect pests of grain crops in other parts of the world. However, few studies have examined the contribution of endemic natural enemies to insect pest suppression in the diverse grain agroecosystems of Australia. The potential of these organisms is assessed by reviewing the role that natural enemies play in the suppression of the major pests of Australian grain crops when they occur in overseas grain systems or other local agroecosystems. The principal methods by which the efficacy of biological control agents may be enhanced are examined and possible methods to determine the impact of natural enemies on key insect pest species are described. The financial and environmental benefits of practices that encourage the establishment and improve the efficacy of natural enemies are considered and the constraints to adoption of these practices by the Australian grains industry are discussed.","PeriodicalId":8636,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1071/EA07424","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58799556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Preface to 'Meat Standards Australia' 《澳大利亚肉类标准》序言

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture Pub Date : 2008-11-06 DOI: 10.1071/EAV48N11_PR

R. Polkinghorne, J. Thompson

引用次数: 0